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微服务：实现服务发现与服务注册

2024-09-19 18:36:48   204人阅读

一.服务发现的方式：

              1.客户端发现：Eureka、ZooKeeper(存在缺陷)原因：http://blog.csdn.net/whereismatrix/article/details/53305045

              2.服务端发现：consul+nginx

描述：Eureka是Netflix开发的服务发现框架，本身是一个基于REST的服务，主要用于定位运行在AWS域中的中间层服务，以达到负载均衡和中间层服务故障转移的目的。SpringCloud将它集成在其子项目spring-cloud-netflix中，一实现SpringCloud的服务发现功能

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二.服务注册的功能

1.服务注册表：服务注册是一个记录当前可用的微服务实例的网络信息数据库，是服务发现机制的主要核心，服务注册表查询api、管理api，使用查询api获得可用服务的实例，使用管理api实现注册、注销

2.服务注册：节点启动后，会在Eureka Server中进行注册，这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可用服务节点的信息，服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观的看到。

三.实现一个Eurka Serve【microservice-discovery-eureka】

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1.添加Eureka的maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.example</groupId>    <artifactId>microservice-discovery-eureka</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>war</packaging>    <name>microservice-discovery-eureka</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>mysql</groupId>            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>            <scope>runtime</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>            <scope>provided</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>        <!-- 身份验证        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>        </dependency>-->    </dependencies>    <dependencyManagement>        <dependencies>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>                <type>pom</type>                <scope>import</scope>            </dependency>        </dependencies>    </dependencyManagement>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>

2.启动类：使用@EnableEurekaServer注解

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;@EnableEurekaServer//注册成一个服务注册中心，给其他微服务应用进行提供会话@SpringBootApplicationpublic class MicroserviceDiscoveryEurekaApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceDiscoveryEurekaApplication.class, args);    }}

3.application.properties的配置项

security.basic.enabled=truesecurity.user.name=usersecurity.user.password=test123456server.port=8761eureka.instance.hostname=localhosteureka.client.registerWithEureka=falseeureka.client.fetchRegistry=false#添加身份验证
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${security.user.name}:${security.user.password}@${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/#默认
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/spring.application.name=cloud-eureka-server

4.启动【microservice-discovery-eureka】

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四.实现一个【microservice-provider-user】

1.添加Eureka的maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.example</groupId>    <artifactId>microservice-provider-user</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>war</packaging>    <name>microservice-provider-user</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>        </dependency>                <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>        </dependency>                <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>            <scope>provided</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <dependencyManagement>        <dependencies>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>                <type>pom</type>                <scope>import</scope>            </dependency>        </dependencies>    </dependencyManagement>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>

2.启动类：使用@EnableEurekaClient注解

package com.example;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;@SpringBootApplication@EnableAutoConfiguration@EnableEurekaClient//注册一个服务注册应用public class MicroserviceProviderUserApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceProviderUserApplication.class, args);    }}

3.application.properties的配置项

server.port=9090#服务注册表中描述应用的名称
spring.application.name=microservice-provider-usersecurity.user.name=usersecurity.user.password=test123456#eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka-server-1.4.6/eureka/ 
#添加身份验证eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${security.user.name}:${security.user.password}@localhost:8761/eureka/eureka.instance.appname=microservice.client.user#eureka.client.registerWithEureka=true#eureka.client.fetchRegistry=true

4.启动【microservice-provider-user】

描述：先启动服务发现，再启动服务注册类，刷新服务发现管理页面

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五.对Eureka服务的身份验证(Authenticating with the Eureka Server)

1.修改应用maven依赖(服务注册、服务发现)

<!-- 身份验证-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>        </dependency>

2.添加身份验证

服务发现application.properties的配置项

security.basic.enabled=truesecurity.user.name=usersecurity.user.password=test123456server.port=8761eureka.instance.hostname=localhosteureka.client.registerWithEureka=falseeureka.client.fetchRegistry=falseeureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${security.user.name}:${security.user.password}@${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/spring.application.name=cloud-eureka-server

3.重新启动，访问服务发现管理页面

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4.服务注册应用也需要用到身份验证，否则注册不了

服务注册application.properties的配置项

server.port=9090spring.application.name=microservice-provider-usersecurity.user.name=usersecurity.user.password=test123456eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${security.user.name}:${security.user.password}@localhost:8761/eureka/eureka.instance.appname=microservice.client.user#eureka.client.registerWithEureka=true#eureka.client.fetchRegistry=true

微服务：实现服务发现与服务注册


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