Stack基本概念
栈是一种 特殊的线性表
栈仅能在线性表的一端进行操作
栈顶(Top)：同意操作的一端
栈底(Bottom)：不同意操作的一端

Stack的经常使用操作
创建栈
销毁栈
清空栈
进栈
出栈
获取栈顶元素
获取栈的大小 

栈模型和链表模型关系分析

栈的顺序存储设计与实现

// seqlist.h
// 顺序存储结构线性表的API声明

#ifndef  __MY_SEQLIST_H__ 
#define __MY_SEQLIST_H__

typedef void SeqList;
typedef void SeqListNode;

//链表 创建
SeqList* SeqList_Create(int capacity);

//链表 销毁
void SeqList_Destroy(SeqList* list);

////链表 清空
void SeqList_Clear(SeqList* list);

//链表 长度
int SeqList_Length(SeqList* list);


//链表 容量 
int SeqList_Capacity(SeqList* list);

//链表 在某一个位置 插入元素
int SeqList_Insert(SeqList* list, SeqListNode* node, int pos);

//获取某一个位置的链表结点
SeqListNode* SeqList_Get(SeqList* list, int pos);

//删除某一个位置的结点
SeqListNode* SeqList_Delete(SeqList* list, int pos);


#endif  //__MY_SEQLIST_H__

// seqList.cpp
// 顺序存储结构的栈API实现

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include "seqlist.h"

using namespace std;

typedef struct _tag_SeqList
{
	int capacity;
	int length;
	int **node;
}TSeqList;

//链表 创建
SeqList* SeqList_Create(int capacity)
{
	int ret = -1;
	TSeqList *tmp = NULL;
	tmp = (TSeqList *)malloc(sizeof(TSeqList));
	if (tmp == NULL) {
		ret = 1;
		printf("function SeqList_Create() err:%d\n", ret);
		return NULL;
	}
	memset(tmp, 0, sizeof(TSeqList));
	tmp->capacity = capacity;
	tmp->length = 0;
	tmp->node = (int **)malloc(sizeof(void *) * capacity);
	if (tmp->node == NULL) {
		ret = 2;
		printf("function SeqList_Create() err:%d\n", ret);
		return NULL;
	}
	memset(tmp->node, 0, sizeof(void *) * capacity);

	return tmp;
}

//链表 创建
int SeqList_Create2(int capacity, SeqList**handle)
{
	int			ret = 0;
	TSeqList	*tmp = NULL;
	tmp = (TSeqList *)malloc(sizeof(TSeqList));
	if (tmp == NULL)
	{
		ret = 1;
		printf("func SeqList_Create2() err :%d \n", ret);
		return ret;
	}
	memset(tmp, 0, sizeof(TSeqList));
	tmp->capacity = capacity;
	tmp->length = 0;
	tmp->node = (int **)malloc(sizeof(void *) * capacity);
	if (tmp->node == NULL)
	{
		ret = 2;
		printf("func SeqList_Create2() malloc err :%d \n", ret);
		return ret;
	}

	*handle = tmp;
	return ret;
}

//链表 销毁
void SeqList_Destroy(SeqList* list)
{
	if (list == NULL) {
		return;
	}

	TSeqList *tmp = (TSeqList *)list;
	if (tmp->node != NULL) {
		free(tmp->node);
	}
	free(tmp);

	return;
}

////链表 清空
void SeqList_Clear(SeqList* list)
{
	if (list == NULL) {
		return;
	}

	TSeqList *tmp = (TSeqList *)list;
	tmp->length = 0;
	memset(tmp->node, 0, sizeof(tmp->node));

	return;
}

//链表 长度
int SeqList_Length(SeqList* list)
{
	if (list == NULL) {
		return -1;
	}

	TSeqList *tmp = (TSeqList *)list;
	return tmp->length;
}

//链表 容量 
int SeqList_Capacity(SeqList* list)
{
	if (list == NULL) {
		return -1;
	}

	TSeqList *tmp = (TSeqList *)list;
	return tmp->capacity;
}

//链表 在某一个位置 插入元素
int SeqList_Insert(SeqList* list, SeqListNode* node, int pos)
{
	if (list == NULL || node == NULL || pos < 0) {
		return -1;
	}

	TSeqList *tList = (TSeqList *)list;

	// 假设满了
	if (tList->length >= tList->capacity) {
		return -2;
	}

	// 假设pos的位置超出了length。即中间空了一些位置
	if (pos > tList->length) {
		pos = tList->length;
	}

	for (int i = tList->length; i > pos; --i) {
		tList->node[i] = tList->node[i - 1];
	}
	tList->node[pos] = (int *)node;
	++tList->length;

	return 0;
}

//获取某一个位置的链表结点
SeqListNode* SeqList_Get(SeqList* list, int pos)
{
	TSeqList *tList = (TSeqList *)list;
	if (list == NULL || pos < 0 || pos >= tList->length)
	{
		return NULL;
	}

	SeqListNode *tListNode = NULL;
	tListNode = (int *)tList->node[pos];

	return tListNode;
}

//删除某一个位置的结点
SeqListNode* SeqList_Delete(SeqList* list, int pos)
{
	TSeqList *tList = (TSeqList *)list;
	SeqListNode *tListNode = NULL;
	if (list == NULL || pos < 0 || pos >= tList->length) {
		return NULL;
	}

	tListNode = tList->node[pos];
	for (int i = pos + 1; i < tList->length; ++i) {
		tList->node[i - 1] = tList->node[i];
	}
	--tList->length; // 别忘了长度减一

	return tListNode;
}

// seqstack.h
// 顺序存储结构的栈API声明

#ifndef __SEQSTACK_H__
#define __SEQSTACK_H__

typedef void SeqStack;

// 创建栈
SeqStack* SeqStack_Create(int capacity);

// 销毁栈
void* SeqStack_Destroy(SeqStack* stack);

// 清空栈
void* SeqStack_Clear(SeqStack* stack);

// 元素入栈
int SeqStack_Push(SeqStack* stack, void* item);

// 弹出栈顶元素
void* SeqStack_Pop(SeqStack* stack);

// 获取栈顶元素
void* SeqStack_Top(SeqStack* stack);

// 获取栈的大小
int SeqStack_Size(SeqStack* stack);

// 获取栈的容量
int SeqStack_Capacity(SeqStack* stack);

#endif

// seqstack.cpp
// 顺序存储结构栈的API实现
// 调用了之前写好的顺序链表API

#include <cstdio>
#include "seqlist.h"
#include "seqstack.h"

// 创建栈，相当于创建一个线性表
SeqStack* SeqStack_Create(int capacity)
{
	return SeqList_Create(capacity);
}

// 销毁栈。相当于销毁链表
void* SeqStack_Destroy(SeqStack* stack)
{
	SeqList_Destroy(stack);

	return NULL;
}

// 清空栈，相当于清空链表
void* SeqStack_Clear(SeqStack* stack)
{
	SeqList_Clear(stack);
	return NULL;
}

// 元素入栈，相当于在线性表（数组）的尾部加入元素
int SeqStack_Push(SeqStack* stack, void* item)
{
	return SeqList_Insert(stack, item, SeqList_Length(stack));
}

// 弹出栈顶元素，相当于从线性表的尾部删除元素
void* SeqStack_Pop(SeqStack* stack)
{
	return SeqList_Delete(stack, SeqList_Length(stack) - 1);
}

// 获取栈顶元素。相当于获取链表的尾部元素
void* SeqStack_Top(SeqStack* stack)
{
	return SeqList_Get(stack, SeqList_Length(stack) - 1);
}

// 获取栈的大小。相当于获取链表的长度
int SeqStack_Size(SeqStack* stack)
{
	return SeqList_Length(stack);
}

// 获取栈的容量
int SeqStack_Capacity(SeqStack* stack)
{
	return SeqList_Capacity(stack);
}

// main.cpp
// 顺序结构栈的測试程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include "seqstack.h"

void play()
{
	int i = 0; 
	SeqStack *stack = NULL;
	
	int a[10];
	for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
		a[i] = i + 1;
	}

	stack = SeqStack_Create(20);

	// 入栈
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
		SeqStack_Push(stack, &a[i]);
	}

	printf("len:%d \n", SeqStack_Size(stack));
	printf("capacity:%d \n", SeqStack_Capacity(stack));

	printf("top:%d \n", *((int *)SeqStack_Top(stack)));

	// 元素出栈
	while (SeqStack_Size(stack)) {
		printf("%d ", *((int *)SeqStack_Pop(stack)));
	}

	SeqStack_Destroy(stack);
	return;
}

int main()
{
	play();

	return 0;
}

project代码详情：Github