在对nutch源代码运行ant runtime后，会创建一个runtime的目录，在runtime目录下有deploy和local 2个目录。

[jediael@jediael runtime]$ ls

deploy  local

这2个目录分别代表nutch的2种运行方式：部署模式及本地模式。

以下以inject为例，示范2种运行模式。

一、本地模式

1、基本用法：

$ bin/nutch inject 
Usage: InjectorJob <url_dir> [-crawlId <id>]

liaoliuqingdeMacBook-Air:local liaoliuqing$ bin/nutch inject urls
InjectorJob: starting at 2014-12-20 22:32:01
InjectorJob: Injecting urlDir: urls
InjectorJob: Using class org.apache.gora.hbase.store.HBaseStore as the Gora storage class.
InjectorJob: total number of urls rejected by filters: 0
InjectorJob: total number of urls injected after normalization and filtering: 1

Injector: finished at 2014-12-20 22:32:15, elapsed: 00:00:14

用法二：指定id

$ bin/nutch inject urls -crawlId 2
InjectorJob: starting at 2014-12-20 22:34:01
InjectorJob: Injecting urlDir: urls
InjectorJob: Using class org.apache.gora.hbase.store.HBaseStore as the Gora storage class.
InjectorJob: total number of urls rejected by filters: 0
InjectorJob: total number of urls injected after normalization and filtering: 1

Injector: finished at 2014-12-20 22:34:15, elapsed: 00:00:14

上述命令将在hbase数据库中新建一个表，表名为${id}_webpage，若未指定id，则表名为webpage.

然后将urls目录中的文件内容写入表中，作为爬虫种子。

hbase(main):003:0> scan 'webpage'
ROW                   COLUMN+CELL                                               
 com.163.www:http/    column=f:fi, timestamp=1419085934952, value=http://www.mamicode.com/x00'/x8D/x00 >
当再次执行inject命令时，会增加新的url进入表中。

3、其它运行脚本
where COMMAND is one of:
 inject         inject new urls into the database
 hostinject     creates or updates an existing host table from a text file
 generate       generate new batches to fetch from crawl db
 fetch          fetch URLs marked during generate
 parse          parse URLs marked during fetch
 updatedb       update web table after parsing
 updatehostdb   update host table after parsing
 readdb         read/dump records from page database
 readhostdb     display entries from the hostDB
 elasticindex   run the elasticsearch indexer
 solrindex      run the solr indexer on parsed batches
 solrdedup      remove duplicates from solr
 parsechecker   check the parser for a given url
 indexchecker   check the indexing filters for a given url
 plugin         load a plugin and run one of its classes main()
 nutchserver    run a (local) Nutch server on a user defined port
 junit          runs the given JUnit test
 or
 CLASSNAME      run the class named CLASSNAME
Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.

可以逐步运行一个完整抓取流程中的各个步骤，形成一个整体的流程。
当使用crawl命令进行抓取任务时，其基本流程步骤如下：
（1）InjectorJob
开始第一个迭代
（2）GeneratorJob
（3）FetcherJob
（4）ParserJob
（5）DbUpdaterJob
（6）SolrIndexerJob
开始第二个迭代
（2）GeneratorJob
（3）FetcherJob
（4）ParserJob
（5）DbUpdaterJob
（6）SolrIndexerJob
开始第三个迭代
具体每个步骤的执行，请见http://blog.csdn.net/jediael_lu/article/details/38591067

4、nutch封装了一个crawl脚本，将各个关键步骤进行了封装，从而无需逐步运行抓取流程。
[jediael@jediael local]$ bin/crawl 
Missing seedDir : crawl <seedDir> <crawlID> <solrURL> <numberOfRounds>

如：
[root@jediael44 bin]# ./crawl seed.txt TestCrawl http://localhost:8983/solr 2

二、部署模式
1、使用hadoop命令运行

注意：必须先启动hadoop及hbase。
[jediael@jediael deploy]$ hadoop jar apache-nutch-2.2.1.job org.apache.nutch.crawl.InjectorJob file:///opt/jediael/apache-nutch-2.2.1/runtime/deploy/urls/
14/12/20 23:26:50 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: InjectorJob: starting at 2014-12-20 23:26:50
14/12/20 23:26:50 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: InjectorJob: Injecting urlDir: file:/opt/jediael/apache-nutch-2.2.1/runtime/deploy/urls
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.3.2-1031432, built on 11/05/2010 05:32 GMT
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:host.name=jediael
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.version=1.7.0_51
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.vendor=Oracle Corporation
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.home=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_51/jre
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.class.path=/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../conf:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_51/lib/tools.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/..:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../hadoop-core-1.2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/asm-3.2.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/aspectjrt-1.6.11.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/aspectjtools-1.6.11.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-beanutils-core-1.8.0.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-collections-3.2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-configuration-1.6.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-daemon-1.0.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-digester-1.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-el-1.0.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-httpclient-3.0.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-io-2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-lang-2.4.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-logging-api-1.0.4.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-math-2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-net-3.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/core-3.1.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/hadoop-capacity-scheduler-1.2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/hadoop-fairscheduler-1.2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/hadoop-thriftfs-1.2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/hsqldb-1.8.0.10.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jasper-compiler-5.5.12.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jasper-runtime-5.5.12.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jdeb-0.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jersey-core-1.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jersey-json-1.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jersey-server-1.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jets3t-0.6.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jsch-0.1.42.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/junit-4.5.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/kfs-0.2.2.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/log4j-1.2.15.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/mockito-all-1.8.5.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/oro-2.0.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/servlet-api-2.5-20081211.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/slf4j-api-1.4.3.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.4.3.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jsp-2.1/jsp-2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jsp-2.1/jsp-api-2.1.jar
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.library.path=/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/native/Linux-amd64-64
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.io.tmpdir=/tmp
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.compiler=<NA>
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.name=Linux
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.arch=amd64
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.version=2.6.32-431.17.1.el6.x86_64
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.name=jediael
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.home=/home/jediael
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.dir=/opt/jediael/apache-nutch-2.2.1/runtime/deploy
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Initiating client connection, connectString=localhost:2181 sessionTimeout=180000 watcher=hconnection
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Opening socket connection to server localhost/127.0.0.1:2181
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Socket connection established to localhost/127.0.0.1:2181, initiating session
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Session establishment complete on server localhost/127.0.0.1:2181, sessionid = 0x14a5c24c9cf0657, negotiated timeout = 40000
14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: InjectorJob: Using class org.apache.gora.hbase.store.HBaseStore as the Gora storage class.
14/12/20 23:26:55 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 1
14/12/20 23:26:55 INFO util.NativeCodeLoader: Loaded the native-hadoop library
14/12/20 23:26:55 WARN snappy.LoadSnappy: Snappy native library not loaded
14/12/20 23:26:56 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201412202325_0002
14/12/20 23:26:57 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 0% reduce 0%
14/12/20 23:27:15 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 100% reduce 0%
14/12/20 23:27:17 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201412202325_0002
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 20
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Job Counters 
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     SLOTS_MILLIS_MAPS=14058
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Total time spent by all reduces waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Total time spent by all maps waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Rack-local map tasks=1
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Launched map tasks=1
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     SLOTS_MILLIS_REDUCES=0
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:   File Output Format Counters 
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Bytes Written=0
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:   injector
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     urls_injected=3
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:   FileSystemCounters
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     FILE_BYTES_READ=149
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     HDFS_BYTES_READ=130
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     FILE_BYTES_WRITTEN=78488
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:   File Input Format Counters 
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Bytes Read=149
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Map-Reduce Framework
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map input records=6
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=106311680
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Spilled Records=0
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     CPU time spent (ms)=2420
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Total committed heap usage (bytes)=29753344
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=736796672
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map output records=3
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:     SPLIT_RAW_BYTES=130
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: InjectorJob: total number of urls rejected by filters: 0
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: InjectorJob: total number of urls injected after normalization and filtering: 3
14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: Injector: finished at 2014-12-20 23:27:18, elapsed: 00:00:27


三、附带使用eclipse运行nutch的方式
此方法本质上是与部署模式一致的。

使用eclipse运行InjectorJob


eclipse输出内容：
InjectorJob: starting at 2014-12-20 23:13:24
InjectorJob: Injecting urlDir: /Users/liaoliuqing/99_Project/2.x/urls
InjectorJob: Using class org.apache.gora.hbase.store.HBaseStore as the Gora storage class.
InjectorJob: total number of urls rejected by filters: 0
InjectorJob: total number of urls injected after normalization and filtering: 1

Injector: finished at 2014-12-20 23:13:27, elapsed: 00:00:02



【Nutch基础教程之七】Nutch的2种运行模式：local及deploy