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HTML5 Web 客户端五种离线存储方式汇总

最近折腾HTML5游戏需要离线存储功能,便把目前可用的几种HTML5存储方式研究了下,基于HT for Web写了个综合的实例,分别利用了Cookie、WebStorage、IndexedDB以及FileSystem四种本地离线存储方式,对燃气监控系统的表计位置、朝向、开关以及表值等信息做了CURD的存取操作。

HTML5的存储还有一种Web SQL Database方式,虽然还有浏览器支持,是唯一的关系数据库结构的存储,但W3C以及停止对其的维护和发展,所以这里我们也不再对其进行介绍:Beware. This specification is no longer in active maintenance and the Web Applications Working Group does not intend to maintain it further.

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整个示例主要就是将HT for Web的DataModel数据模型信息进行序列化和反序列化,这个过程很简单通过dataModel.serialize()将模型序列化成JSON字符串,通过dataModel.deserialize(jsonString)将JSON字符串内存反序列化出模型信息,而存储主要就是主要就是针对JSON字符串进行操作。

先介绍最简单的存储方式LocalStorage,代码如下,几乎不用介绍就是Key-Value的简单键值对存储结构,Web Storage除了localStorage的持久性存储外,还有针对本次回话的sessionStorage方式,一般情况下localStorage较为常用,更多可参考 http://www.w3.org/TR/webstorage/

function save(dataModel){    var value =http://www.mamicode.com/ dataModel.serialize();    window.localStorage[‘DataModel‘] = value;    window.localStorage[‘DataCount‘] = dataModel.size();    console.log(dataModel.size() + ‘ datas are saved‘);    return value;}function restore(dataModel){      var value = http://www.mamicode.com/window.localStorage[‘DataModel‘];    if(value){        dataModel.deserialize(value);        console.log(window.localStorage[‘DataCount‘] + ‘ datas are restored‘);        return value;    }        return ‘‘;}function clear(){    if(window.localStorage[‘DataModel‘]){        console.log(window.localStorage[‘DataCount‘] + ‘ datas are cleared‘);        delete window.localStorage[‘DataModel‘];        delete window.localStorage[‘DataCount‘];             }   }

最古老的存储方式为Cookie,本例中我只能保存一个图元的信息,这种存储方式存储内容很有限,只适合做简单信息存储,存取接口设计得极其反人类,为了介绍HTML5存储方案的完整性我顺便把他给列上:

function getCookieValue(name) {    if (document.cookie.length > 0) {        var start = document.cookie.indexOf(name + "=");        if (start !== -1) {            start = start + name.length + 1;            var end = document.cookie.indexOf(";", start);            if (end === -1){                end = document.cookie.length;            }            return unescape(document.cookie.substring(start, end));        }    }    return ‘‘;}function save(dataModel) {    var value =http://www.mamicode.com/ dataModel.serialize();    document.cookie = ‘DataModel=‘ + escape(value);    document.cookie = ‘DataCount=‘ + dataModel.size();        console.log(dataModel.size() + ‘ datas are saved‘);    return value;}function restore(dataModel){      var value = http://www.mamicode.com/getCookieValue(‘DataModel‘);    if(value){        dataModel.deserialize(value);        console.log(getCookieValue(‘DataCount‘) + ‘ datas are restored‘);        return value;    }        return ‘‘;}function clear() {    if(getCookieValue(‘DataModel‘)){        console.log(getCookieValue(‘DataCount‘) + ‘ datas are cleared‘);        document.cookie = "DataModel=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC";        document.cookie = "DataCount=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC";       }}

如今比较实用强大的存储方式为Indexed Database API,IndexedDB可以存储结构对象,可构建key和index的索引方式查找,目前各浏览器的已经逐渐支持IndexedDB的存储方式,其使用代码如下,需注意IndexedDB的很多操作接口类似NodeJS的异步回调方式,特别是查询时连cursor的continue都是异步再次回调onsuccess函数的操作方式,因此和NodeJS一样使用上不如同步的代码容易。

request = indexedDB.open("DataModel");request.onupgradeneeded = function() {      db = request.result;    var store = db.createObjectStore("meters", {keyPath: "id"});    store.createIndex("by_tag", "tag", {unique: true});    store.createIndex("by_name", "name");  };request.onsuccess = function() {    db = request.result;};function save(dataModel){    var tx = db.transaction("meters", "readwrite");    var store = tx.objectStore("meters");    dataModel.each(function(data){        store.put({            id: data.getId(),            tag: data.getTag(),            name: data.getName(),            meterValue: data.a(‘meter.value‘),            meterAngle: data.a(‘meter.angle‘),            p3: data.p3(),            r3: data.r3(),            s3: data.s3()        });        });       tx.oncomplete = function() {        console.log(dataModel.size() + ‘ datas are saved‘);    };        return dataModel.serialize();}function restore(dataModel){         var tx = db.transaction("meters", "readonly");    var store = tx.objectStore("meters");    var req = store.openCursor();      var nodes = [];    req.onsuccess = function() {                var res = req.result;        if(res){            var value =http://www.mamicode.com/ res.value;            var node = createNode();            node.setId(value.id);            node.setTag(value.tag);            node.setName(value.name);                                    node.a({                ‘meter.value‘: value.meterValue,                ‘meter.angle‘: value.meterAngle            });            node.p3(value.p3);                                node.r3(value.r3);            node.s3(value.s3);            nodes.push(node);                         res.continue();        }else{            if(nodes.length){                dataModel.clear();                nodes.forEach(function(node){                    dataModel.add(node);                                         });                console.log(dataModel.size() + ‘ datas are restored‘);            }                     }           };        return ‘‘;}function clear(){    var tx = db.transaction("meters", "readwrite");    var store = tx.objectStore("meters");    var req = store.openCursor();    var count = 0;    req.onsuccess = function(event) {                var res = event.target.result;        if(res){            store.delete(res.value.id);            res.continue();            count++;        }else{            console.log(count + ‘ datas are cleared‘);        }             };}

最后是FileSystem API相当于操作本地文件的存储方式,目前支持浏览器不多,其接口标准也在发展制定变化中,例如在我写这个代码时大部分文献使用的webkitStorageInfo已被navigator.webkitPersistentStorage和navigator.webkitTemporaryStorage替代,存储的文件可通过filesystem:http://www.hightopo.com/persistent/meters.txt’的URL方式在chrome浏览器中查找到,甚至可通过filesystem:http://www.hightopo.com/persistent/类似目录的访问,因此也可以动态生成图片到本地文件,然后通过filesystem:http:***的URL方式直接赋值给img的html元素的src访问,因此本地存储打开了一扇新的门,相信以后会冒出更多稀奇古怪的奇葩应用。

navigator.webkitPersistentStorage.queryUsageAndQuota(function (usage, quota) {        console.log(‘PERSISTENT: ‘ + usage + ‘/‘ + quota + ‘ - ‘ + usage / quota + ‘%‘);    });navigator.webkitPersistentStorage.requestQuota(2 * 1024 * 1024,    function (grantedBytes) {        window.webkitRequestFileSystem(window.PERSISTENT, grantedBytes,            function (fs) {                window.fs = fs;            });    });function save(dataModel) {    var value =http://www.mamicode.com/ dataModel.serialize();    fs.root.getFile(‘meters.txt‘, {create: true}, function (fileEntry) {        console.log(fileEntry.toURL());        fileEntry.createWriter(function (fileWriter) {            fileWriter.onwriteend = function () {                console.log(dataModel.size() + ‘ datas are saved‘);            };            var blob = new Blob([value], {type: ‘text/plain‘});            fileWriter.write(blob);        });    });    return value;}function restore(dataModel) {    fs.root.getFile(‘meters.txt‘, {}, function (fileEntry) {        fileEntry.file(function (file) {            var reader = new FileReader();            reader.onloadend = function (e) {                dataModel.clear();                dataModel.deserialize(reader.result);                console.log(dataModel.size() + ‘ datas are restored‘);            };            reader.readAsText(file);        });    });    return ‘‘;}function clear() {    fs.root.getFile(‘meters.txt‘, {create: false}, function(fileEntry) {        fileEntry.remove(function() {            console.log(fileEntry.toURL() + ‘ is removed‘);        });    });    }

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Browser-Side的存储方式还在快速的发展中,其实除了以上几种外还有Application Cache,相信将来还会有新秀出现,虽然“云”是大趋势,但客户端并非要走极端的“瘦”方案,这么多年冒出了这么多客户端存储方式,说明让客户端更强大的市场需求是强烈的,当然目前动荡阶段苦逼的是客户端程序员,除了要适配Mouse和Touch,还要适配各种屏,如今还得考虑适配各种存储,希望本文能在大家选型客户端存储方案时有点帮助,最后上段基于HT for Web操作HTML5存储示例的视频效果:http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XODUzODU2MTY0.html

HTML5 Web 客户端五种离线存储方式汇总