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同一环境下新建Standby RAC库
需求：在同一个环境下新建Standby RAC库，即和Primary RAC在相同的磁盘组。
说明：生产环境一般不建议这样配置DG，因为存储层面是相同磁盘组，灾备的实际意义不大。我这里是用作读写分离。
基本信息：
db_name: jyzhao
Primary RAC db_unique_name：jyzhao
Standby RAC db_unique_name：jyzhaodg
Standby RAC instance_name: jyzhaodg1, jyzhaodg2
版本：GI 11.2.0.4 + DB 11.2.0.4
第一章 准备工作
1.1 ASM存储
确认RAC Standby存储是在和RAC Primary相同的ASM磁盘组内（PS：灾备效果不明显），创建RAC Standby存储目录（根据db_unique_name）
mkdir +DATA/JYZHAODG mkdir +FRA/JYZHAODG
1.2 配置tnsnames.ora
cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/
cat tnsnames.ora
添加主库备库的连接信息（所有节点）：
JYZHAO = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb-scan)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao) ) ) jyzhaodg = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb-scan)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = jyzhaodg) ) )
1.3 密码文件
节点1:
export ORACLE_SID=jyzhaodg1 密码文件； cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs orapwd file=orapwjyzhaodg1 password=oracle entries=5 或者直接copy之前的密码文件，然后mv重命名: cp orapwjyzhao1 orapwjyzhaodg1
节点2:
export ORACLE_SID=jyzhaodg2 密码文件； cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs orapwd file=orapwjyzhaodg2 password=oracle entries=5 或者直接copy之前的密码文件，然后mv重命名: cp orapwjyzhao2 orapwjyzhaodg2
最后测试相互连接可用
sqlplus sys/oracle@jyzhao as sysdba sqlplus sys/oracle@jyzhaodg as sysdba
第二章 源数据库备份
vi backup.sh
备份脚本如下：
rman target / <<EOF
run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
backup as compressed backupset database filesperset 1 format ‘/u01/orabak/salehrdb_%d_%T_%s.bak‘;
backup current controlfile format ‘/u01/orabak/control.bak‘;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
EOF后台执行备份任务：
nohup sh backup.sh &
注意：如果使用backup as copy database format方案,就不用再备份到磁盘后再恢复了,可以节省时间。
backup as copy 方案备份脚本 backupcp.sh内容如下：
rman target / <<EOF
run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
backup as copy database format ‘+DATA/JYZHAODG/DATAFILE/%u.dbf‘;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
EOF注意：这种方式，路径包含的目录需手动创建。
mkdir +DATA/JYZHAODG/DATAFILE
第三章 参数文件
3.1 修改主库参数文件
确认当前环境ORACLE_SID：
echo $ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID=jyzhao1
根据spfile文件创建pfile：
create pfile=‘/tmp/pfile.ora‘ from spfile;
Primary RAC 添加参数
--为不停止primary RAC，所以尽可能动态修改参数： show parameter log_archive_config show parameter db_file_name_convert show parameter log_file_name_convert show parameter fal_client show parameter fal_server show parameter log_archive_dest_3 alter system set log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(jyzhao,jyzhaodg)‘; alter system set db_file_name_convert=‘+DATA/jyzhaodg‘,‘+DATA/jyzhao‘ scope=spfile; alter system set log_file_name_convert=‘+DATA/jyzhaodg‘,‘+DATA/jyzhao‘ scope=spfile; alter system set fal_client=‘jyzhao‘; alter system set fal_server=‘jyzhaodg‘; alter system set log_archive_dest_3=‘service=jyzhaodg valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=jyzhaodg‘; --暂时defer传输链路，防止此时主库告警生成相关错误 SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_3=defer;
3.2 修改Standby RAC 参数
根据主库之前导出的参数文件修改备库的参数文件：
cp /tmp/pfile.ora /tmp/pfile_std.ora
vi /tmp/pfile_std.ora
*._high_priority_processes=‘LMS*‘ *.audit_file_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle/admin/jyzhaodg/adump‘ *.audit_trail=‘db‘ *.cluster_database=true *.compatible=‘11.2.0.4.0‘ *.control_files=‘+DATA/jyzhaodg/controlfile/current.260.931878631‘,‘+FRA/jyzhaodg/controlfile/current.256.931878631‘ *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_create_file_dest=‘+DATA‘ *.db_domain=‘‘ *.db_name=‘jyzhao‘ *.db_recovery_file_dest=‘+FRA‘ *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432 *.diagnostic_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle‘ *.dispatchers=‘(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=jyzhaoXDB)‘ jyzhaodg2.instance_number=2 jyzhaodg1.instance_number=1 *.log_archive_format=‘%t_%s_%r.dbf‘ *.memory_target=313286272 *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_listener=‘oradb-scan:1521‘ *.remote_login_passwordfile=‘exclusive‘ jyzhaodg2.thread=2 jyzhaodg1.thread=1 jyzhaodg2.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS2‘ jyzhaodg1.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1‘ #add db_unique_name=‘jyzhaodg‘ log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(jyzhao,jyzhaodg)‘#db_unique_name db_file_name_convert=‘+DATA/jyzhao‘,‘+DATA/jyzhaodg‘ log_file_name_convert=‘+DATA/jyzhao‘,‘+DATA/jyzhaodg‘ standby_file_management=auto fal_client=‘jyzhaodg‘#tnsnames.ora fal_server=‘jyzhao‘#salehrdb log_archive_dest_3=‘service=jyzhao valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=jyzhao‘
主要是注意后面#add之后的内容。
3.3 在ASM中创建standby的spfile
在ASM中创建standby的spfile,并确定各节点的参数文件内容指向磁盘中的spfile。
节点1:
echo $ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID=jyzhaodg1 create spfile=‘+DATA/jyzhaodg/spfilejyzhaodg.ora‘ from pfile=‘/tmp/pfile_std.ora‘; -- cat initjyzhaodg1.ora SPFILE=‘+DATA/jyzhaodg/spfilejyzhaodg.ora‘
节点2：
echo $ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID=jyzhaodg2 cat initjyzhaodg2.ora SPFILE=‘+DATA/jyzhaodg/spfilejyzhaodg.ora‘
创建adump目录（所有节点）
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/jyzhaodg/adump
3.4 Standby RAC启动到nomount
节点1:
echo $ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID=jyzhaodg1 startup nomount
节点2:
echo $ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID=jyzhaodg2 startup nomount
第四章 rman恢复控制文件
在Primary RAC上创建备库使用的控制文件：
echo $ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID=jyzhao1 SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as ‘/tmp/control01.ctlbak‘;
在Standby RAC的节点1上恢复控制文件并启动到mount：
echo $ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID=jyzhaodg1 restore controlfile from ‘/tmp/control01.ctlbak‘; alter database mount; crosscheck backupset; --如果是之前copy到磁盘组的备份没加载到控制文件中，可以手动catalog catalog start with ‘+data/jyzhaodg/DATAFILE‘; --同样，如果是之前的备份集没加载到控制文件中，一样手动catalog catalog start with ‘/u01/orabak/‘;
查看此时standby记录的各文件路径是否符合预期：
SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/system.256.931878537 +DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/sysaux.257.931878537 +DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/undotbs1.258.931878537 +DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/users.259.931878537 +DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/undotbs2.264.931878827 +DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/dbs_d_jingyu.268.937515173 6 rows selected. SQL> select member from v$logfile; MEMBER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_2.262.931878637 +FRA/jyzhao/onlinelog/group_2.258.931878639 +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_1.261.931878635 +FRA/jyzhao/onlinelog/group_1.257.931878637 +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_3.265.931879021 +FRA/jyzhao/onlinelog/group_3.259.931879023 +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_4.266.931879027 +FRA/jyzhao/onlinelog/group_4.260.931879029 8 rows selected. SQL> select name from v$tempfile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +DATA/jyzhaodg/tempfile/temp.263.931878661 SQL> select name from v$controlfile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +DATA/jyzhaodg/controlfile/current.288.937645851 +FRA/jyzhaodg/controlfile/current.275.937645851
发现日志文件有不符合预期的路径，进行修正：
SQL> show parameter convert NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_file_name_convert string +DATA/jyzhao, +DATA/jyzhaodg log_file_name_convert string +DATA/jyzhao, +DATA/jyzhaodg SQL> alter system set log_file_name_convert=‘+DATA/jyzhao‘,‘+DATA/jyzhaodg‘,‘+FRA/jyzhao‘,‘+FRA/jyzhaodg‘ scope=spfile; SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 313159680 bytes Fixed Size 2252824 bytes Variable Size 222302184 bytes Database Buffers 83886080 bytes Redo Buffers 4718592 bytes Database mounted. SQL> select member from v$logfile; MEMBER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_2.262.931878637 +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_2.258.931878639 +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_1.261.931878635 +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_1.257.931878637 +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_3.265.931879021 +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_3.259.931879023 +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_4.266.931879027 +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_4.260.931879029 8 rows selected.
第五章 rman恢复数据库
Standby RAC节点1:
确定ORACLE_SID变量：
echo $ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID=jyzhaodg1
a. 如果是使用从备份集恢复的方式
vi restore.sh
rman target / <<EOF! > db_restore.log
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
restore database;
release channel d1;
release channel d2;
}
exit;
EOF!nohup sh restore.sh &
b. 如果是直接使用copy到磁盘组的
直接switch database to copy即可。
RMAN> switch database to copy; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog datafile 1 switched to datafile copy "+DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/0eru6m4s.dbf" datafile 2 switched to datafile copy "+DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/0fru6m4s.dbf" datafile 3 switched to datafile copy "+DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/0hru6meo.dbf" datafile 4 switched to datafile copy "+DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/0iru6mg5.dbf" datafile 5 switched to datafile copy "+DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/0jru6mg6.dbf" datafile 6 switched to datafile copy "+DATA/jyzhaodg/datafile/0gru6men.dbf"
第六章 备库开启日志应用
确认Primary RAC的日志传输链路打开：
echo $ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID=jyzhao1 SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_3=enable;
Standby RAC节点1在mount状态下开启日志应用：
echo $ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID=jyzhaodg1 SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
第七章 创建standby log
停止备库应用：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
查看日志信息：
SQL> select * from v$Log; GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ 1 1 69 52428800 512 2 YES CURRENT 2450934 03-MAR-17 2.8147E+14 2 1 0 52428800 512 2 YES UNUSED 2440706 03-MAR-17 2450934 03-MAR-17 3 2 0 52428800 512 2 YES UNUSED 2440817 03-MAR-17 2450939 03-MAR-17 4 2 36 52428800 512 2 YES CURRENT 2450939 03-MAR-17 2.8147E+14 SQL> col member for a70 SQL> select group#, type, member from v$logfile; GROUP# TYPE MEMBER ---------- ------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 ONLINE +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_2.298.937648563 2 ONLINE +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_2.278.937648565 1 ONLINE +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_1.297.937648559 1 ONLINE +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_1.279.937648561 3 ONLINE +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_3.299.937648567 3 ONLINE +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_3.389.937648569 4 ONLINE +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_4.300.937648573 4 ONLINE +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_4.390.937648573 8 rows selected.
根据检查结果，合理为数据库添加standby logfile：
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 11 (‘+DATA‘,‘+FRA‘) size 52428800; alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 12 (‘+DATA‘,‘+FRA‘) size 52428800; alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13 (‘+DATA‘,‘+FRA‘) size 52428800; alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 21 (‘+DATA‘,‘+FRA‘) size 52428800; alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 22 (‘+DATA‘,‘+FRA‘) size 52428800; alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 23 (‘+DATA‘,‘+FRA‘) size 52428800;
添加完再次查看：
SQL> select group#, type, member from v$logfile; GROUP# TYPE MEMBER ---------- ------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 ONLINE +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_2.298.937648563 2 ONLINE +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_2.278.937648565 1 ONLINE +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_1.297.937648559 1 ONLINE +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_1.279.937648561 3 ONLINE +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_3.299.937648567 3 ONLINE +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_3.389.937648569 4 ONLINE +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_4.300.937648573 4 ONLINE +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_4.390.937648573 11 STANDBY +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_11.301.937648773 11 STANDBY +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_11.391.937648775 12 STANDBY +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_12.302.937648777 GROUP# TYPE MEMBER ---------- ------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 STANDBY +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_12.392.937648779 13 STANDBY +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_13.303.937648779 13 STANDBY +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_13.393.937648781 21 STANDBY +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_21.304.937648783 21 STANDBY +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_21.394.937648783 22 STANDBY +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_22.305.937648785 22 STANDBY +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_22.395.937648787 23 STANDBY +DATA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_23.306.937648787 23 STANDBY +FRA/jyzhaodg/onlinelog/group_23.396.937648789 20 rows selected.
继续开启备库应用，确定恢复完成日志没报错信息后取消日志应用，打开数据库，开启ADG：
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; alter database recover managed standby database cancel; alter database open; alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
查看DG同步状态：
SQL> SELECT OPEN_MODE, DATABASE_ROLE, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, FORCE_LOGGING, DATAGUARD_BROKER, GUARD_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE; OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS FOR DATAGUAR GUARD_S -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --- -------- ------- READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBY NOT ALLOWED NO DISABLED NONE SQL> set lines 1000 SQL> select * from v$dataguard_stats; NAME VALUE UNIT TIME_COMPUTED DATUM_TIME -------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ transport lag +00 00:09:37 day(2) to second(0) interval 03/03/2017 10:03:20 03/03/2017 10:03:13 apply lag +00 00:09:38 day(2) to second(0) interval 03/03/2017 10:03:20 03/03/2017 10:03:13 apply finish time day(2) to second(3) interval 03/03/2017 10:03:20 estimated startup time 40 second 03/03/2017 10:03:20 --可以在Primary RAC上归档当前日志模拟业务切换归档： SQL> SELECT OPEN_MODE, DATABASE_ROLE, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, FORCE_LOGGING, DATAGUARD_BROKER, GUARD_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE; OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS FOR DATAGUAR GUARD_S -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --- -------- ------- READ WRITE PRIMARY TO STANDBY NO DISABLED NONE SQL> alter system archive log current; System altered. --再次在Standby RAC上查看DG同步状态： SQL> r 1* select * from v$dataguard_stats NAME VALUE UNIT TIME_COMPUTED DATUM_TIME -------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ transport lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 03/03/2017 10:04:45 03/03/2017 10:04:44 apply lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 03/03/2017 10:04:45 03/03/2017 10:04:44 apply finish time day(2) to second(3) interval 03/03/2017 10:04:45 estimated startup time 40 second 03/03/2017 10:04:45
至此，已完成RAC Standby库在同环境下的创建。
第八章 检查资源状态
我们可以将RAC Standby也加入到crs资源中：
[oracle@oradb23 ~]$ srvctl add database -d jyzhaodg -o $ORACLE_HOME -i jyzhaodg1 -n jyzhao [oracle@oradb23 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d jyzhaodg -i jyzhaodg1 -n oradb23 [oracle@oradb23 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d jyzhaodg -i jyzhaodg2 -n oradb24 --启动数据库 [oracle@oradb23 ~]$ srvctl start database -d salehrdg --查看资源状态： [grid@oradb23 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
总结：同环境下搭建Standby RAC，最重要的注意事项就是一定要细心，操作前确保自己操作的是正确的ORACLE_SID，备库的路径也要反复确认无误再操作。
同一环境下新建Standby RAC库
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