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Using OAuth 2.0 for Web Server Applications, verifying a user's Android in-app subscription
在写本文之前先说些题外话。
前段时间游戏急于在GoolePlay上线,明知道如果不加Auth2.0的校验是不安全的还是暂时略过了这一步,果然没几天就发现后台记录与玩家实际付费不太一致,怀疑有玩家盗刷游戏元宝等,并且真实的走过了GooglePlay的所有支付流程完成道具兑换,时间一长严重性可想而知。经过查阅大量google官方文档后把代码补上,并在这里记录下OAuth 2.0 的使用,Google提供了OAuth2.0的好几种使用用途,每种使用方法都有些不同,具体可以看下这篇博客。在这里只写OAuth 2.0 for Web Server Applications的使用,涉及refresh_token, access_token等的获取和使用,以及如何向google发送GET和POST请求等,最终完成用户在安卓应用内支付购买信息的校验。先贴下关于Using OAuth 2.0 for Web Server Applications的解释的谷歌官方原文:
The authorization sequence begins when your application redirects a browser to a Google URL; the URL includes query parameters that indicate the type of access being requested. As in other scenarios, Google handles user authentication, session selection, and user consent. The result is an authorization code, which Google returns to your application in a query string.
After receiving the authorization code, your application can exchange the code (along with a client ID and client secret) for an access token and, in some cases, a refresh token.
The application can then use the access token to access a Google API.
If a refresh token is present in the authorization code exchange, then it can be used to obtain new access tokens at any time. This is called offline access, because the user does not have to be present at the browser when the application obtains a new access token.
通过原文和图解我们可以知道这样一个流程(下文会详细说明):
一. 在Google Developer Console中创建一个 Web Application账户,得到client_id,client_secret 和 redirect_uri,这3个参数后边步骤常用到(此为前提)
二. 获取Authorization code
三. 利用code 获取access_token,refresh_token
四. 进一步可利用refresh_token获取新的access_token
五. 使用access_token 调用Google API 达到最终目的(如果access_token过时,回到第四步)
需注意的是:在第三步操作,当我们第一次利用code获取access_token时,谷歌会同时返回给你一个refresh_token,以后再次用code获取access_token操作将不会再看到refresh_token,所以一定要保存下来。这个refresh_token是长期有效的,如果没有明确的被应用管理者撤销是不会过期的,而access_token则只有3600秒的时效,即1个小时,那么问题来了,access_token和refresh_token是什么关系?很明显的,我们最终是要使用access_token 去调用Google API,而access_token又有时效限制,所以当access_token过期后,我们可以用长效的refresh_token去再次获取access_token,并且可以可以在任何时间多次获取,没有次数限制。其实当我们得到refresh_token后,就是一个转折点。
下面详细分解步骤:
一. 在Google Developer Console中创建一个 Web Application账户。
(这里使用的是新版的Google Developer Console页面,其实可在Account settings中设置为中文显示~)
其中4.可以随意填写。创建完成后可以看下下图所示:
在这里我们拿到3个关键参数: client_id,client_secret,redirect_uris,,于下边步骤。
可能会有人有疑问,怎么就能确定在google developer console 建立的project就于Googleplay上线的安卓应用有关联呢?为什么可以用这些参数得来的access_token去调用谷歌API?其实在Googleplay发布应用时就有关联project的操作,之后创建project的人可以给其他谷歌账户授权,这样其他谷歌账户可以在自己的developer console页面直接看到该project和以下的web application等, 并且可在下一步操作中登录自己的谷歌账户获取code。
二. 获取Authorization code
https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth?scope=https://www.googleapis.com/auth/androidpublisher &response_type=code &access_type=offline &redirect_uri={REDIRECT_URIS} &client_id={CLIENT_ID}
我们需要将这个URL以浏览器的形式打开,这时会跳出提示你Sign in with your Google Account,然后在用有project授权的谷歌账户登录,地址栏会出现我们所需的code。例如:https://www.example.com/oauth2callback?code=4/CpVOd8CljO_gxTRE1M5jtwEFwf8gRD44vrmKNDi4GSS.kr-GHuseD-oZEnp6UADFXm0E0MD3FlAI
三. 利用code 获取access_token,refresh_token
https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token? code={CODE} &client_id={CLIENT_ID} &client_secret={CLIENT_SECRET} &redirect_uri={REDIRECT} &grant_type=authorization_code
{ "access_token": "ya29.3gC2jw5vm77YPkylq0H5sPJeJJDHX93Kq8qZHRJaMlknwJ85595eMogL300XKDOEI7zIsdeFEPY6zg", "token_type": "Bearer", "expires_in": 3600, "refresh_token": "1/FbQD448CdDPfDEDpCy4gj_m3WDr_M0U5WupquXL_o"}
四. 进一步可利用refresh_token获取新的access_token
https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token? grant_type=refresh_token &client_id={CLIENT_ID} &client_secret={CLIENT_SECRET} &refresh_token={REFRESH_TOKEN}
这里我们要向谷歌发起POST请求,JAVA代码如下:
/** 获取access_token **/ private static Map<String,String> getAccessToken(){ final String CLIENT_ID = "填入你的client_id"; final String CLIENT_SECRET = "填入你的client_secret"; final String REFRESH_TOKEN = "填入上一步获取的refresh_token"; Map<String,String> map = null; try { /** * https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token?refresh_token={REFRESH_TOKEN} * &client_id={CLIENT_ID}&client_secret={CLIENT_SECRET}&grant_type=refresh_token */ URL urlGetToken = new URL("https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token"); HttpURLConnection connectionGetToken = (HttpURLConnection) urlGetToken.openConnection(); connectionGetToken.setRequestMethod("POST"); connectionGetToken.setDoOutput(true); // 开始传送参数 OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(connectionGetToken.getOutputStream()); writer.write("refresh_token="+REFRESH_TOKEN+"&"); writer.write("client_id="+CLIENT_ID+"&"); writer.write("client_secret="+CLIENT_SECRET+"&"); writer.write("grant_type=refresh_token"); writer.close(); //若响应码为200则表示请求成功 if(connectionGetToken.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){ StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(connectionGetToken.getInputStream(), "utf-8")); String strLine = ""; while((strLine = reader.readLine()) != null){ sb.append(strLine); } // 取得谷歌回传的信息(JSON格式) JSONObject jo = JSONObject.fromObject(sb.toString()); String ACCESS_TOKEN = jo.getString("access_token"); Integer EXPIRES_IN = jo.getInt("expires_in"); map = new HashMap<String,String>(); map.put("access_token", ACCESS_TOKEN); map.put("expires_in", String.valueOf(EXPIRES_IN)); // 带入access_token的创建时间,用于之后判断是否失效 map.put("create_time",String.valueOf((new Date().getTime()) / 1000)); logger.info("包含access_token的JSON信息为: "+jo); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { logger.error("获取access_token失败,原因是:"+e); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error("获取access_token失败,原因是:"+e); e.printStackTrace(); } return map; }
五. 使用access_token 调用Google API 达到最终目的(如果access_token过时,回到第四步)
在这里我所需要获取的是我在应用内给GooglePlay支付的购买信息,此类信息包含以下几个属性:(可参考Google Play Developer API下的Purchases.products)
A ProductPurchase resource indicates the status of a user‘s inapp product purchase.
{ "kind": "androidpublisher#productPurchase", "purchaseTimeMillis": long, "purchaseState": integer, (purchased:0 cancelled:1,我们就是依靠这个判断购买信息) "consumptionState": integer, "developerPayload": string }带着access_token参数向GoogleApi发起GET请求,Java代码如下:
private static Map<String,String> cacheToken = null;//设置静态变量,用于判断access_token是否过期 public static GooglePlayBuyEntity getInfoFromGooglePlayServer(String packageName,String productId, String purchaseToken) { if(null != cacheToken){ Long expires_in = Long.valueOf(cacheToken.get("expires_in")); // 有效时长 Long create_time = Long.valueOf(cacheToken.get("create_time")); // access_token的创建时间 Long now_time = (new Date().getTime()) / 1000; if(now_time > (create_time + expires_in - 300)){ // 提前五分钟重新获取access_token cacheToken = getAccessToken(); } }else{ cacheToken = getAccessToken(); } String access_token = cacheToken.get("access_token"); GooglePlayBuyEntity buyEntity = null; try { /**这是写这篇博客时间时的最新API,v2版本。 * https://www.googleapis.com/androidpublisher/v2/applications/{packageName} * /purchases/products/{productId}/tokens/{purchaseToken}?access_token={access_token} */ String url = "https://www.googleapis.com/androidpublisher/v2/applications"; StringBuffer getURL = new StringBuffer(); getURL.append(url); getURL.append("/" + packageName); getURL.append("/purchases/products"); getURL.append("/" + productId ); getURL.append("/tokens/" + purchaseToken); getURL.append("?access_token=" + access_token); URL urlObtainOrder = new URL(getURL.toString()); HttpURLConnection connectionObtainOrder = (HttpURLConnection) urlObtainOrder.openConnection(); connectionObtainOrder.setRequestMethod("GET"); connectionObtainOrder.setDoOutput(true); // 如果认证成功 if (connectionObtainOrder.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { StringBuilder sbLines = new StringBuilder(""); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( connectionObtainOrder.getInputStream(), "utf-8")); String strLine = ""; while ((strLine = reader.readLine()) != null) { sbLines.append(strLine); } // 把上面取回來的資料,放進JSONObject中,以方便我們直接存取到想要的參數 JSONObject jo = JSONObject.fromObject(sbLines.toString()); Integer status = jo.getInt("purchaseState"); if(status == 0){ //验证成功 buyEntity = new GooglePlayBuyEntity(); buyEntity.setConsumptionState(jo.getInt("consumptionState")); buyEntity.setDeveloperPayload(jo.getString("developerPayload")); buyEntity.setKind(jo.getString("kind")); buyEntity.setPurchaseState(status); buyEntity.setPurchaseTimeMillis(jo.getLong("purchaseTimeMillis")); }else{ // 购买无效 buyEntity = new GooglePlayBuyEntity(); buyEntity.setPurchaseState(status); logger.info("从GooglePlay账单校验失败,原因是purchaseStatus为" + status); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); buyEntity = new GooglePlayBuyEntity(); buyEntity.setPurchaseState(-1); } return buyEntity; }
到这里就写完了,如果有什么疑问可以留言。过两天我会再写篇ios应用内支付,苹果商店AppStore购买信息校验的博客,跟此篇是同一个性质的问题。
Using OAuth 2.0 for Web Server Applications, verifying a user's Android in-app subscription