<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"></ListView>
</LinearLayout>

 1 import android.Manifest;
 2 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 3 import android.database.Cursor;
 4 import android.os.Bundle;
 5 import android.provider.ContactsContract;
 6 import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
 7 import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
 8 import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
 9 import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
10 import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
11 import android.widget.ListView;
12 import android.widget.Toast;
13 
14 import java.util.ArrayList;
15 import java.util.List;
16 
17 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
18 
19     List<String> contactsList = new ArrayList<>();
20     ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = null;
21 
22     @Override
23     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
24         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
25         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
26         /*
27         * 首先获取ListView实例然后 给其设置好适配器
28          */
29         ListView lv = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv);
30         adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,contactsList);
31         lv.setAdapter(adapter);
32         //6.0以上的系统中需要添加运行时权限
33         if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
34             ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},1);
35         }else{
36             readContacts();
37         }
38     }
39 
40     private void readContacts(){
41         Cursor cursor = null;
42         try{
43             //查询联系人数据
44             //这里没有通过Uri.parse()方法进行解析，是因为ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI已经做好了封装,提供了一个CONTENT_URL常量，而这个常量就是Uri.parse解析出来的结果
45             cursor = getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,null,null,null,null);
46             if(cursor != null){
47                 //对cursor进行遍历 获取联系人信息
48                 while(cursor.moveToNext()){
49                     //ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME 对应的是联系人姓名
50                     //ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER 对应的是联系人电话
51                     String displayName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME));
52                     String number = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
53                     //将联系人姓名电话添加到contactsList中
54                     contactsList.add(displayName + "\n" + number);
55                 }
56             }
57             //刷新一下ListView
58             adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
59         }catch (Exception e){
60             e.printStackTrace();
61         }finally {
62             //将cursor关闭
63             if(cursor != null){
64                 cursor.close();
65             }
66         }
67     }
68 
69 
70     @Override
71     public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
72         switch (requestCode){
73             case 1:
74                 if(grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
75                     readContacts();
76                 }else{
77                     Toast.makeText(this,"Failed",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
78                 }
79                 break;
80             default: break;
81         }
82     }
83 }

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"/>