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深入分析Intent匹配查询

尊重原创:http://blog.csdn.net/yuanzeyao/article/details/42243583


在前面的一篇文章中,我们详细分析了PackageManagerService的启动过程(在后面的文章中,为了方便,我会将PackageManagerService简称PMS),PMS在启动的过程中,会去扫描系统app和用户安装的app,然后将这些app的信息保存到一些数据结构中,在这篇文章中,我们会接着前面一篇文章继续分析Intent匹配查询过程,如果对PMS不是很熟悉的同学建议先去阅读前面一篇文章PackageManagerService启动过程分析。


作为一名Android App开发着,我相信你对Intent的使用是再熟悉不过了,例如我想在一个Activity中启动另外一个Activity,会使用如下代码:

Intent intent=new Intent(this,SecondActivity.class);
this.startActivity(intent);

以上方式称为显示Intent调用,当然有些时候我们会使用隐式Intent,例如:

Intent intent=new Intent("com.android.demo");
this.startActivity(intent);

由于Intent的使用非常简单,所以在这里我不想再去花太多时间去描述它了,我们这里是要从源码的角度去理解通过Intent是如何匹配Acitivity的(Service,Receiver原理也是差不多的)。


我们直接从startActivity函数开始吧(提示:我使用的是4.1源码,不同版本的源码会有些出入),在这里,先给出一张时序图,然后跟着时序图看源码。

技术分享

图1-1

根据图1-1,当我们调用Activity的startActivity方法时,其实调用的就是调用ContextImpl的startActivity方法

    public void startActivity(Intent intent, Bundle options) {
        if ((intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) == 0) {
            throw new AndroidRuntimeException(
                    "Calling startActivity() from outside of an Activity "
                    + " context requires the FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK flag."
                    + " Is this really what you want?");
        }
        mMainThread.getInstrumentation().execStartActivity(
            getOuterContext(), mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), null,
            (Activity)null, intent, -1, options);
    }

在ContextImple的startActivity方法中,会调用Instrumentation的execStartActivity方法,这个方法我就不贴出源码了,它里面其实就是调用了ActivityManagerService的startActivity方法,这个方法里面其实就是调用了ActivityStack的startActivityMayWait方法,该方法又调用了自身的resolveActivity方法,最后调用了PMS的resolveIntent方法了,到这里终于见到了PMS了,在resolveIntent方法里面就是调用了自身的queryIntentActivities方法,queryIntentActivities会返回一个ActivityInfo对象,我们知道一个ActivityInfo对象就是一个Activity的档案对象,记录了一个Acitivity的所有的信息。这里给出queryIntentActivities的源码

public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivities(Intent intent,
            String resolvedType, int flags, int userId) {
        if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) return null;
        ComponentName comp = intent.getComponent();
        if (comp == null) {
            if (intent.getSelector() != null) {
                intent = intent.getSelector(); 
                comp = intent.getComponent();
            }
        }
        if (comp != null) {
            final List<ResolveInfo> list = new ArrayList<ResolveInfo>(1);
            final ActivityInfo ai = getActivityInfo(comp, flags, userId);
            if (ai != null) {
                final ResolveInfo ri = new ResolveInfo();
                ri.activityInfo = ai;
                list.add(ri);
            }
            return list;
        }
        synchronized (mPackages) {
            final String pkgName = intent.getPackage();
            if (pkgName == null) {
                return mActivities.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, flags, userId);
            }
            final PackageParser.Package pkg = mPackages.get(pkgName);
            if (pkg != null) {
				// C
                return mActivities.queryIntentForPackage(intent, resolvedType, flags,
                        pkg.activities, userId);
            }
            return new ArrayList<ResolveInfo>();
        }
    }
对于上面的代码,可以看出:

如果Intent 指明了Componet,那么直接通过Componet就可以找到ActivityInfo

如果指定了packagename,那么可以通过packagename找到Package,然后通过Package包含的Activities中进行匹配

如果都不满足,那么需要全系统进行匹配。


写到这里,我们有必要对上一篇文章中的一些重要数据结构进行回忆。

回忆1:PackageManagerService中有两个scanPackageLI,第一个scanPackageLI的第一个参数是File,它的工作就是将指定的文件(apk)的AndroidManifest.xml文件解析成PackageParser.Package对象。我们看看这个对象有哪些字段吧

技术分享

图1-2


这里我仅仅列出了比较重要的字段,相信大家看了就会明白,Package里面存储了一个apk中的所有信息,其中包括所有的Activity,所有的Service等等。并且在PMS中有一个HashMap保存了所有的Pacakge,其中key就是包名


回忆2:在第二个scanPackageLI中,会将指定Package中的一些信息进行公有化,例如会将activities中的所有Activity加入ActivityIntentResolver类型的变量mActivities变量中。注意这里说的Activity和我们平时用的Activity不是一个类型,它的继承结构如下:

技术分享

图1-3


回忆3:在scanPackageLI中,通过调用ActivityIntentResolver的addActivity方法,将指定的PackageParser.Activity保存起来,我们看看addActivity做了什么。

/**
     * @param a
     * 		要被保存的Activity
     * @param type
     * 		"activity" or "recevier"
     */
    public final void addActivity(PackageParser.Activity a, String type) {
        final boolean systemApp = isSystemApp(a.info.applicationInfo);
        //保存到一个HashMap中
        mActivities.put(a.getComponentName(), a);
        final int NI = a.intents.size();
        //遍历Activity中所有的IntentFilter,然后调用addFilter方法进行保存
        for (int j=0; j<NI; j++) {
            PackageParser.ActivityIntentInfo intent = a.intents.get(j);
            if (!systemApp && intent.getPriority() > 0 && "activity".equals(type)) {
                intent.setPriority(0);
                Log.w(TAG, "Package " + a.info.applicationInfo.packageName + " has activity "
                        + a.className + " with priority > 0, forcing to 0");
            }
            if (DEBUG_SHOW_INFO) {
                Log.v(TAG, "    IntentFilter:");
                intent.dump(new LogPrinter(Log.VERBOSE, TAG), "      ");
            }
            if (!intent.debugCheck()) {
                Log.w(TAG, "==> For Activity " + a.info.name);
            }
            addFilter(intent);
        }
    }

逻辑比较简单,直接进入addFilter函数,看看做了些什么

public void addFilter(F f) {
        mFilters.add(f);
        int numS = register_intent_filter(f, f.schemesIterator(),
                mSchemeToFilter, "      Scheme: ");
        int numT = register_mime_types(f, "      Type: ");
        if (numS == 0 && numT == 0) {
            register_intent_filter(f, f.actionsIterator(),
                    mActionToFilter, "      Action: ");
        }
        if (numT != 0) {
            register_intent_filter(f, f.actionsIterator(),
                    mTypedActionToFilter, "      TypedAction: ");
        }
    }

其中mFilters是一个HashSet类型变量,这个方法首先将ActivityIntentInfo类型变量保存到mFilters中,接着调用了register_intent_filter方法

private final int register_intent_filter(F filter, Iterator<String> i,
            HashMap<String, ArrayList<F>> dest, String prefix) {
        if (i == null) {
            return 0;
        }

        int num = 0;
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            String name = i.next();
            num++;
            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, prefix + name);
            ArrayList<F> array = dest.get(name);
            if (array == null) {
                //Slog.v(TAG, "Creating new array for " + name);
                array = new ArrayList<F>();
                dest.put(name, array);
            }
            array.add(filter);
        }
        return num;
    }

在看代码之前,需要熟悉这里的数据结构,filter就相当于一个IntentFilter,i 是一个迭代器,通过它我们可以遍历filter所有的scheme,dest就是一个HashMap,key是filter的scheme,值就是一个ArrayList<F>,其实就是通过遍历一个IntentFilter的所有scheme,根据这个scheme找到对应的ArrayList<F>,然后将这个Filter放入ArrayList<F>,然后返回scheme的个数。


现在回到addFilter方法,接着会带调用register_mime_types方法,同样,看看这个方法做了什么

  private final int register_mime_types(F filter, String prefix) {
        final Iterator<String> i = filter.typesIterator();
        if (i == null) {
            return 0;
        }

        int num = 0;
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            String name = i.next();
            num++;
            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, prefix + name);
            String baseName = name;
            final int slashpos = name.indexOf(‘/‘);
            if (slashpos > 0) {
                baseName = name.substring(0, slashpos).intern();
            } else {
                name = name + "/*";
            }

            ArrayList<F> array = mTypeToFilter.get(name);
            if (array == null) {
                //Slog.v(TAG, "Creating new array for " + name);
                array = new ArrayList<F>();
                mTypeToFilter.put(name, array);
            }
            array.add(filter);

            if (slashpos > 0) {
                array = mBaseTypeToFilter.get(baseName);
                if (array == null) {
                    //Slog.v(TAG, "Creating new array for " + name);
                    array = new ArrayList<F>();
                    mBaseTypeToFilter.put(baseName, array);
                }
                array.add(filter);
            } else {
                array = mWildTypeToFilter.get(baseName);
                if (array == null) {
                    //Slog.v(TAG, "Creating new array for " + name);
                    array = new ArrayList<F>();
                    mWildTypeToFilter.put(baseName, array);
                }
                array.add(filter);
            }
        }

        return num;
    }

这个方法的功能和register_intent_filter方法功能是一样的,只不过register_intent_filter是处理scheme的,这里是处理type的,type的逻辑比scheme复杂。scheme只用了一个mSchemeToFilter存储,而type用了三个,他们分别是:

mWildTypeToFilter:用于保存设置了Data类型“image/*”的IntentFilter,但是设置“image/jpeg”的不算在内

mTypeToFilter:包含了mWildTypeToFilter以及指明了Data类型为确定参数的IntentFilter信息,如“image/jpeg”和“image/*”类型

mBaseTypeToFilter:保存MIME中Base类型的IntentFilter,但是不包含Sub type为"*"的IntentFilter



其实上面回忆的3点都是前面一篇文章的内容,下面就开始研究一下queryIntentActivities的逻辑吧。

public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivities(Intent intent,
            String resolvedType, int flags, int userId) {
        if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) return null;
        ComponentName comp = intent.getComponent();
        if (comp == null) {
            if (intent.getSelector() != null) {
                intent = intent.getSelector(); 
                comp = intent.getComponent();
            }
        }

        if (comp != null) {
            final List<ResolveInfo> list = new ArrayList<ResolveInfo>(1);
            final ActivityInfo ai = getActivityInfo(comp, flags, userId);
            if (ai != null) {
                final ResolveInfo ri = new ResolveInfo();
                ri.activityInfo = ai;
                list.add(ri);
            }
            return list;
        }

        // reader
        synchronized (mPackages) {
            final String pkgName = intent.getPackage();
            if (pkgName == null) {
                return mActivities.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, flags, userId);
            }
            final PackageParser.Package pkg = mPackages.get(pkgName);
            if (pkg != null) {
                return mActivities.queryIntentForPackage(intent, resolvedType, flags,
                        pkg.activities, userId);
            }
            return new ArrayList<ResolveInfo>();
        }
    }

这部分代码逻辑其实也不算复杂,通过Intent拿到ComponetName,如果ComponetName不为null(说明使用的是显示调用),那么通过调用getActivityInfo方法拿到ActivityInfo。getActivityInfo其实就是到mActivities里面根据ComponetName拿到PackageParser.Activity对象,并通过调用PackageParser.generateActivityInfo方法将PackageParser.Activity对象变为ActivityInfo对象。如果ComponetName为null(隐式调用),那么就要分为两种情况:

第一种情况:通过intent拿到包名为Null,那么调用ActivityIntentResolver的queryIntent方法

      public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntent(Intent intent, String resolvedType,
                boolean defaultOnly, int userId) {
            if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) return null;
            mFlags = defaultOnly ? PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY : 0;
            return super.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, defaultOnly, userId);
        }

代码很少,调用了IntentResolver的queryIntent,直接看queryIntent的源码吧

public List<R> queryIntent(Intent intent, String resolvedType, boolean defaultOnly,
            int userId) {
        String scheme = intent.getScheme();

        ArrayList<R> finalList = new ArrayList<R>();

        final boolean debug = localLOGV ||
                ((intent.getFlags() & Intent.FLAG_DEBUG_LOG_RESOLUTION) != 0);

        if (debug) Slog.v(
            TAG, "Resolving type " + resolvedType + " scheme " + scheme
            + " of intent " + intent);

        ArrayList<F> firstTypeCut = null;
        ArrayList<F> secondTypeCut = null;
        ArrayList<F> thirdTypeCut = null;
        ArrayList<F> schemeCut = null;

        // If the intent includes a MIME type, then we want to collect all of
        // the filters that match that MIME type.
        if (resolvedType != null) {
            int slashpos = resolvedType.indexOf(‘/‘);
            if (slashpos > 0) {
                final String baseType = resolvedType.substring(0, slashpos);
                if (!baseType.equals("*")) {
                    if (resolvedType.length() != slashpos+2
                            || resolvedType.charAt(slashpos+1) != ‘*‘) {
                        // Not a wild card, so we can just look for all filters that
                        // completely match or wildcards whose base type matches.
                        firstTypeCut = mTypeToFilter.get(resolvedType);
                        if (debug) Slog.v(TAG, "First type cut: " + firstTypeCut);
                        secondTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get(baseType);
                        if (debug) Slog.v(TAG, "Second type cut: " + secondTypeCut);
                    } else {
                        // We can match anything with our base type.
                        firstTypeCut = mBaseTypeToFilter.get(baseType);
                        if (debug) Slog.v(TAG, "First type cut: " + firstTypeCut);
                        secondTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get(baseType);
                        if (debug) Slog.v(TAG, "Second type cut: " + secondTypeCut);
                    }
                    // Any */* types always apply, but we only need to do this
                    // if the intent type was not already */*.
                    thirdTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get("*");
                    if (debug) Slog.v(TAG, "Third type cut: " + thirdTypeCut);
                } else if (intent.getAction() != null) {
                    // The intent specified any type ({@literal *}/*).  This
                    // can be a whole heck of a lot of things, so as a first
                    // cut let‘s use the action instead.
                    firstTypeCut = mTypedActionToFilter.get(intent.getAction());
                    if (debug) Slog.v(TAG, "Typed Action list: " + firstTypeCut);
                }
            }
        }

        // If the intent includes a data URI, then we want to collect all of
        // the filters that match its scheme (we will further refine matches
        // on the authority and path by directly matching each resulting filter).
        if (scheme != null) {
            schemeCut = mSchemeToFilter.get(scheme);
            if (debug) Slog.v(TAG, "Scheme list: " + schemeCut);
        }

        // If the intent does not specify any data -- either a MIME type or
        // a URI -- then we will only be looking for matches against empty
        // data.
        if (resolvedType == null && scheme == null && intent.getAction() != null) {
            firstTypeCut = mActionToFilter.get(intent.getAction());
            if (debug) Slog.v(TAG, "Action list: " + firstTypeCut);
        }

        FastImmutableArraySet<String> categories = getFastIntentCategories(intent);
        if (firstTypeCut != null) {
            buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly,
                    resolvedType, scheme, firstTypeCut, finalList, userId);
        }
        if (secondTypeCut != null) {
            buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly,
                    resolvedType, scheme, secondTypeCut, finalList, userId);
        }
        if (thirdTypeCut != null) {
            buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly,
                    resolvedType, scheme, thirdTypeCut, finalList, userId);
        }
        if (schemeCut != null) {
            buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly,
                    resolvedType, scheme, schemeCut, finalList, userId);
        }
        sortResults(finalList);

        if (debug) {
            Slog.v(TAG, "Final result list:");
            for (R r : finalList) {
                Slog.v(TAG, "  " + r);
            }
        }
        return finalList;
    }


这个函数看起来很复杂,但是逻辑很简单,我在这里简单的描述一下。

首先如果给定的Intent包含MIME,就到上面(mTypeToFilter,mWildTypeToFilter,mBaseTypeToFilter)里面匹配符合条件的IntentFilter,将结果分别保存到firstTypeCut,secondTypeCut,thirdTypeCut中,然后根据scheme进行匹配,将结果保存到schemeCut,最后调用buildResolveList方法,将action,scheme,categories等因素随后匹配,将结果保存到finalList中去,最后对finalList进行排序。这种情况分析完了。


第二种情况:如果intent中的包名不为Null,根据包名拿到PackageParser.Package对象,调用ActivityIntentResolver的queryIntentForPackage方法即可,此方法中遍历PackageParsr.Package中的mactivities对象,将每个PackageParser.Activity中的所有IntentFilter加入listCut(一个ArrayList)中,然后调用IntentResolve的queryIntentFromList方法,在queryIntentFromList方法中,根据给定的Intent的action,categories,scheme,type等信息匹配listCut中的IntentFilter对象。


好了关于Intent的匹配过程就写到这里。





深入分析Intent匹配查询