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Spring 之自动化装配 bean 尝试

【Spring之自动化装配bean尝试】

1、添加dependencies如下所示(不是每一个都用得到

  <dependencies>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>      <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>      <version>4.3.5.RELEASE</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>      <version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>        <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>junit</groupId>      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>      <version>4.12</version>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>junit</groupId>      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>      <version>4.12</version>    </dependency>  </dependencies>

 

2、创建可以被发现的“ bean ”

首先定义CD的概念

package soundsystem;public interface CompactDisc {    void play();}

创建带有 @Component 注解的实现类

package soundsystem;import org.springframework.stereotype.*;@Componentpublic class SgtPeppers implements CompactDisc {        private String title = "Sgt. Pepper‘s Lonely Hearts Club Band";    private String artist = "The Beatles";        public void play() {        System.out.println("Playing" + title + " by " + artist);    }}

@Component 注解的作用

  1. 表明该类会作为组件类
  2. 告知 Spring 要为这个类创建 bean

 

3、声明组件扫描,下面这个类与 CD 实现类在同一个包下。

package soundsystem;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration@ComponentScanpublic class CDplayerConfig {    }

注解 1 @Configuration 告知 Spring的应用上下文 要在该类中加载配置

注解 2 @ComponentScan 告知 Spring的应用上下文  要启用组件扫描,默认扫描与配置类相同的包

 

4、测试自动化装配 bean

package soundsystem;import static org.junit.Assert.*;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration(classes = CDplayerConfig.class)public class CDPlayerTest {    @Autowired    private CompactDisc cd;    @Test    public void cdShouldNotBeNull() {        assertNotNull(cd);    }}

- @RunWith 创建 Spring的应用上下文

- @ContextConfiguration 加载配置 --> 启用组件扫描 --> 扫描组件,发现带 @Component 注解的 CD实现类 --> 自动创建 bean 

- @Autowired 将 CD实现类 对象 注入到测试代码中

 

5、自动装配 bean 的数量是不限的

public class CDPlayerTest {    @Autowired    private CompactDisc cd;    @Autowired    private CompactDisc cd2;    @Autowired    private CompactDisc cd3;    @Autowired    .........    @Autowired    private CompactDisc cdn;    @Test    public void cdShouldNotBeNull() {        assertNotNull(cd);        assertNotNull(cd2);    }}

 

Spring 之自动化装配 bean 尝试