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Python闭包的高级应用-装饰器的实现

我们先看一个闭包的例子:

from time import ctimedef before_call(f):    def wrapped(*args, **kargs):        print before calling, now is %s % ctime()        return f(*args, **kargs)    return wrappeddef test(name):    print hello, %s % (name)if __name__ == __main__:    before_call(test)("lucky")

我们先看运行结果:

~/Documents/py python 2.py before calling, now is Sat Dec 27 21:30:18 2014hello, lucky

上面的代码使用了闭包,因为子函数wrapped将父函数的内部变量f与之绑定。

这样,wrapped这个闭包函数,实际上先打印时间,然后调用f,所以正如结果打印的一般,before_call起到的是一种装饰的作用

 

这里我扩展它的功能,增加一个调用函数后,打印时间:

from time import ctimedef before_call(f):    def wrapped(*args, **kargs):        print before calling, now is %s % ctime()        return f(*args, **kargs)    return wrappeddef after_call(f):    def wrapped(*args, **kargs):        try:            return f(*args, **kargs)        finally:            print after calling, now is %s % ctime()    return wrappeddef test(name):    print hello, %s % (name)if __name__ == __main__:    before_call(test)("lucky")    after_call(test)("peter")    before_call(after_call(test))("john")    after_call(before_call(test))(marry)

运行结果为:

~/Documents/py python 2.py before calling, now is Sat Dec 27 21:37:24 2014hello, luckyhello, peterafter calling, now is Sat Dec 27 21:37:24 2014before calling, now is Sat Dec 27 21:37:24 2014hello, johnafter calling, now is Sat Dec 27 21:37:24 2014before calling, now is Sat Dec 27 21:37:24 2014hello, marryafter calling, now is Sat Dec 27 21:37:24 2014

运行结果是正确的。注意最后两个,顺序交换了,对结果无影响。

 

下面我们再包装一层:

def after_call():    def after(f):        def wrapped(*args, **kargs):            try:                return f(*args, **kargs)            finally:                print after calling, now is %s % ctime()        return wrapped    return afterdef before_call():    def before(f):        def wrapped(*args, **kargs):            print before calling, now is %s % ctime()            return f(*args, **kargs)        return wrapped    return before

那么如何使用呢?这里就是python装饰器的语法,

如果我们这样使用:

@before_call()def test(name):    print hello, %s % (name)if __name__ == __main__:    test("lucky")

注意test函数前加了装饰的符号。

还可以这样:

@after_call()def test(name):    print hello, %s % (name)

甚至可以嵌套多层:

@before_call()@after_call()def test(name):    print hello, %s % (name)

 

这就是python中装饰器的原理,内部采用了闭包。

Python闭包的高级应用-装饰器的实现