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Memcached、Redis OR Tair

一、前言

  非关系型数据库(NoSQL = Not Only SQL)的产品非常多,常见的有Memcached、Redis、MongoDB等优秀开源项目,相关概念和资料网上也非常丰富,不再重复描述,本文主要引入Memcached和Redis与淘宝开源Tair分布式存储进行对比测试,由于各自适用场景不同,且每个产品的可配置参数繁多,涉及缓存策略、分布算法、序列化方式、数据压缩技术、通信方式、并发、超时等诸多方面因素,都会对测试结果产生影响,单纯的性能对比存在非常多的局限性和不合理性,所以不能作为任何评估依据,仅供参考,加深对各自产品的理解。以下是一些基本认识:

  1、尽管 Memcached 和 Redis 都标识为Distribute,但从Server端本身而言它们并不提供分布式的解决方案,需要Client端实现一定的分布算法将数据存储到各个节点,从而实现分布式存储,两者都提供了Replication功能(Master-Slave)保障可靠性。

  2、Tair 则本身包含 Config Server 和 Data Server 采用一致性哈希算法分布数据存储,由ConfigSever来管理所有数据节点,理论上服务器端节点的维护对前端应用不会产生任何影响,同时数据能按指定复制到不同的DataServer保障可靠性,从Cluster角度来看属于一个整体Solution,组件图参照上一篇博文(http://www.cnblogs.com/lengfo/p/4171655.html)。

  基于此,本文设定了实验环境都使用同一台机器进行 Memcached、Redis 和 Tair 的单Server部署测试。

 

二、前置条件

1、虚拟机环境(OS:CentOS6.5,CPU:2 Core,Memory:4G)

2、软件环境

  Sever Client
 Memcached Memcached 1.4.21 Xmemcached 2.0.0
 Redis Redis 2.8.19 Jedis 2.8.5
 Tair Tair 2.3 Tair Client 2.3.1

3、服务器配置,单一服务器通过配置尽可能让资源分配一致(由于各个产品服务器端的配置相对复杂,不再单独列出,以下仅描述内存、连接等基本配置)

  IP_Port Memory_Size Max_Connection 备注
 Memcached 10.129.221.70:12000 1024MB 2048 
 Redis 10.129.221.70:6379 1gb(1000000000byte) 10000(默认) 
 Tair Config Server 10.129.221.70:5198   
 Tair Data Server 10.129.221.70:5191 1024MB  使用mdb存储引擎

 

三、用例场景,分别使用单线程和多线程进行测试

1、从数据库读取一组数据缓存(SET)到每个缓存服务器,其中对于每个Server的写入数据是完全一致的,不设置过期时间,进行如下测试。

  1)单线程进行1次写入

  2)单线程进行500次写入

  3)单线程进行2000次写入

  4)并行500个线程,每个线程进行1次写入

  5)并行500个线程,每个线程进行5次写入

  6)并行2000个线程,每个线程进行1次写入

2、分别从每个缓存服务器读取(GET)数据,其中对于每个Server的读取数据大小是完全一致的,进行如下测试。

  1)单线程进行1次读取

  2)单线程进行500次读取

  3)单线程进行2000次读取

  4)并行500个线程,每个线程进行1次读取

  5)并行500个线程,每个线程进行5次读取

  6)并行2000个线程,每个线程进行1次读取

 

四、单线程测试

1、缓存Model对象(OrderInfo)的定义参照tbOrder表(包括单据号、制单日期、商品、数量等字段)

2、单线程的读写操作对于代码的要求相对较低,不需要考虑Pool,主要代码如下:

  1)Memcached单线程读写,使用二进制方式序列化,不启用压缩。

技术分享
 1 public static void putItems2Memcache(List<OrderInfo> orders) throws Exception { 2         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null; 3         try { 4             MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("10.129.221.70:12000")); 5             builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory()); 6             memcachedClient = builder.build(); 7  8             for (OrderInfo order : orders) { 9                 boolean isSuccess = memcachedClient.set("order_" + order.BillNumber, 0, order);10                 if (!isSuccess) {11                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + isSuccess);12                 }13             }14         } catch (Exception ex) {15             ex.printStackTrace();16         } finally {17             memcachedClient.shutdown();18         }19     }20 21     public static void getItemsFromMemcache(List<String> billNumbers) throws Exception {22         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null;23         try {24             MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("10.129.221.70:12000"));25             builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory());26             memcachedClient = builder.build();27 28             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {29                 OrderInfo result = memcachedClient.get(billnumber);30 31                 if (result == null) {32                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");33                 }34             }35         } catch (Exception ex) {36             ex.printStackTrace();37         } finally {38             memcachedClient.shutdown();39         }40     }
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  2)Redis单线程读写,由于Jedis Client 不支持对象的序列化,需要自行实现对象序列化(本文使用二进制方式)。

技术分享
 1 public static void putItems2Redis(List<OrderInfo> orders) { 2         Jedis jedis = new Jedis("10.129.221.70", 6379); 3  4         try { 5             jedis.connect(); 6  7             for (OrderInfo order : orders) { 8                 String StatusCode = jedis.set(("order_" + order.BillNumber).getBytes(), SerializeUtil.serialize(order)); 9                 if (!StatusCode.equals("OK")) {10                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + StatusCode);11                 }12             }13         } catch (Exception ex) {14             ex.printStackTrace();15         } finally {16             jedis.close();17         }18     }19 20     public static void getItemsFromRedis(List<String> billNumbers) {21         Jedis jedis = new Jedis("10.129.221.70", 6379);22 23         try {24             jedis.connect();25 26             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {27                 byte[] result = jedis.get(billnumber.getBytes());28                 if (result.length > 0) {29                     OrderInfo order = (OrderInfo) SerializeUtil.unserialize(result);30                     if (order == null) {31                         System.out.println(" unserialize failed : " + billnumber);32                     }33                 } else {34                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");35                 }36             }37         } catch (Exception ex) {38             ex.printStackTrace();39         } finally {40             jedis.close();41         }42     }
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     序列化代码

技术分享
 1 package common; 2  3 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; 4 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; 5 import java.io.ObjectInputStream; 6 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; 7  8 public class SerializeUtil { 9 10     /**11      * 序列化12      * @param object13      * @return14      */15     public static byte[] serialize(Object object) {16         ObjectOutputStream oos = null;17         ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;18 19         try { 20             baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();21             oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);22             oos.writeObject(object);23             byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();24             return bytes;25         } catch (Exception e) {26             e.printStackTrace();27         }28         return null;29     }30 31     /**32      * 反序列化33      * @param bytes34      * @return35      */36     public static Object unserialize(byte[] bytes) {37         ByteArrayInputStream bais = null;38         try {39             bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);40             ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);41             return ois.readObject();42         } catch (Exception e) {43             e.printStackTrace();44         }45 46         return null;47     }48 }
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  3)Tair单线程读写,使用Java序列化,默认压缩阀值为8192字节,但本文测试的每个写入项都不会超过这个阀值,所以不受影响。

 1 public static void putItems2Tair(List<OrderInfo> orders) { 2         try { 3             List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>(); 4             confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5198"); 5             //confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5200"); 6  7             DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager(); 8             tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers); 9             tairManager.setGroupName("group_1");10             tairManager.init();11 12             for (OrderInfo order : orders) {13                 ResultCode result = tairManager.put(0, "order_" + order.BillNumber, order);14                 if (!result.isSuccess()) {15                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + result.isSuccess() + " code:" + result.getCode());16                 }17             }18         } catch (Exception ex) {19             ex.printStackTrace();20         }21     }22 23     public static void getItemsFromTair(List<String> billNumbers) {24         try {25             List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>();26             confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5198");27             //confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5200");28 29             DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager();30             tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers);31             tairManager.setGroupName("group_1");32             tairManager.init();33 34             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {35                 Result<DataEntry> result = tairManager.get(0, billnumber);36                 if (result.isSuccess()) {37                     DataEntry entry = result.getValue();38                     if (entry == null) {39                         System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");40                     }41                 } else {42                     System.out.println(result.getRc().getMessage());43                 }44             }45         } catch (Exception ex) {46             ex.printStackTrace();47         }48     }

 3、测试结果,每项重复测试取平均值

技术分享

 

技术分享

 

五、多线程测试

1、除了多线程相关代码外的公共代码和单线程基本一致,多线程测试主要增加了Client部分代码对ConnectionPool、TimeOut相关设置,池策略、大小都会对性能产生很大影响,为了达到更高的性能,不同的使用场景下都需要有科学合理的测算。

2、主要测试代码

  1)每个读写测试线程任务完成后统一调用公共Callback,在每批测试任务完成后记录消耗时间

技术分享
 1 package common; 2  3 public class ThreadCallback { 4  5     public static int CompleteCounter = 0; 6     public static int failedCounter = 0; 7  8     public static synchronized void OnException() { 9         failedCounter++;10     }11 12     public static synchronized void OnComplete(String msg, int totalThreadCount, long startMili) {13         CompleteCounter++;14         if (CompleteCounter == totalThreadCount) {15             long endMili = System.currentTimeMillis();16             System.out.println("(总共" + totalThreadCount + "个线程 ) " + msg + "  ,总耗时为:" + (endMili - startMili) + "毫秒 ,发生异常线程数:" + failedCounter);17             CompleteCounter = 0;18             failedCounter = 0;19         }20     }21 }
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  2)Memcached多线程读写,使用XMemcached客户端连接池,主要设置连接池大小ConnectionPoolSize=5,连接超时时间ConnectTimeout=2000ms,测试结果要求没有超时异常线程。

    测试方法

技术分享
 1         /*-------------------Memcached(多线程初始化)--------------------*/ 2         MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("192.168.31.191:12000")); 3         builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory()); 4         builder.setConnectionPoolSize(5); 5         builder.setConnectTimeout(2000); 6         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = builder.build(); 7         memcachedClient.setOpTimeout(2000); 8  9         /*-------------------Memcached(多线程写入)--------------------*/10         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(5);11         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();12         totalThreadCount = 500;13         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {14             MemcachePutter putter = new MemcachePutter();15             putter.OrderList = orders;16             putter.Namesapce = i;17             putter.startMili = startMili;18             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;19             putter.memcachedClient = memcachedClient;20 21             Thread th = new Thread(putter);22             th.start();23         }24 25                 //读取代码基本一致
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     线程任务类

技术分享
 1 public class MemcachePutter implements Runnable { 2     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList; 3     public int Namesapce; 4     public int TotalThreadCount; 5     public long startMili; 6     public MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null; // 线程安全的? 7  8     @Override 9     public void run() {10         try {11             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {12                 boolean isSuccess = memcachedClient.set("order_" + order.BillNumber, 0, order);13                  if (!isSuccess) {14                 System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + isSuccess);15                 }16             }17         } catch (Exception ex) {18             ex.printStackTrace();19             ThreadCallback.OnException();20         } finally {21             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Memcached 每个线程进行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [写入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);22         }23     }24 }25 26 27 28 public class MemcacheGetter implements Runnable {29 30     public List<String> billnumbers;31     public long startMili;32     public int TotalThreadCount;33     public MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null; // 线程安全的?34 35     @Override36     public void run() {37         try {38             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {39                 OrderInfo result = memcachedClient.get(billnumber);40                 if (result == null) {41                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");42                 }43             }44         } catch (Exception ex) {45             ex.printStackTrace();46             ThreadCallback.OnException();47         } finally {48             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Memcached 每个线程进行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [读取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);49         }50     }51 }
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  3)Redis多线程读写,使用Jedis客户端连接池,从源码可以看出依赖与Apache.Common.Pool2,主要设置连接池MaxTotal=5,连接超时时间Timeout=2000ms,测试结果要求没有超时异常线程。

    测试方法

技术分享
 1         /*-------------------Redis(多线程初始化)--------------------*/ 2         GenericObjectPoolConfig config = new GenericObjectPoolConfig(); 3         config.setMaxTotal(5); 4         JedisPool jpool = new JedisPool(config, "192.168.31.191", 6379, 2000); 5  6         /*-------------------Redis(多线程写入)--------------------*/ 7         totalThreadCount = 2000; 8         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(1); 9         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();10         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {11             RedisPutter putter = new RedisPutter();12             putter.OrderList = orders;13             putter.Namesapce = i;14             putter.startMili = startMili;15             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;16             putter.jpool = jpool;17 18             Thread th = new Thread(putter);19             th.start();20         }
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     线程任务类

技术分享
 1 public class RedisPutter implements Runnable { 2  3     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList; 4     public int Namesapce; 5     public int TotalThreadCount; 6     public long startMili; 7     public JedisPool jpool; 8  9     @Override10     public void run() {11         Jedis jedis = jpool.getResource();12 13         try {14             jedis.connect();15 16             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {17                 String StatusCode = jedis.set(("order_" + order.BillNumber).getBytes(), SerializeUtil.serialize(order));18                 if (!StatusCode.equals("OK")) {19                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + StatusCode);20                 }21             }22         } catch (Exception ex) {23             // ex.printStackTrace();24             jpool.returnBrokenResource(jedis);25             ThreadCallback.OnException();26         } finally {27             jpool.returnResource(jedis);28             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Redis 每个线程进行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [写入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);29         }30     }31 }32 33 34 35 public class RedisGetter implements Runnable {36     public List<String> billnumbers;37     public long startMili;38     public int TotalThreadCount;39     public JedisPool jpool;40 41     @Override42     public void run() {43         Jedis jedis = jpool.getResource();44 45         try {46             jedis.connect();47             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {48                 byte[] result = jedis.get(billnumber.getBytes());49                 if (result.length > 0) {50                     OrderInfo order = (OrderInfo) SerializeUtil.unserialize(result);51                     if (order == null) {52                         System.out.println(" unserialize failed : " + billnumber);53                     }54                 } else {55                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");56                 }57             }58         } catch (Exception ex) {59             // ex.printStackTrace();60             jpool.returnBrokenResource(jedis);61             ThreadCallback.OnException();62         } finally {63             jpool.returnResource(jedis);64             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Redis 每个线程进行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [读取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);65         }66     }67 }
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  4)Tair多线程读写,使用官方Tair-Client,可设置参数MaxWaitThread主要指最大等待线程数,当超过这个数量的线程在等待时,新的请求将直接返回超时,本文测试设置MaxWaitThread=100,连接超时时间Timeout=2000ms,测试结果要求没有超时异常线程。

    测试方法

 1      /*-------------------Tair(多线程初始化tairManager)--------------------*/ 2         List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>(); 3         confServers.add("192.168.31.191:5198"); 4         DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager(); 5         tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers); 6         tairManager.setGroupName("group_1"); 7         tairManager.setMaxWaitThread(100);// 最大等待线程数,当超过这个数量的线程在等待时,新的请求将直接返回超时 8         tairManager.setTimeout(2000);// 请求的超时时间,单位为毫秒 9         tairManager.init();10 11         /*-------------------Tair(多线程写入)--------------------*/12         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(5);13         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();14         totalThreadCount = 500;15         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {16             TairPutter putter = new TairPutter();17             putter.OrderList = orders;18             putter.Namesapce = i;19             putter.startMili = startMili;20             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;21             putter.tairManager = tairManager;22 23             Thread th = new Thread(putter);24             th.start();25         }26      /*-------------------Tair(多线程读取)--------------------*/27         //读取代码基本一致

     线程任务类

 1 public class TairGetter implements Runnable { 2     public List<String> billnumbers; 3     public long startMili; 4     public int TotalThreadCount; 5     public DefaultTairManager tairManager; 6  7     @Override 8     public void run() { 9         try {10             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {11                 Result<DataEntry> result = tairManager.get(0, billnumber);12                 if (result.isSuccess()) {13                     DataEntry entry = result.getValue();14                     if (entry == null) {15                         System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");16                     }17                 } else {18                     System.out.println(result.getRc().getMessage());19                 }20             }21         } catch (Exception ex) {22             // ex.printStackTrace();23             ThreadCallback.OnException();24         } finally {25             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Tair 每个线程进行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [读取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);26         }27     }28 }29 30 31 32 public class TairPutter implements Runnable {33 34     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList;35     public int Namesapce;36     public int TotalThreadCount;37     public long startMili;38     public DefaultTairManager tairManager;39 40     @Override41     public void run() {42         try {43             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {44                 ResultCode result = tairManager.put(0, "order_" + order.BillNumber, order);45                 if (!result.isSuccess()) {46                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + result.isSuccess() + " code:" + result.getCode());47                 }48             }49         } catch (Exception ex) {50             // ex.printStackTrace();51             ThreadCallback.OnException();52         } finally {53             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Tair 每个线程进行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [写入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);54         }55     }56 }

 

 3、测试结果,每项重复测试取平均值

技术分享

 

技术分享

 

六、Memcached、Redis、Tair 都非常优秀

   Redis在单线程环境下的性能表现非常突出,但在并行环境下则没有很大的优势,是JedisPool或者CommonPool的性能瓶颈还是我测试代码的问题请麻烦告之,过程中修改setMaxTotal,setMaxIdle都没有太大的改观。 

   Tair由于需要在服务器端实现数据分布等相关算法,所以在测试对比中性能有所损耗应该也很好理解。   

   如之前所言,每个技术本身的原理、策略、适用场景各不相同,尽管以上测试方法已经考虑了很多影响因素,但任然可能存在不足之处,所以类似的对比缺乏合理性,Tair还有2种存储引擎没有测试,而且以上都基于单机环境测试,在Cluster环境下可能也会有差别,所以结果仅供参考,不作任何评估依据。

七、向开源工作者和组织致敬,@Memcached @Redis @Tair @Jedis @Xmemcached,感谢对开源事业作出的任何贡献

八、祝2015新年快乐,Happy New Year

 

Memcached、Redis OR Tair