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C++语言基础(22)-转换构造函数和类型转换函数
一.转换构造函数
将其它类型转换为当前类类型需要借助转换构造函数(Conversion constructor)。转换构造函数也是一种构造函数,它遵循构造函数的一般规则。转换构造函数只有一个参数。
#include <iostream>using namespace std;//复数类class Complex{public: Complex(): m_real(0.0), m_imag(0.0){ } Complex(double real, double imag): m_real(real), m_imag(imag){ } Complex(double real): m_real(real), m_imag(0.0){ } //转换构造函数public: friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, Complex &c); //友元函数private: double m_real; //实部 double m_imag; //虚部};//重载>>运算符ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, Complex &c){ out << c.m_real <<" + "<< c.m_imag <<"i";; return out;}int main(){ Complex a(10.0, 20.0); cout<<a<<endl; a = 25.5; //调用转换构造函数 cout<<a<<endl; return 0;}
运行结果:
10 + 20i
25.5 + 0i
二.类型转换函数
#include <iostream>using namespace std;//复数类class Complex{public: Complex(): m_real(0.0), m_imag(0.0){ } Complex(double real, double imag): m_real(real), m_imag(imag){ }public: friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, Complex &c); friend Complex operator+(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2); operator double() const { return m_real; } //类型转换函数private: double m_real; //实部 double m_imag; //虚部};//重载>>运算符ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, Complex &c){ out << c.m_real <<" + "<< c.m_imag <<"i";; return out;}//重载+运算符Complex operator+(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2){ Complex c; c.m_real = c1.m_real + c2.m_real; c.m_imag = c1.m_imag + c2.m_imag; return c;}int main(){ Complex c1(24.6, 100); double f = c1; //相当于 double f = Complex::operator double(&c1); cout<<"f = "<<f<<endl; f = 12.5 + c1 + 6; //相当于 f = 12.5 + Complex::operator double(&c1) + 6; cout<<"f = "<<f<<endl; int n = Complex(43.2, 9.3); //先转换为 double,再转换为 int cout<<"n = "<<n<<endl; return 0;}
运行结果:
f = 24.6
f = 43.1
n = 43
注意:最好不要同时使用转换构造函数和类型转换函数,因为这样会导致语义的二义性。
C++语言基础(22)-转换构造函数和类型转换函数
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