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Linux互斥与同步应用（五）：system V信号量的互斥与同步
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system V信号量操作类似于posix信号量，但system V信号量的操作要复杂得多，posix信号量使用步骤为sem_init（sem_open）-->sem_wait(sem_post) --> sem_close详见上一节，system V使用不同的函数。
1. 创建和打开信号量函数：semget()。
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
int semget(key_t key, int nsems, int semflg);key为ftok返回值或IPC_PRIVATE；
nsems为指定信号量集合中信号量的数量，一旦创建就不能更改，需要大于0，如果等于0则方位一个已存在的集合。
semflg为读写权限值组合。IPC_CREAT（创建新的信号量集合）或IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL（当将要创建的信号量集合已经存在时，再试图创建将返回EEXIST）。其实IPC_CREAT和IPC_EXCL的组合和open函数的O_CREAT和O_EXCL组合类似。
2. 对象信号集合进行操作函数：semctl()。
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
int semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, ...);semid为信号量标识，函数semget的返回值。
semnum为信号在信号集合中的序号。
cmd为操作的命令：
GETVAL - 返回指定信号量当前值；
SETVAL - 设置指定信号量的值；
IPC_RMIN - 删除信号量集合。
其余命令详见man手册。
初始化一个system V信号量如下：
int sln_seminit(const char *filename, int initval)
{
int semid;
key_t keyid;
keyid = ftok(filename, 0);
if (keyid < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "ftok: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
semid = semget(keyid, 1, IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL);
if (semid >= 0) { // 创建成功，然后修改信号量的初始值为initval
printf("=== new sem create! ===\n");
if (semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, initval) < 0) {
printf("semctl: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
} else if (EEXIST == errno) { //信号量存在，则打开，再次修改信号量的初始值。
printf("=== open a exist sem! ===\n");
semid = semget(keyid, 0, 0);
if (semid < 0) {
printf("[%d] - semget: %s\n", __LINE__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
if (semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, initval) < 0) {
printf("semctl: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
} else { //create failed, other reason
printf("[%d] - semget: %s, semid: %d\n", __LINE__, strerror(errno), semid);
}
return semid;
}3.信号量PV操作函数：semop()，semtimedop()函数。
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
int semop(int semid, struct sembuf *sops, unsigned nsops);
int semtimedop(int semid, struct sembuf *sops, unsigned nsops, struct timespec *timeout);semid为信号量标识，函数semget的返回值；sops指向信号量操作结构数组指针；
nsops为指向数组中sembuf结构体个数。
struct sembuf {
short sem_num; // 要操作的信号量在信号量集里的编号，
short sem_op; // 信号量操作
short sem_flg; // 操作表示符
};
若sem_op 是正数，其值就加到semval上，即释放信号量控制的资源若sem_op 是0，那么调用者希望等到semval变为0，如果semval是0就返回;
若sem_op 是负数，那么调用者希望等待semval变为大于或等于sem_op的绝对值
P、V操作的实现为：
void sln_sem_wait(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(struct sembuf));
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = -1;
sb.sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(semid, &sb, 1) < 0) {
printf("shm lock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void sln_sem_post(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = 1;
sb.sem_flg = 0;
//sb.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
if (semop(semid, &sb, 1) < 0) {
printf("shm unlock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}示例代码：
服务进程：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h> //ftok()
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/shm.h> //shmat()
#include <unistd.h> //access()
#include <stdlib.h> // exit()
#include <signal.h> //signal()
#include "shmipc.h"
int sem_clt2ser, sem_ser2clt, sem_mutex_id;
int sln_shm_get(const char *filename, void **mem, int mem_len)
{
int shmid;
key_t shm_key;
shm_key = ftok(filename, 0);
if (shm_key < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "ftok: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
shmid = shmget(shm_key, mem_len, IPC_CREAT);
if (shmid < 0) {
printf("shmget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
*mem = (void *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
if ((void *)-1 == *mem) {
printf("shmat: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
// semget(shm_key, 1, IPC_CREAT);
return shmid;
}
void sln_sem_wait_timeout(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
struct timespec tp;
memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(struct sembuf));
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = -1;
sb.sem_flg = 0;
tp.tv_sec = time(NULL) + SEM_TIMEOUT_SEC;
tp.tv_nsec = 0;
if (semtimedop(semid, &sb, 1, &tp) < 0) {
printf("shm lock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void sln_sem_wait(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(struct sembuf));
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = -1;
sb.sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(semid, &sb, 1) < 0) {
printf("shm lock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void sln_sem_post(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = 1;
sb.sem_flg = 0;
//sb.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
if (semop(semid, &sb, 1) < 0) {
printf("shm unlock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void sln_shm_lock(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(struct sembuf));
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = -1;
//sb.sem_flg = 0;
sb.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
if (semop(semid, &sb, 1) < 0) {
printf("shm lock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void sln_shm_unlock(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = 1;
//sb.sem_flg = 0;
sb.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
if (semop(semid, &sb, 1) < 0) {
printf("shm unlock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
int sln_seminit(const char *filename, int initval)
{
int semid;
key_t keyid;
keyid = ftok(filename, 0);
if (keyid < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "ftok: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
semid = semget(keyid, 1, IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL);
if (semid >= 0) { // create success
printf("=== new sem create! ===\n");
if (semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, initval) < 0) {
printf("semctl: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
} else if (EEXIST == errno) { //exist, create failed!
printf("=== open a exist sem! ===\n");
semid = semget(keyid, 0, 0);
if (semid < 0) {
printf("[%d] - semget: %s\n", __LINE__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
if (semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, initval) < 0) {
printf("semctl: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
} else { //create failed, other reason
printf("[%d] - semget: %s, semid: %d\n", __LINE__, strerror(errno), semid);
}
return semid;
}
static void sln_create_not_exist_file(const char *filename)
{
FILE *fp = NULL;
if (access(filename, F_OK) < 0) {
fp = fopen(filename, "w+");
if (NULL == fp) {
fprintf(stderr, "fopen <%s> failed!\n", filename);
return;
}
fclose(fp);
}
}
static void sigint_func(int sig)
{
if (semctl(sem_clt2ser, 0, IPC_RMID) < 0) {
printf("semctl: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
if (semctl(sem_ser2clt, 0, IPC_RMID) < 0) {
printf("semctl: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
if (semctl(sem_mutex_id, 0, IPC_RMID) < 0) {
printf("semctl: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
exit(0);
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
char *str = NULL;
sln_create_not_exist_file(SLN_SEM_SERWAIT_FILEPATH);
sln_create_not_exist_file(SLN_SEM_CLTWAIT_FILEPATH);
sln_create_not_exist_file(SLN_SEM_MUTEX_FILEPATH);
sem_clt2ser = sln_seminit(SLN_SEM_SERWAIT_FILEPATH, 0);
if (sem_clt2ser < 0) {
printf("sync sem init failed!\n");
return -1;
}
sem_ser2clt = sln_seminit(SLN_SEM_CLTWAIT_FILEPATH, 0);
if (sem_clt2ser < 0) {
printf("sync sem init failed!\n");
return -1;
}
sem_mutex_id = sln_seminit(SLN_SEM_MUTEX_FILEPATH, 1);
if (sem_mutex_id < 0) {
printf("mutex sem init failed!\n");
return -1;
}
//signal(SIGINT, sigint_func);
for (;;) {
printf("--------start wait!---semval: %d------\n", semctl(sem_clt2ser, 0, GETVAL, 0));
sln_sem_wait(sem_clt2ser);
printf("=====stat handle!========\n");
sln_shm_lock(sem_mutex_id);
sln_shm_get(SLN_SEM_MUTEX_FILEPATH, (void **)&str, 32);
sleep(6);
printf("str: %s\n", str);
if (shmdt(str) < 0) {
printf("shmdt: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
sln_shm_unlock(sem_mutex_id);
printf("=====handle ok!========\n");
sln_sem_post(sem_ser2clt);
}
return 0;
}客户进程代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h> //ftok()
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include "shmipc.h"
int sln_shm_get(const char *filename, void **mem, int mem_len)
{
int shmid;
key_t shm_key;
shm_key = ftok(filename, 0);
if (shm_key < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "ftok: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
shmid = shmget(shm_key, mem_len, IPC_CREAT);
if (shmid < 0) {
printf("shmget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
*mem = (void *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
if ((void *)-1 == *mem) {
printf("shmat: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return shmid;
}
void sln_sem_wait_timeout(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
struct timespec tp;
memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(struct sembuf));
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = -1;
sb.sem_flg = 0;
tp.tv_sec = time(NULL) + SEM_TIMEOUT_SEC;
tp.tv_nsec = 0;
/*
if (semtimedop(semid, &sb, 1, &tp) < 0) {
printf("shm lock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
*/
if (semop(semid, &sb, 1) < 0) {
printf("shm lock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void sln_sem_wait(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(struct sembuf));
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = -1;
sb.sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(semid, &sb, 1) < 0) {
printf("shm lock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void sln_sem_post(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = 1;
sb.sem_flg = 0;
//sb.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
if (semop(semid, &sb, 1) < 0) {
printf("shm unlock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void sln_shm_lock(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(struct sembuf));
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = -1;
sb.sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(semid, &sb, 1) < 0) {
printf("shm lock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void sln_shm_unlock(int semid)
{
struct sembuf sb;
sb.sem_num = SLN_SEM_NUM;
sb.sem_op = 1;
sb.sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(semid, &sb, 1) < 0) {
printf("shm unlock error! semop: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
int sln_semget(const char *filename)
{
int semid;
key_t keyid;
keyid = ftok(filename, 0);
if (keyid < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "ftok: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return semget(keyid, 0, 0);
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
char *str = NULL;
int sem_clt2ser, sem_ser2clt, sem_mutex_id;
sem_clt2ser = sln_semget(SLN_SEM_SERWAIT_FILEPATH);
if (sem_clt2ser < 0) {
printf("semget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
sem_ser2clt = sln_semget(SLN_SEM_CLTWAIT_FILEPATH);
if (sem_ser2clt < 0) {
printf("semget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
sem_mutex_id = sln_semget(SLN_SEM_MUTEX_FILEPATH);
if (sem_mutex_id < 0) {
printf("mutex sem failed!\n");
return -1;
}
printf("--------cli wait!-sem_mutex_id: %d--------\n", sem_mutex_id);
sln_shm_lock(sem_mutex_id);
printf("--------cli wait ok !---------\n");
sln_shm_get(SLN_SEM_MUTEX_FILEPATH, (void **)&str, 32);
strcpy(str, argv[1]);
sln_shm_unlock(sem_mutex_id);
sln_sem_post(sem_clt2ser);
sln_sem_wait(sem_ser2clt);
printf("=========set: %s=========\n", str);
return 0;
}源码下载：
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Linux互斥与同步应用（五）：system V信号量的互斥与同步
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