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c#设计模式·结构型模式

2024-10-25 23:18:02   205人阅读

看的过程中，发现好多模式都用过，只是没有总结，或者是不知道叫这个名字吧···

这里列举结构型模式，适配器、桥接、过滤、组合、装饰器、外观、享元、代理，

适配器模式：将现存的对象放到新的环境里边去，但是接口不一样，其实就是添加一个类把新的接口包装一样

之前公司的wcf服务端就是这种模式，公司很多部门，不同部门不同的业务都有自己相应的服务，之前是分开的，用的服务多的时候开服务很麻烦，现在想把他们统一起来，就可以用这种方式，wcf服务以接口定义契约，在实现类中写具体业务，可以定义一个统一的空接口，然所有的wcf接口都继承该空接口，然后统一后的类通过适配器构造相应的服务对象，然后加载，适配器里边可以通过统一的空接口反射获取对象，也可以直接通过不同服务的程序集名及类名获取对象，这样连统一接口都不用

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ExercisePrj.Dsignmode
{
    //统一接口
    public interface IMediaPlayer
    {
         void Play(string audioType, string filename);
    }
    //播放接口
    public interface IAdvanceMediaPlayer
    {
        void PlayVlc(string filename);
        void PlayMp4(string filename);
    }
    public class VlcPlayer :IAdvanceMediaPlayer
    {
        public void PlayVlc(string filename)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("play vlc");
        }
        public void PlayMp4(string filename)
        {

        }
    }
    public class Mp4Player:IAdvanceMediaPlayer
    {
        public void PlayVlc(string filename)
        {

        }
        public void PlayMp4(string filename)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("play mp4");
        }
    }
    //适配器类
    public class MediaAdapter : IMediaPlayer
    {
        IAdvanceMediaPlayer advancedMusicPlayer;
       public MediaAdapter(String audioType)
        {
            if (audioType=="vlc")
            {
                advancedMusicPlayer = new VlcPlayer();
            }
            else if (audioType=="mp4")
            {
                advancedMusicPlayer = new Mp4Player();
            }
        }

       public void Play(String audioType, String fileName)
        {
            if (audioType=="vlc")
            {
                advancedMusicPlayer.PlayVlc(fileName);
            }
            else if (audioType=="mp4")
            {
                advancedMusicPlayer.PlayMp4(fileName);
            }
        }
    }
    //实体类
    public class AutoPaly : IMediaPlayer
    {
        MediaAdapter mediaAdapter;
        public void Play(String audioType, String fileName)
        {
            if (audioType == "mp3")
            {
                Console.WriteLine("play mp3");
            }
            else if (audioType == "vlc" || audioType == "mp4")
            {
                mediaAdapter = new MediaAdapter(audioType);
                mediaAdapter.Play(audioType, fileName);
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("invalid mediatype");
            }
        }
    }
}

桥接模式：将抽象部分和实现部分分离，使他们可以独立变化，就是吧具体操作再抽象成接口，然后实现该接口，通过关联关系吧操作和实体结合，构造实体的时候根据情况构造对应的操作的实现类，传给实体

这玩意对抽象的设计要求有点高，一不小心就得跪

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ExercisePrj.Dsignmode
{
    //桥接接口
    public interface IDrawAPI
    {
        void DrawCircle(int radius, int x, int y);
    }
    //具体实现
    public class GreenCircle:IDrawAPI
    {
        public void DrawCircle(int radius,int x,int y)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("draw green circle");
        }
    }
    public class RedCircle : IDrawAPI
    {
        public void DrawCircle(int radius, int x, int y)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("draw red circle,x{0},y{1}",x,y);
        }
    }
    //实体抽象基类
    public abstract class ShapeEx
    {
        protected IDrawAPI drawAPI;
        protected ShapeEx(IDrawAPI drawAPI)
        {
            this.drawAPI = drawAPI;
        }
        public abstract void Draw();
    }
    //继承实体实现类
    public class CircleEx : ShapeEx
    {
        public int x { get; set; }
        public int y { get; set; }
        public int radius { get; set; }
        private string color;
        //演示实现享元模式的构造函数
        public CircleEx(string color):base(null)
        {
            this.color = color;
            drawAPI = new RedCircle();
        }
        public CircleEx(int x, int y, int radius,IDrawAPI drawapi ):base(drawapi)
        {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
            this.radius = radius;
        }

        public override void Draw()
        {
            drawAPI.DrawCircle(radius, x, y);
        }
    } 

}

过滤器模式：允许开发人员使用不同的标准过滤一组对象，通过逻辑运算以解耦的方式把他们连接起来，讲道理没看懂这模式有啥卵用，就是整了个过滤接口·然后用不同的实现继承该接口提一堆对象出来···这提了干啥··

这例子里边的直接用C#的linq扩展方法简单几句话就可以实现额。。。搞不懂··

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ExercisePrj.Dsignmode
{
    //实体
    public class Person
    {
        public string Name { get; }
        public string Gender { get; }
        public string MaritalStatus { get; }
        public Person(string name,string gender,string maritalstatus)
        {
            Name = name;
            Gender = gender;
            MaritalStatus = maritalstatus;
        }
    }
    //过滤标准接口
    public interface ICriteria
    {
        List<Person> MeetCriteria(List<Person> persons);
    }
    //不同标准实现
    public class CriteriaMale:ICriteria
    {
        public List<Person> MeetCriteria(List<Person> persons)
        {
            List<Person> maleCriterial = new List<Person>();
            foreach(var p in persons)
            {
                if(p.Gender=="male")
                {
                    maleCriterial.Add(p);
                }
            }
            return maleCriterial;
        }
    }
    public class CriteriaFemale : ICriteria
    {
        public List<Person> MeetCriteria(List<Person> persons)
        {
            List<Person> femaleCriterial = new List<Person>();
            foreach (var p in persons)
            {
                if (p.Gender == "female")
                {
                    femaleCriterial.Add(p);
                }
            }
            return femaleCriterial;
        }
    }
    public class CriteriaSingle : ICriteria
    {
        public List<Person> MeetCriteria(List<Person> persons)
        {
            List<Person> Criterialsingle = new List<Person>();
            foreach (var p in persons)
            {
                if (p.MaritalStatus ==  "Single")
                {
                    Criterialsingle.Add(p);
                }
            }
            return Criterialsingle;
        }
    }
    public class AndCriteria : ICriteria
    {
        private ICriteria criteria;
        private ICriteria otherCriteria;

        public AndCriteria(ICriteria criteria, ICriteria otherCriteria)
        {
            this.criteria = criteria;
            this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria;
        }
        public List<Person> MeetCriteria(List<Person> persons)
        {
            List<Person> firstCriteriaPersons = criteria.MeetCriteria(persons);
            return otherCriteria.MeetCriteria(firstCriteriaPersons);
        }
    }

    public class OrCriteria :ICriteria
    {
       private ICriteria criteria;
        private ICriteria otherCriteria;

        public OrCriteria(ICriteria criteria, ICriteria otherCriteria)
        {
            this.criteria = criteria;
            this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria;
        }

       public List<Person> MeetCriteria(List<Person> persons)
        {
            List<Person> firstCriteriaItems = criteria.MeetCriteria(persons);
            List<Person> otherCriteriaItems = otherCriteria.MeetCriteria(persons);
            foreach (Person p  in  otherCriteriaItems)
            {
                if (!firstCriteriaItems.Contains(p))
                {
                    firstCriteriaItems.Add(p);
                }
            }
            return firstCriteriaItems;
        }
    }
}

组合模式：又叫部分整体模式，有些实体存在可能的树形结构，就用这种模式，这个其实用的比较多，比如用仪器测数据，有些仪器一次就一个仪器就可以了，有些仪器可能需要几个仪器组合起来才能测，还有公司里的雇员结构也是这样的

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ExercisePrj.Dsignmode
{
    public class Employee
    {
        private String name;
        private String dept;
        private int salary;
        private List<Employee> subordinates;
        public Employee(String name, String dept, int sal)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.dept = dept;
            this.salary = sal;
            subordinates = new List<Employee>();
        }

        public void add(Employee e)
        {
            subordinates.Add(e);
        }

        public void remove(Employee e)
        {
            subordinates.Remove(e);
        }

        public List<Employee> getSubordinates()
        {
            return subordinates;
        }

        public override string  ToString()
        {
            return ("Employee :[ Name : " + name+ ", dept : " + dept + ", salary :" + salary + " ]");
        }
    }
}

装饰器模式，向现有的对象添加新的功能，不改变原有结构，这玩意就是C#的扩展方法的应用场景额。。。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ExercisePrj.Dsignmode
{
    //装饰抽象类
    public abstract class ShapeDecorator : IShape
    {
       protected IShape decoratedShape;

        public ShapeDecorator(IShape decoratedShape)
        {
            this.decoratedShape = decoratedShape;
        }

        public virtual void Draw()
        {
            decoratedShape.Draw();
        }
    }
    //装饰实现类
    public class RedShapeDecorator : ShapeDecorator
    {
   
       public RedShapeDecorator(IShape decoratedShape):base(decoratedShape)
        {
            
        }
       public override void Draw()
        {
            decoratedShape.Draw();
            setRedBorder(decoratedShape);
        }

        private void setRedBorder(IShape decoratedShape)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Border Color: Red");
        }
    }
    //用扩展方法的方式直接实现
    public static class ShapeExpend
    {
        public static void SetColor(this IShape shape)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("border Color: Red"); 
        }
    }

}

外观模式：就是用个类把一些复杂的功能包装一下··很多地方都有这个的体现··mvc传统的三层架构都是这玩意的体现···

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ExercisePrj.Dsignmode
{
    //外观类
    public class ShapeMaker
    {
        private IShape circle;
        private IShape line;

        public ShapeMaker()
        {
            circle = new Circle();
            line = new Line();
        }

        public void drawCircle()
        {
            circle.Draw();
        }
        public void drawLine()
        {
            line.Draw();
        }
    }
}

享元模式：用于减少创建对象，减少内存和提高性能，就是缓存用过的对象，下次要用就在里边找，没有就新建添加··，没用过···，可能是没做过大型的项目···

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ExercisePrj.Dsignmode
{
    //享元模式的工厂类
    public class ShapeFlyweight
    {
        private static readonly Dictionary<string, ShapeEx> circleMap = new Dictionary<string, ShapeEx>();

        public static ShapeEx getCircle(string color)
        {
            CircleEx circle;

            if (!circleMap.Keys.Contains(color))
            {
                circle = new CircleEx(color);
                circleMap.Add(color, circle);
                Console.WriteLine("Creating circle of color : " + color);
                return circle;
            }
            else
            {
                circle=(CircleEx)circleMap[color];
            }
            return circle;
        }
    }
}

代理模式:相当于在类外边加壳，各种代理都是该模式的体现···主要是为了控制外界对类的操作吧。

博客园这个添加代码窗体里边的那个提交按钮没有做多次点击处理···点快点可以提交几次·····

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ExercisePrj.Dsignmode
{
    public interface IImage
    {
        void Display();
    }
    public class RealImage:IImage
    {
        private string filename;
        public RealImage(string filename)
        {
            this.filename = filename;
            loadfile(filename);
        }
        public void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("display:"+filename);
        }
        private void loadfile(string filename)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("loadfile");
        }
    }
    //代理类
    public class ProxyImage : IImage
    {

       private RealImage realImage;
        private String fileName;

        public ProxyImage(String fileName)
        {
            this.fileName = fileName;
        }

       public void Display()
        {
            if (realImage == null)
            {
                realImage = new RealImage(fileName);
            }
            realImage.Display();
        }
    }
}

 

c#设计模式·结构型模式


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