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python标准库Beautiful Soup与MongoDb爬喜马拉雅电台的总结
Beautiful Soup标准库是一个可以从HTML/XML文件中提取数据的Python库,它能够通过你喜欢的转换器实现惯用的文档导航,查找,修改文档的方式,Beautiful Soup将会节省数小时的工作时间。pymongo标准库是MongoDb NoSql数据库与python语言之间的桥梁,通过pymongo将数据保存到MongoDb中。结合使用这两者来爬去喜马拉雅电台的数据...
Beautiful Soup支持Python标准库中的HTML解析器,还支持一些第三方的解析器,其中一个是 lxml。本文使用的就是lxml,对于这个的安装,请看 python 3.6 lxml标准库lxml的安装及etree的使用注意
同时,本文使用了XPath来解析我们想要的部分,对于XPath与Beautiful Soup的介绍与使用请看 Beautiful Soup 4.4.0 文档 XPath 简介
本文涉及到的Beautiful Soup与XPath的知识不是很深,看看官方文档就能理解,而且我还加上了注释...
对于pymongo标准库,我就不多扯淡了,详情请看 python标准库之pymongo模块次体验
有时候,我们需要判断当前向服务器发出请求的客户端的类型,也就是通常所说的User-Agent,简称UA,我们在浏览网页时所使用的浏览器就是UA的一种,换言之,UA就是浏览器,在HTTP协议中,通过User-Agent请求头说明用户浏览器的类型,操作系统,浏览器内核等信息的标识。通过这个标识,用过所访问的网站可以显示不同的版本,从而为用户提供更好的体验或者进行信息统计。而有些网站正式利用UA来防止黑客或是像我们这种无聊的人来爬去网站的数据信息。
因此,本文代码首先就把所有的UA都给列取出来,以方便后续的爬取工作。
好了,下面来明确下我们要爬取得数据是什么:
我们需要的是图片的链接,alt等
随后我们点击图片链接之后,获取里面的详情,如果有些电台是多页的,那么我们用过xpath来依次访问。同时我们获取页面中专辑里的声音模块的sound_id...
程序如下:
import random import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import json from lxml import etree import pymongo clients = pymongo.MongoClient("localhost", 27017) db = clients["XiMaLaYa"] collection_1 = db["album"] collection_2 = db["detail"] UA_LIST = [ "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24" ] headers1 = { ‘Accept‘: ‘text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8‘, ‘Accept-Encoding‘: ‘gzip, deflate, sdch‘, ‘Accept-Language‘: ‘zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6‘, ‘Cache-Control‘: ‘max-age=0‘, ‘Proxy-Connection‘: ‘keep-alive‘, ‘Upgrade-Insecure-Requests‘: ‘1‘, ‘User-Agent‘: random.choice(UA_LIST) # User_agence表示用户代理 } headers2 = { ‘Accept‘: ‘text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8‘, ‘Accept-Encoding‘: ‘gzip, deflate, sdch‘, ‘Accept-Language‘: ‘zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6‘, ‘Cache-Control‘: ‘max-age=0‘, ‘Proxy-Connection‘: ‘keep-alive‘, ‘Referer‘: ‘http://www.ximalaya.com/dq/all/2‘, ‘Upgrade-Insecure-Requests‘: ‘1‘, ‘User-Agent‘: random.choice(UA_LIST) } # Beautiful库用来处理XML和HTML... # 主要就是利用BeautifulSoup模块来处理requests模块获取的Html源码 # 利用lxml模块将html源码解析成树结构,xpath来处理树节点. def get_url(): start_urls = ["http://www.ximalaya.com/dq/all/{}".format(num) for num in range(1,85)] # start_urls = ["http://www.ximalaya.com/dq/all/1"] for start_url in start_urls: html = requests.get(start_url, headers=headers1).text soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml") # 使用lxml来处理 for item in soup.find_all(class_="albumfaceOutter"): # 解析并查找xml节点 content = { ‘href‘: item.a["href"], ‘title‘: item.img[‘alt‘], ‘img_url‘: item.img[‘src‘] } collection_1.insert(content) # another(item.a["href"]) print(‘写入完成...‘) # 进入电台具体页面 http://www.ximalaya.com/15836959/album/303085,并处理分页录音... def another(url): html = requests.get(url, headers=headers1).text # / :表示从根节点选取.... # // :表示匹配选择的当前节点选择文档中的节点,而不考虑他们的位置... ifanother = etree.HTML(html).xpath(‘//div[@class="pagingBar_wrapper"]/a[last()-1]/@data-page‘) # 页面链接地址 ifanother是list类型... if len(ifanother): # 判断一个video的录音是否分割成了多页.... num = ifanother[0] # 获取页面数... print(‘本频道保存在‘ + num + ‘个页面‘) for n in range(1, int(num)): url2 = url + ‘?page={}‘.format(n) get_m4a(url2) get_m4a(url) # 获取分页录音页面的详细数据... def get_m4a(url): html = requests.get(url, headers=headers2).text numlist = etree.HTML(html).xpath(‘//div[@class="personal_body"]/@sound_ids‘)[0].split(‘,‘) for i in numlist: murl = ‘http://www.ximalaya.com/tracks/{}.json‘.format(i) html = requests.get(murl, headers=headers1).text dic = json.loads(html) collection_2.insert(dic) if __name__ == "__main__": get_url()
python标准库Beautiful Soup与MongoDb爬喜马拉雅电台的总结