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数据库归档模式的管理

Oracle在开启了归档模式后,会在指定的archive目录下产生很多的archivelog文件,

而且默认是不会定期清除的,时间长久了,该文件夹会占用很大的空间。
数据库开启归档模式之后,虽然可以保障数据的完整性,然而一定程度上会消耗系统性能,

另一个比较关键的地方就是,增加了维护的成本,因此需要做好管理工作,实际生产环境中有很多由于开启了日志归档,没有做好管理工作导致出现各种故障。
很多人直接在archive目录下删除文件,这样其实不能达到在Oracle CLF文件中删除文件记录的效果。

常用的管理方法,有两种:

1、配置RMAN自动管理ARCHIVELOG。也可在RMAN中将数据备份到备份服务器或者磁带上,然后将过期的ARCHIVELOG删除;
删除归档脚本:/home/oracle/backup/rman_backup/rman_script/deletearch.sh

RMAN_LOG_FILE=/home/oracle/backup/rman_backup/rman_script/deletearch.out    if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ]     then       rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE"    fi    echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE    chmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE    echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE    echo ==== started on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE    echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE        export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/u01/app/oracle    export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_BASE}/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1    export ORACLE_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/rdbms/admin    export ORACLE_SID=orcl    export PATH=${PATH}:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin::~/local/bin    ORACLE_USER=oracle    $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / log $RMAN_LOG_FILE append<< all; archivelog crosscheck ?sysdate-7?; time until noprompt delete { run>


2、可以手工来处理,步骤如下
(1) 将/oracle下的相关ARCHIVELOG日志文件移到别的文件系统下(保留一段时间的ARCHIVELOG日志即可,其他的可移走,用系统命令mv移走)。然后打包、压缩,备份到介质上,此时可将这些移出的文件删除。注意:别在原来的/oracle打包了,否则空间占满了就有些麻烦了。
(2) 以oracle用户登录,执行rman target /。如有多个实例此时执行rman target 用户名/密码@实例名,进入rman
(3) 在rman中执行

RMAN>list archivelog all;            /*列出所有的归档日志文件RMAN>crosscheck archivelog all;      /*与物理归档日志文件保持同步,之前移走了一部分文件,因此执行此命令后会在/oracle目录下找不到的归档日志标记为expiredRMAN>list expired archivelog all;    /*列出所有expired(过期)的归档日志文件,此时你就可看到移走的归档日志文件均被标记为expiredRMAN>delete expired archivelog all;  /*在oracle中删除所有过期的expired文件RMAN>list archivelog all;            /*再列出所有的归档日志文件,就可发现移走的日志文件被删掉了RMAN>exit                            /*退出

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有用的查询脚本:
1.查询每日归档备份大小情况:

SELECT TRUNC(FIRST_TIME) "日期", TRUNC(SUM(BLOCKS*BLOCK_SIZE)/1024/1024/1024,2) "大小(GB/DAY)" FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG  GROUP BY TRUNC(FIRST_TIME)  ORDER BY 1 DESC;

2.查看归档空间占用情况:

SQL> col name for a60SQL> select NAME,SPACE_LIMIT/1024/1024/1024,SPACE_USED/1024/1024/1024,NUMBER_OF_FILES from V$RECOVERY_FILE_DEST;NAME                                 SPACE_LIMIT/1024/1024/1024 SPACE_USED/1024/1024/1024 NUMBER_OF_FILES------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------/home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/account_flashback_area                      5         .09765625        2

3.查询系统使用的是哪一组日志文件:

SQL> select * from v$log; GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES  BLOCKSIZE      MEMBERS ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME      NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------------- ------------ -------------------     1        1           7   52428800       512        1 YES INACTIVE              979398 2017-06-30 14:20:02       980053 2017-06-30 14:29:07     2        1           8   52428800       512        1 YES INACTIVE              980053 2017-06-30 14:29:07       990274 2017-06-30 17:38:43     3        1           9   52428800       512        1 NO  CURRENT              990274 2017-06-30 17:38:43   2.8147E+14

4.查询正在使用的组所对应的日志文件:

SQL> col MEMBER for a60SQL> select * from v$logfile;    GROUP# STATUS  TYPE    MEMBER                            IS_---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---     3       ONLINE  /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log        NO     2       ONLINE  /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log        NO     1       ONLINE  /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log        NO

5.强制日志切换:

alter system switch logfile;

6.查询历史日志:

SQL> select * from v$log_history;     RECID    STAMP     THREAD#  SEQUENCE# FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME          NEXT_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_TIME---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------- ------------------- ------------ ----------------- -------------------     1  947091134           1      1       925702 2017-06-19 16:50:54        925918          925702 2017-06-19 16:50:54     2  947091237           1      2       925918 2017-06-19 16:52:14        930555          925702 2017-06-19 16:50:54     3  947091304           1      3       930555 2017-06-19 16:53:56        949834          925702 2017-06-19 16:50:54     4  947091545           1      4       949834 2017-06-19 16:55:03        962092          925702 2017-06-19 16:50:54     5  947092728           1      5       962092 2017-06-19 16:59:05        972833          925702 2017-06-19 16:50:54     6  948032402           1      6       972833 2017-06-19 17:18:47        979398          925702 2017-06-19 16:50:54     7  948032947           1      7       979398 2017-06-30 14:20:02        980053          925702 2017-06-19 16:50:54     8  948044323           1      8       980053 2017-06-30 14:29:07        990274          925702 2017-06-19 16:50:548 rows selected.

7.查询日志的归档模式:

SQL> select dbid,name,created,log_mode from v$database;      DBID NAME                             CREATED         LOG_MODE---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------- ------------1474871786 ORCL                             2017-06-19 16:50:50 ARCHIVELOG

8.查询归档日志的信息:

SQL> col name for a100SQL> select recid,stamp,thread#,sequence#,name from v$archived_log;     RECID    STAMP     THREAD#  SEQUENCE# NAME---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     1  948032402           1      6 /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_6_947091054.dbf     2  948032947           1      7 /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/archarchive_1_7_947091054.log     3  948044324           1      8 /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch_1_8_947091054.log

9.增加与删除日志文件组

alter database add logfile group 1 (‘/home1/oracle/oradata/ora8i/log1a.log‘),‘/home2/oracle/oradata/ora8i/log1b.log‘) size 100M;alter database drop logfile group 1;

10.增加与删除日志成员

alter database add logfile member ‘/home1/oracle/oradata/ora8i/log1a.log‘ to group 1,‘/home1/oracle/oradata/ora8i/log2a.log‘ to group 2;alter database drop logfile member ‘/home1/oracle/oradata/ora8i/log1a.log‘ ;

11.日志文件移动

alter database rename file ‘/home1/oracle/oradata/ora8i/log1a.log‘ to ‘/home2/oracle/oradata/ora8i/log1a.log‘;

执行该命令之前必须保证该日志文件物理上已经移动到新目录
12.清除日志文件

alter database clear logfile ‘/home1/oracle/oradata/ora8i/log1a.log‘;

该命令不能用删除组及组成员命令删除日志时使用

数据库归档模式的管理