首页 > 代码库 > Android实现模拟表单上传

Android实现模拟表单上传

很久以前,写过一篇关于下载的文章:基于HTTP协议的下载功能实现,今天对于Android上的文件上传,也简单的提两笔。在Android上,一般使用Http 模拟表单或者FTP来进行文件上传,使用FTP协议,可以直接使用Appache的FTPClient,使用方法很简单,不再赘述。这里主要说明一下Http模拟表单上传的实现。

模拟表单上传,其实也很简单,主要需要在Http post 的数据体中构建表单信息(multipart/form),表单数据格式的规范,可以参考REC标准。下面是一个格式示例:

       ...
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=
------WebKitFormBoundaryK7Ck1eEROPVUf1De
       Content-Length: 145000
...
------WebKitFormBoundaryK7Ck1eEROPVUf1De Content-Disposition: form-data; name="fileKey"; filename="bg_entry.png" Content-Type: image/png DATA OF FILE
       ------WebKitFormBoundaryK7Ck1eEROPVUf1De--

表单请求重点在两部分:

Header

1.通过Content-Type告知Server这是一个表单提交请求,并声明自己使用的Boundary。Boundary相当于一个分隔符,用于标志表单数据的开始和结束。

2.通过Content-Length告诉本次请求的数据长度,Post Body的长度(包括上传文件长度)。

 

Body:

1.以Boundary分割表单数据。

2.表单参数相当于简单的Header,一般包括Content-Disposition(文件信息)和Content-Type(数据类型)两个字段。

3.各部分、各字段之间都要以CRLF分割。

4.最后以Boundary加上“--”结束表单请求。

 

核心代码如下:

    protected String doUpload(HttpURLConnection connection, UploadParam param) throws Exception {        String path = param.getPath();        String fileKey = TextUtils.isEmpty(param.getFileKey()) ? "file" : param.getFileKey();        String fileName = param.getFileName();        String fileType = TextUtils.isEmpty(param.getContentType()) ? MIME_TYPE_ALL : param.getContentType();        DataOutputStream outs = null;        BufferedReader ins = null;        FileInputStream fouts = null;        String response = null;        try {            //    Content-Disposition: form-data; name="fileKey"; filename="bg_entry.png"           //            Content-Type: image/png            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(buildParams(param.getParams()));            builder.append(getBoundaryPrefixed())                    .append(CRLF)                    .append(String.format(HEADER_CONTENT_DISPOSITION + COLON_SPACE + FORM_DATA + SEMICOLON_SPACE + FILENAME, fileKey, fileName))                    .append(CRLF)                    .append(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE).append(fileType)                    .append(CRLF)                    //Must jump to new line to indicate the beginning of data.                    .append(CRLF);            byte[] headBuf = builder.toString().getBytes(CHARSET_UTF8);            //Must jump to new line to indicate the end of data.            byte[] tailBuf = (CRLF + getBoundaryPrefixed() + BOUNDARY_PREFIX + CRLF).getBytes(CHARSET_UTF8);            long currentBytes = 0;            File file = new File(path);            long totalSize = file.length() + headBuf.length + tailBuf.length;            //Generally speaking,Files larger than 4M should use streaming mode.            if (totalSize > 4 * 1024 * 1024) {                //Avoid oom when post large file.Ether way is ok.                connection.setChunkedStreamingMode(1024);//                connection.setFixedLengthStreamingMode(totalSize);            }            connection.setRequestProperty(HEADER_CONTENT_LENGTH, String.valueOf(totalSize));            connection.connect();            outs = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());            outs.write(headBuf);            currentBytes += headBuf.length;            updateProgress(currentBytes, totalSize);            fouts = new FileInputStream(file);            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];            int length = -1;            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();            long now = 0;            while ((length = fouts.read(buffer)) != -1) {                if (length > 0) {                    outs.write(buffer, 0, length);                    currentBytes += length;                    now = System.currentTimeMillis();                    if (now - startTime >= PROGRESS_RATE) {                        updateProgress(currentBytes, totalSize);                        startTime = now;                    }                }                if (!canRun()) {                    throw new Exception("Upload cancelled");                }            }            outs.write(tailBuf);            outs.flush();            updateProgress(totalSize, totalSize);            fouts.close();            fouts = null;            //Response.            if (connection.getResponseCode() != 200) {                throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Error upload response: code:%s  msg:%s", connection.getResponseCode(), connection.getResponseMessage()));            }            ins = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));            String line;            StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();            while ((line = ins.readLine()) != null) {                b.append(line);                if (!canRun()) {                    throw new Exception("Upload cancelled");                }            }            response = b.toString();            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(response)) {                throw new NullPointerException("Null response: " + response);            }            outs.close();            outs = null;            ins.close();            ins = null;        } finally {            if (fouts != null) {                fouts.close();                fouts = null;            }            if (outs != null) {                outs.close();                outs = null;            }            if (ins != null) {                ins.close();                ins = null;            }        }        return response;    }

主要步凑为:

1.配置Header参数

2.构建表单参数

3.读取和发送文件内容

4.获取响应码

其中值得注意的是,一般情况下,上传会把所有的文件内容读取到内存中再统一发送,如果文件过大,将可能导致内存溢出。所以在判断文件内容大于4MB时,使用Chunked模式或Stream模式来避免OOM。

            if (totalSize > 4 * 1024 * 1024) {                //Avoid oom when post large file.Ether way is ok.                connection.setChunkedStreamingMode(1024);                //connection.setFixedLengthStreamingMode(totalSize);            }

 

更多代码详情请参考:TransferLibrary——一个Android文件传输库,主要实现基于Http的文件上传和下载,简单方便,支持多任务下载,断点续传等等,欢迎小伙伴们使用交流:D

 

Android实现模拟表单上传