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[转载]使用Java操作Mongodb

HelloWorld程序

  学习任何程序的第一步,都是编写HelloWorld程序,我们也不例外,看下如何通过Java编写一个HelloWorld的程序。

  首先,要通过Java操作Mongodb,必须先下载Mongodb的Java驱动程序,可以在这里下载。

  新建立一个Java工程,将下载的驱动程序放在库文件路径下,程序代码如下:

技术分享
 1 package com.mkyong.core; 2 import java.net.UnknownHostException; 3 import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject; 4 import com.mongodb.DB; 5 import com.mongodb.DBCollection; 6 import com.mongodb.DBCursor; 7 import com.mongodb.Mongo; 8 import com.mongodb.MongoException; 9 10 /**11 * Java + MongoDB Hello world Example12 * 13 */14 public class App {15     public static void main(String[] args) {16         try {17             //实例化Mongo对象,连接27017端口18             Mongo mongo = new Mongo("localhost", 27017);19                                //连接名为yourdb的数据库,假如数据库不存在的话,mongodb会自动建立20             DB db = mongo.getDB("yourdb");21             // Get collection from MongoDB, database named "yourDB"22 //从Mongodb中获得名为yourColleection的数据集合,如果该数据集合不存在,Mongodb会为其新建立23             DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("yourCollection");24     // 使用BasicDBObject对象创建一个mongodb的document,并给予赋值。25             BasicDBObject document = new BasicDBObject();26             document.put("id", 1001);27             document.put("msg", "hello world mongoDB in Java");28             //将新建立的document保存到collection中去29             collection.insert(document);30             // 创建要查询的document31             BasicDBObject searchQuery = new BasicDBObject();32             searchQuery.put("id", 1001);33             // 使用collection的find方法查找document34             DBCursor cursor = collection.find(searchQuery);35             //循环输出结果36             while (cursor.hasNext()) {37             System.out.println(cursor.next());38             }39             System.out.println("Done"); 40         } catch (UnknownHostException e) {41             e.printStackTrace();42         } catch (MongoException e) {43             e.printStackTrace();44         }45     }46 }
View Code

  最后,输出的结果为:

{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4dbe5596dceace565d229dc3"} ,
                "id" : 1001 , "msg" : "hello world mongoDB in Java"}
Done

 

  在上面的例子中,演示了使用Java对Mongodb操作的重要方法和步骤,首先通过创建Mongodb对象,传入构造函数的参数是Mongodb的数据库所在地址和端口,然后使用

  getDB方法获得要连接的数据库名,使用getCollection获得数据集合的名,然后通过新建立BasicDBObject对象去建立document,最后通过collection的insert方法,将建立的document保存到数据库中去。而collection的find方法,则是用来在数据库中查找document。

  从Mongodb中获得collection数据集

  在Mongodb中,可以通过如下方法获得数据库中的collection:

  DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("yourCollection");

  如果你不知道collection的名称,可以使用db.getCollectionNames()获得集合,然后再遍历,如下:

  DB db = mongo.getDB("yourdb");
  Set collections = db.getCollectionNames();
  for(String collectionName : collections){
  System.out.println(collectionName);
  }

  完成的一个例子如下:

package com.mkyong.core;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Set;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.Mongo;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;
/**
* Java : Get collection from MongoDB
*
*/
public class GetCollectionApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Mongo mongo = new Mongo("localhost", 27017);
DB db = mongo.getDB("yourdb");
Set<String> collections = db.getCollectionNames();
for (String collectionName : collections) {
System.out.println(collectionName);
}
DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("yourCollection");
System.out.println(collection.toString());
System.out.println("Done");

} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (MongoException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

  Mongodb中如何插入数据

  下面,讲解下如何使用4种方式,将JSON数据插入到Mongodb中去。首先我们准备JSON

  格式的数据,如下:

  {
  "database" : "mkyongDB",
  "table" : "hosting",
  "detail" :
  {
  records : 99,
  index : "vps_index1",
  active : "true"
  }
  }
  }

 

  我们希望用不同的方式,通过JAVA代码向Mongodb插入以上格式的JSON数据

  第一种方法,是使用BasicDBObject,方法如下代码所示:

BasicDBObject document = new BasicDBObject();
document.put("database", "mkyongDB");
document.put("table", "hosting");
BasicDBObject documentDetail = new BasicDBObject();
documentDetail.put("records", "99");
documentDetail.put("index", "vps_index1");
documentDetail.put("active", "true");
document.put("detail", documentDetail);
collection.insert(document);

  第二种方法是使用BasicDBObjectBuilder对象,如下代码所示:

  BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
  .add("database", "mkyongDB")
  .add("table", "hosting");
  BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
  .add("records", "99")
  .add("index", "vps_index1")
  .add("active", "true");
  documentBuilder.add("detail", documentBuilderDetail.get());
  collection.insert(documentBuilder.get());

  第三种方法是使用Map对象,代码如下:

  Map documentMap =new HashMap();
  documentMap.put("database", "mkyongDB");
  documentMap.put("table", "hosting");
  Map documentMapDetail =new HashMap();
  documentMapDetail.put("records", "99");
  documentMapDetail.put("index", "vps_index1");
  documentMapDetail.put("active", "true");
  documentMap.put("detail", documentMapDetail);
  collection.insert(new BasicDBObject(documentMap));

  第四种方法,也就是最简单的,即直接插入JSON格式数据

  String json ="{‘database‘ : ‘mkyongDB‘,‘table‘ : ‘hosting‘,"+
  "‘detail‘ : {‘records‘ : 99, ‘index‘ : ‘vps_index1‘, ‘active‘ : ‘true‘}}}";
  DBObject dbObject =(DBObject)JSON.parse(json);
  collection.insert(dbObject);

  这里使用了JSON的parse方法,将解析后的JSON字符串转变为DBObject对象后再直接插入到collection中去。

 

  完整的代码如下所示:

技术分享
 1 packagecom.mkyong.core; 2    importjava.net.UnknownHostException; 3    importjava.util.HashMap; 4    importjava.util.Map; 5    importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObject; 6    importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObjectBuilder; 7    importcom.mongodb.DB; 8    importcom.mongodb.DBCollection; 9    importcom.mongodb.DBCursor;10    importcom.mongodb.DBObject;11    importcom.mongodb.Mongo;12    importcom.mongodb.MongoException;13    importcom.mongodb.util.JSON;14    /**15    * Java MongoDB : Insert a Document16    *17    */18    publicclass InsertDocumentApp {19    publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){20    try{21    Mongo mongo =new Mongo("localhost", 27017);22    DB db = mongo.getDB("yourdb");23    // get a single collection24    DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("dummyColl");25    // BasicDBObject example26    System.out.println("BasicDBObject example...");27    BasicDBObject document =new BasicDBObject();28    document.put("database", "mkyongDB");29    document.put("table", "hosting");30    BasicDBObject documentDetail =new BasicDBObject();31    documentDetail.put("records", "99");32    documentDetail.put("index", "vps_index1");33    documentDetail.put("active", "true");34    document.put("detail", documentDetail);35    collection.insert(document);36    DBCursor cursorDoc = collection.find();37    while(cursorDoc.hasNext()){38    System.out.println(cursorDoc.next());39    }40    collection.remove(new BasicDBObject());41    // BasicDBObjectBuilder example42    System.out.println("BasicDBObjectBuilder example...");43    BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()44    .add("database", "mkyongDB")45    .add("table", "hosting");46    BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()47    .add("records", "99")48    .add("index", "vps_index1")49    .add("active", "true");50    documentBuilder.add("detail", documentBuilderDetail.get());51    collection.insert(documentBuilder.get());52    DBCursor cursorDocBuilder = collection.find();53    while(cursorDocBuilder.hasNext()){54    System.out.println(cursorDocBuilder.next());55    }56    collection.remove(new BasicDBObject());57    // Map example58    System.out.println("Map example...");59    Map documentMap =new HashMap();60    documentMap.put("database", "mkyongDB");61    documentMap.put("table", "hosting");62    Map documentMapDetail =new HashMap();63    documentMapDetail.put("records", "99");64    documentMapDetail.put("index", "vps_index1");65    documentMapDetail.put("active", "true");66    documentMap.put("detail", documentMapDetail);67    collection.insert(new BasicDBObject(documentMap));68    DBCursor cursorDocMap = collection.find();69    while(cursorDocMap.hasNext()){70    System.out.println(cursorDocMap.next());71    }72    collection.remove(new BasicDBObject());73    // JSON parse example74    System.out.println("JSON parse example...");75    String json ="{‘database‘ : ‘mkyongDB‘,‘table‘ : ‘hosting‘,"+76    "‘detail‘ : {‘records‘ : 99, ‘index‘ : ‘vps_index1‘, ‘active‘ : ‘true‘}}}";77    DBObject dbObject =(DBObject)JSON.parse(json);78    collection.insert(dbObject);79    DBCursor cursorDocJSON = collection.find();80    while(cursorDocJSON.hasNext()){81    System.out.println(cursorDocJSON.next());82    }83    collection.remove(new BasicDBObject());84    }catch(UnknownHostException e){85    e.printStackTrace();86    }catch(MongoException e){87    e.printStackTrace();88    }89    }90    }
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  更新Document

  假设如下的JSON格式的数据已经保存到Mongodb中去了,现在要更新相关的数据。

  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostA" , "type" : "vps" , "clients" : 1000}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostB" , "type" : "dedicated server" , "clients" : 100}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostC" , "type" : "vps" , "clients" : 900}

  假设现在要将hosting中值为hostB的进行更新,则可以使用如下的方法:

  BasicDBObject newDocument =new BasicDBObject();
  newDocument.put("hosting", "hostB");
  newDocument.put("type", "shared host");
  newDocument.put("clients", 111);
  collection.update(new BasicDBObject().append("hosting", "hostB"), newDocument);

  可以看到,这里依然使用了BasicDBObject对象,并为其赋值了新的值后,然后使用collection的update方法,即可更新该对象。

  更新后的输出如下:

  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostA" , "type" : "vps" , "clients" : 1000}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostB" , "type" : "shared host" , "clients" : 111}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostC" , "type" : "vps" , "clients" : 900}

  另外,还可以使用mongodb中的$inc修饰符号去对某个值进行更新,比如,要将hosting值为hostB的document的clients的值得更新为199(即100+99=199),可以这样:

  BasicDBObject newDocument =new BasicDBObject().append("$inc",
  new BasicDBObject().append("clients", 99));
  collection.update(new BasicDBObject().append("hosting", "hostB"), newDocument);

  则输出如下:

  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostA" , "type" : "vps" , "clients" : 1000}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostB" , "type" : "dedicated server" , "clients" : 199}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostC" , "type" : "vps" , "clients" : 900}

  接下来,讲解$set修饰符的使用。比如要把hosting中值为hostA的document中的

  type的值进行修改,则可以如下实现:

  BasicDBObject newDocument3 =new BasicDBObject().append("$set",
  new BasicDBObject().append("type", "dedicated server"));
  collection.update(new BasicDBObject().append("hosting", "hostA"), newDocument3);

  则输出如下,把type的值从vps改为dedicated server:

  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostB" , "type" : "dedicated server" , "clients" : 100}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostC" , "type" : "vps" , "clients" : 900}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostA" , "clients" : 1000 , "type" : "dedicated server"}

  要注意的是,如果不使用$set的修饰符,而只是如下代码:

  BasicDBObject newDocument3 =new BasicDBObject().append("type", "dedicated server");
  collection.update(new BasicDBObject().append("hosting", "hostA"), newDocument3);

  则会将所有的三个document的type类型都改为dedicated server了,因此要使用$set以更新特定的document的特定的值。

  如果要更新多个document中相同的值,可以使用$multi,比如,要把所有vps为type的document,将它们的clients的值更新为888,可以如下实现:

  BasicDBObject updateQuery =new BasicDBObject().append("$set",
  new BasicDBObject().append("clients", "888"));
  collection.update(new BasicDBObject().append("type", "vps"), updateQuery, false, true);

  输出如下:

  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostA" , "clients" : "888" , "type" : "vps"}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostB" , "type" : "dedicated server" , "clients" : 100}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "x"} , "hosting" : "hostC" , "clients" : "888" , "type" : "vps"}

   最后,还是给出更新document的完整例子:

技术分享
 1 package com.liao; 2    import java.net.UnknownHostException; 3    import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject; 4    import com.mongodb.DB; 5    import com.mongodb.DBCollection; 6    import com.mongodb.DBCursor; 7    import com.mongodb.Mongo; 8    import com.mongodb.MongoException; 9    publicclass UpdateDocumentApp {10    publicstaticvoid printAllDocuments(DBCollection collection){11    DBCursor cursor = collection.find();12    while (cursor.hasNext()) {13    System.out.println(cursor.next());14    }15    }16    publicstaticvoid removeAllDocuments(DBCollection collection){17    collection.remove(new BasicDBObject());18    }19    publicstaticvoid insertDummyDocuments(DBCollection collection){20    BasicDBObject document = new BasicDBObject();21    document.put("hosting", "hostA");22    document.put("type", "vps");23    document.put("clients", 1000);24    BasicDBObject document2 = new BasicDBObject();25    document2.put("hosting", "hostB");26    document2.put("type", "dedicated server");27    document2.put("clients", 100);28    BasicDBObject document3 = new BasicDBObject();29    document3.put("hosting", "hostC");30    document3.put("type", "vps");31    document3.put("clients", 900);32    collection.insert(document);33    collection.insert(document2);34    collection.insert(document3);35    }36    publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {37    try {38    Mongo mongo = new Mongo("localhost", 27017);39    DB db = mongo.getDB("yourdb");40    DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("dummyColl");41    System.out.println("Testing 1...");42    insertDummyDocuments(collection);43    //find hosting = hostB, and update it with new document44    BasicDBObject newDocument = new BasicDBObject();45    newDocument.put("hosting", "hostB");46    newDocument.put("type", "shared host");47    newDocument.put("clients", 111);48    collection.update(new BasicDBObject().append("hosting", "hostB"), newDocument);49    printAllDocuments(collection);50    removeAllDocuments(collection);51    System.out.println("Testing 2...");52    insertDummyDocuments(collection);53    BasicDBObject newDocument2 = new BasicDBObject().append("$inc",54    new BasicDBObject().append("clients", 99));55    collection.update(new BasicDBObject().append("hosting", "hostB"), newDocument2);56    printAllDocuments(collection);57    removeAllDocuments(collection);58    System.out.println("Testing 3...");59    insertDummyDocuments(collection);60    BasicDBObject newDocument3 = new BasicDBObject().append("$set",61    new BasicDBObject().append("type", "dedicated server"));62    collection.update(new BasicDBObject().append("hosting", "hostA"), newDocument3);63    printAllDocuments(collection);64    removeAllDocuments(collection);65    System.out.println("Testing 4...");66    insertDummyDocuments(collection);67    BasicDBObject updateQuery = new BasicDBObject().append("$set",68    new BasicDBObject().append("clients", "888"));69    collection.update(70    new BasicDBObject().append("type", "vps"), updateQuery, false, true);71    printAllDocuments(collection);72    removeAllDocuments(collection);73    System.out.println("Done");74    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {75    e.printStackTrace();76    } catch (MongoException e) {77    e.printStackTrace();78    }79    }80    }
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  查询Document

  下面学习如何查询document,先用下面的代码往数据库中插入1-10数字:

  for(int i=1; i <=10; i++){
  collection.insert(new BasicDBObject().append("number", i));

  }

  接下来,看下如下的例子:

  1) 获得数据库中的第一个document:

  DBObject doc = collection.findOne();
  System.out.println(dbObject);

  输出为:

  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80bd"} , "number" : 1}

  2)获得document的集合

  DBCursor cursor = collection.find();
  while(cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

  这里,使用collection.find()方法,获得当前数据库中所有的documents对象集合

  然后通过对DBCursor对象集合的遍历,即可输出当前所有documents。输出如下:

  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80bd"} , "number" : 1}
  //..........中间部分省略,为2到9的输出
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6"} , "number" : 10}

  3) 获取指定的document

  比如要获得number=5的document对象内容,可以使用collection的find方法即可,如下:

  BasicDBObject query =new BasicDBObject();
  query.put("number", 5);
  DBCursor cursor = collection.find(query);
  while(cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

  即输出:

  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c1"} , "number" : 5}

  4) 使用in操作符号

  在mongodb中,也可以使用in操作符,比如要获得number=9和number=10的document对象,可以如下操作:

  BasicDBObject query =new BasicDBObject();
  List list =new ArrayList();
  list.add(9);
  list.add(10);
  query.put("number", new BasicDBObject("$in", list));
  DBCursor cursor = collection.find(query);
  while(cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

  这里使用了一个List,并将list传入到BasicDBObject的构造函数中,并使用了in操作符号,输出如下:

  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c5"} , "number" : 9}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6"} , "number" : 10}

 

  5) 使用>,<等比较符号

  在mongodb中,也可以使用比如>,<等数量比较符号,比如要输出number>5的document集合,则使用“$gt”即可,同理,小于关系则使用$lt,例子如下:

  BasicDBObject query =new BasicDBObject();
  query.put("number", new BasicDBObject("$gt", 5));
  DBCursor cursor = collection.find(query);
  while(cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

  输出如下:

  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c2"} , "number" : 6}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c3"} , "number" : 7}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c4"} , "number" : 8}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c5"} , "number" : 9}
  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6"} , "number" : 10}
  也可以多个比较符号一起使用,比如要输出number>5和number<8的document,则如下:
  BasicDBObject query =new BasicDBObject();
  query.put("number", new BasicDBObject("$gt", 5).append("$lt", 8));
  DBCursor cursor = collection.find(query);
  while(cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

  同样,如果是不等于的关系的话,可以使用$ne操作符,如下:

  BasicDBObject query5 =new BasicDBObject();
  query5.put("number", new BasicDBObject("$ne", 8));
  DBCursor cursor6 = collection.find(query5);
  while(cursor6.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor6.next());
  }

  以上输出number=8之外的所有document。

  删除document

  下面我们学习如何删除document,依然以上面的已插入的1-10的documents集合为例说明:

  1) 删除第一个document

  DBObject doc = collection.findOne();
  collection.remove(doc);

  2) 删除指定的document

  比如删除number=2的document,如下方法:

  BasicDBObject document =new BasicDBObject();
  document.put("number", 2);
  collection.remove(document);

  要注意的是,如下的方法将只会删除number=3的document。

  BasicDBObject document =new BasicDBObject();
  document.put("number", 2);
  document.put("number", 3);
  collection.remove(document);

 

  3) 使用in 操作符号指定删除document

  下面的例子将同时删除number=4和number=5的document,使用的是in操作符

  BasicDBObject query2 =new BasicDBObject();
  List list =new ArrayList();
  list.add(4);
  list.add(5);
  query2.put("number", new BasicDBObject("$in", list));
  collection.remove(query2);

  4) 使用“$gt”删除大于某个值的document

  BasicDBObject query =new BasicDBObject();
  query.put("number", new BasicDBObject("$gt", 9));
  collection.remove(query);

  以上会删除number=10的document。

  5) 删除所有的document

  DBCursor cursor = collection.find();
  while(cursor.hasNext()){
  collection.remove(cursor.next());
  }

  保存图片到Mongodb

  下面将讲解如何使用Java MongoDB GridFS API去保存图片等二进制文件到Monodb,关于Java MongoDB GridFS API的详细论述,请参考http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/GridFS+Specification

  1)保存图片

  代码段如下:

  String newFileName ="mkyong-java-image";
  File imageFile =newFile("c:\\JavaWebHosting.png");
  GridFS gfsPhoto =new GridFS(db, "photo");
  GridFSInputFile gfsFile = gfsPhoto.createFile(imageFile);
  gfsFile.setFilename(newFileName);
  gfsFile.save();

  这里,将c盘下的JavaWebHosting.png保存到mongodb中去,并命名为mkyong-java-image。

  2) 读取图片信息

  代码段如下

  String newFileName ="mkyong-java-image";
  GridFS gfsPhoto =new GridFS(db, "photo");
  GridFSDBFile imageForOutput = gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName);
  System.out.println(imageForOutput);

  将会输出JSON格式的结果;

  {
  "_id" :
  {
  "$oid" : "4dc9511a14a7d017fee35746"
  } ,
  "chunkSize" : 262144 ,
  "length" : 22672 ,
  "md5" : "1462a6cfa27669af1d8d21c2d7dd1f8b" ,
  "filename" : "mkyong-java-image" ,
  "contentType" : null ,
  "uploadDate" :
  {
  "$date" : "2011-05-10T14:52:10Z"
  } ,
  "aliases" : null
  }

  可以看到,输出的是文件的属性相关信息。

 

  3) 输出已保存的所有图片

  下面代码段,输出所有保存在photo命名空间下的图片信息:

  GridFS gfsPhoto =new GridFS(db, "photo");
  DBCursor cursor = gfsPhoto.getFileList();
  while(cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

  4) 从数据库中读取一张图片并另存

  下面的代码段,从数据库中读取一张图片并另存为另外一张图片到磁盘中

  String newFileName ="mkyong-java-image";
  GridFS gfsPhoto =new GridFS(db, "photo");
  GridFSDBFile imageForOutput = gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName);
  imageForOutput.writeTo("c:\\JavaWebHostingNew.png");

  5) 删除图片

  String newFileName ="mkyong-java-image";
  GridFS gfsPhoto =new GridFS(db, "photo");
  gfsPhoto.remove(gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName));

  如何将JSON数据格式转化为DBObject格式

  在mongodb中,可以使用com.mongodb.util.JSON类,将JSON格式的字符串转变为DBObject对象。MongoDB for JAVA驱动中提供了用于向数据库中存储普通对象的接口DBObject,当一个文档从MongoDB中取出时,它会自动把文档转换成DBObject接口类型,要将它实例化为需要的对象。比如:

  {
  ‘name‘ : ‘mkyong‘,
  ‘age‘ : 30
  }

  这样的JSON格式字符串,转换方法为:

  DBObject dbObject =(DBObject) JSON.parse("{‘name‘:‘mkyong‘, ‘age‘:30}");

  完整的代码如下:

  packagecom.mkyong.core;
  importjava.net.UnknownHostException;
  importcom.mongodb.DB;
  importcom.mongodb.DBCollection;
  importcom.mongodb.DBCursor;
  importcom.mongodb.DBObject;
  importcom.mongodb.Mongo;
  importcom.mongodb.MongoException;
  importcom.mongodb.util.JSON;
  /**
  * Java MongoDB : Convert JSON data to DBObject
  *
  */
  publicclass App {
  publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){
  try{
  Mongo mongo =new Mongo("localhost", 27017);
  DB db = mongo.getDB("yourdb");
  DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("dummyColl");
  DBObject dbObject =(DBObject) JSON
  .parse("{‘name‘:‘mkyong‘, ‘age‘:30}");
  collection.insert(dbObject);
  DBCursor cursorDoc = collection.find();
  while(cursorDoc.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursorDoc.next());
  }
  System.out.println("Done");
  }catch(UnknownHostException e){
  e.printStackTrace();
  }catch(MongoException e){
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }

  则输出为:

  {"_id" : {"$oid" : "4dc9ebb5237f275c2fe4959f"} , "name" : "mkyong" , "age" : 30}
  Done

  可以看到,将JSON格式的数据类型直接转换为mongodb中的文档类型并输出。

  小结:

  本文学习了如何使用Mongodb for JAVA驱动,对mongodb进行日常的数据库操作,比如增加,删除和修改,下一篇教程中,将指导学习Spring对mongodb的操作。

[转载]使用Java操作Mongodb