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Linux下单节点安装Hadoop
作者:二青
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现在开始要系统地学习下Hadoop了,虽然可能有点儿晚,但是还是想好好学习一下这门火爆的技术,让我们从安装环境开始。 官方文档
本文使用的个软件及版本如下:
- Ubuntu 14.10 64 Bit Server Edition
- Hadoop2.6.0
- JDK 1.7.0_71
- ssh
- rsync
首先自己准备一个装有linux系统的机器,物理机虚拟机都可,推荐使用Oracle VirtualBox 搭建一个虚拟机。本文使用Window7+VirtualBox+Ubuntu 14.10 64 Server Edition。
去Apache首页下载一个Hadoop镜像( Apache Hadoop Mirror )。去Oracle官网下载JDK( JDK 下载 )。
1. 搭建基础环境,下载Hadoop和JDK安装包
2. 使用Putty登录Ubuntu
执行下面两行命令安装ssh和rsync
$ sudo apt-get install ssh
$ sudo apt-get install rsync
3. 使用WinSCP将下载好的Hadoop和JDK压缩包传入Ubuntu
使用tar -zxvf xxx.tar.gz 分别解压两个包,并拷贝到/opt目录下。
4. 配置Java环境
root权限打开/etc/profile文件,在末尾加上:
JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.17PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATHCLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jarexport JAVA_HOME PATH CLASSPATH
执行. /etc/profile可使profile修改后立即生效。(注意.后面的空格)
其实这段配置的目的就是设置PATH和CLASSPATH,与我们在windows下设置环境变量是一致的。之后用javac或者java -version测试下,看成功没有。
5. 配置Hadoop
将解压的包拷贝到/opt后,要对hadoop进行简单的配置。
编辑etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh,添加如下配置:
# set to the root of your Java installationexport JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_71# Assuming your installation directory is /opt/hadoop-2.6.0export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_CONF_DIR:-"/opt/hadoop-2.6.0"}
完成这步,hadoop就简单的配置好了,我们可以进行深入一点儿的配置开启不同模式。
- 独立模式
- 为分布式
- 完全分布式
这里我们将要配置成为伪分布式去使用,单节点的伪分布式表示每个hadoop守护进程单独运行于一个Java进程。
1. 编辑配置文件etc/hadoop/core-site.xml, etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
<configuration> <property> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value> </property></configuration>
<configuration> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>1</value> </property></configuration>2. 对localhost设置无密钥ssh连接
如果失败,使用如下命令:
$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P ‘‘ -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
3. 执行
执行.hdfs namenode -format
adam@ubuntu:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/bin$ ./hdfs namenode -format15/01/11 11:37:08 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNodeSTARTUP_MSG: host = ubuntu/127.0.1.1STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.6.0STARTUP_MSG: classpath = /opt/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-logre/hadoop/common/lib/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/opt/hadtpcore-4.2.5.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.9.13.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/share.jar:/opt//lib/commons-el-1.0.jar:/opt/hapacheds-i18n-2.0.0-M15.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/shaar:/opt/hadoop-......STARTUP_MSG: build = https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop.git -r e3496499ecb8d220fba99dc5ed4c99 2014-11-13T21:10ZSTARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71************************************************************/15/01/11 11:37:08 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT]15/01/11 11:37:08 INFO namenode.NameNode: createNameNode [-format]Formatting using clusterid: CID-6645a7aa-b5c4-4b8c-a0b7-ece148452be515/01/11 11:37:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: No KeyProvider found.15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsLock is fair:true15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=100015/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.namenode.datanode.registration.ip-hostname-chec15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.namenode.startup.delay.block.deletion.sec is set t15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: The block deletion will start around 2015 Jan 11 11:3715/01/11 11:37:10 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 19.3 MB15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^21 = 2097152 entries15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.block.access.token.enable=false15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: defaultReplication = 115/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplication = 51215/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: minReplication = 115/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplicationStreams = 215/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: shouldCheckForEnoughRacks = false15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: replicationRecheck15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: encryptDataTransfe15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxNumBlocksToLog15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner = ada15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup = sup15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled = tru15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: HA Enabled: false15/01/11 11:37:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Append Enabled: true15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map INodeMap15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: 1.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 9.7 MB15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^20 = 1048576 entrie15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring m15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map cachedBloc15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: 0.25% max memory 966.7 MB = 2.4 MB15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^18 = 262144 entries15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.thr15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.ext15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode i15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.0315/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map NameNodeRe15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory 966.15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^15 = 32768 entries15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.NNConf: ACLs enabled? false15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.NNConf: XAttrs enabled? true15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.NNConf: Maximum size of an xattr: 1638415/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.FSImage: Allocated new BlockPoolId: BP-15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /tmp/hadoop-ad15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to ret15/01/11 11:37:11 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 015/01/11 11:37:11 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at ubuntu/127.0.1.1************************************************************/adam@ubuntu:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/bin$
启动NameNode守护进程
将目录切换到hadoop/sbin下执行:./start-dfs.sh
adam@ubuntu:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/sbin$ ./start-dfs.shStarting namenodes on [localhost]adam@localhost‘s password:localhost: starting namenode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.0/logs/hadoop-adam-namenode-ubuntu.outadam@localhost‘s password:localhost: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.0/logs/hadoop-adam-datanode-ubuntu.outStarting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]adam@0.0.0.0‘s password:0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.6.0/logs/hadoop-adam-secondarynamenode-ubuntu.outadam@ubuntu:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/sbin$
这样我们就安装了一个简单的单节点伪分布式的hadoop环境。
- 本文来自:Linux教程网
Linux下单节点安装Hadoop