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HTML5 indexedDB数据库的入门学习
笔者早些时间看过web sql database,但是不再维护和支持,所以最近初步学习了一下indexedDB数据库,首先indexedDB(简称IDB)和web sql database有很大的差别,因为IDB不像web sql database那样用数据库语句去操作浏览器本地数据库(有过数据库基础看起来会比较容易),及关系数据库,IDB更像是NoSQL数据库,不能使用sql语句去查询,所以理解上会比web sql database要难一点:下面我主要介绍indexedDB数据库的基本操作:增删改差
首先:获取indexedDB数据库对象
1 if (!window.indexedDB) {2 window.indexedDB = window.mozIndexedDB || window.webkitIndexedDB;3 }
然后打开数据库(如果数据库不存在当然就是创建数据库)
1 var request = indexedDB.open("data2",1);2 var db;
第一个参数是数据库的名称,第二个参数是数据库的版本号。版本号可以在升级数据库时用来调整数据库结构和数据。
1 request.onupgradeneeded = function(event) { 2 db = event.target.result; 3 var store = db.createObjectStore("table",{keyPath: "ssn"}); 4 console.log("createObjectStore success!"); 5 }; 6 request.onsuccess = function (event) { 7 db = event.target.result; //db = request.result;或者db = this.result; 12 }
但你增加数据库版本号时,会触发onupgradeneeded
事件,这时可能会出现成功、失败和阻止事件三种情况
onupgradeneeded
事件在第一次打开页面初始化数据库时会被调用,或在当有版本号变化时。所以,你应该在onupgradeneeded
函数里创建你的存储数据。如果没有版本号变化,而且页面之前被打开过,你会获得一个onsuccess
事件。如果有错误发生时则触发onerror
事件。如果你之前没有关闭连接,则会触发onblocked
事件。
做完上面的操作后你就可以进行增删改查的操作了:
1、添加数据:
1 document.getElementById("add").onclick = function (){ 2 var obj = { 3 "ssn" : document.getElementById("ssn").value, 4 "name" : document.getElementById("name").value, 5 "email" : document.getElementById("email").value 6 }; 7 //存数据 db为数据库对象,transaction为事物,objectStore为存储对象(相当于数据表),add为数据表对象的add方法,最后是add成功的回调函数 8 db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite").objectStore("table").add(obj).onsuccess = function(event) { 9 console.log("add data success!");10 }; 11 }
2、删除数据:
1 document.getElementById("del").onclick = function() {2 //删除数据3 db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite")4 .objectStore("table")5 .delete(document.getElementById("del_ssn").value)6 .onsuccess = function(event) {7 console.log(document.getElementById("del_ssn").value+" delete sucecess");8 };9 }
3、读取数据:
1 document.getElementById("get").onclick = function() { 2 //读数据 openCursor相当于是循环读取 3 db.transaction("table").objectStore("table").openCursor().onsuccess = function(event) { 4 var getString = ""; 5 var cursor = event.target.result; 6 if (cursor) { 7 getString += "Name for SSN " + cursor.key + " is " + cursor.value.name; 8 console.log("Name for SSN " + cursor.key + " is " + cursor.value.name); 9 cursor.continue();10 //alert(getString);11 }12 document.getElementById("get_ssn").innerHTML += getString+"<br/>";13 } 14 }
4、修改数据:
1 document.getElementById("put").onclick = function () { 2 var obj = { 3 "ssn" : document.getElementById("putssn").value, 4 "name" : document.getElementById("putname").value, 5 "email" : document.getElementById("putemail").value 6 }; 7 //修改数据 8 db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite").objectStore("table").put(obj).onsuccess = function(event) { 9 console.log("put data success!");10 }; 11 }
以下是面页的html部分:
1 <input type="text" id="ssn" name="ssn" /> 2 <input type="text" id="name" name="name" /> 3 <input type="text" id="email" name="email" /> 4 <button id="add">增加</button> 5 <button>重置</button><br/> 6 7 <input type="text" id="putssn" name="putssn" /> 8 <input type="text" id="putname" name="putname" /> 9 <input type="text" id="putemail" name="putemail" />10 <button id="put">修改</button><br/>11 12 13 <input type="text" id="del_ssn" name="del_ssn" />14 <button id="del">删除</button><br/>15 <button id="get">读取</button>16 <div id="get_ssn"></div>
初学indexedDB,有什么不对的地方望指出,后续会把比较深入的东西写出来和大家分享
整个demo文件如下:
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <title>indexedDB</title> 5 </head> 6 <script type="text/javascript"> 7 window.onload = function () { 8 if (!window.indexedDB) { 9 window.indexedDB = window.mozIndexedDB || window.webkitIndexedDB;10 }11 var request = indexedDB.open("data",1);12 var db;13 request.onupgradeneeded = function(event) {14 db = event.target.result;15 var store = db.createObjectStore("table",{keyPath: "ssn"});16 console.log("createObjectStore success!");17 };18 request.onsuccess = function (event) {19 db = event.target.result;20 //读取数据21 /*db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite").objectStore("table").get("1212").onsuccess = function () {22 console.log(this.result.name);23 }; */ 24 }25 document.getElementById("add").onclick = function (){26 var obj = {27 "ssn" : document.getElementById("ssn").value,28 "name" : document.getElementById("name").value,29 "email" : document.getElementById("email").value30 };31 //存数据32 db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite").objectStore("table").add(obj).onsuccess = function(event) {33 console.log("add data success!");34 }; 35 }36 document.getElementById("del").onclick = function() {37 //删除数据38 db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite")39 .objectStore("table")40 .delete(document.getElementById("del_ssn").value)41 .onsuccess = function(event) {42 console.log(document.getElementById("del_ssn").value+" delete sucecess");43 };44 }45 document.getElementById("get").onclick = function() {46 //读数据47 db.transaction("table").objectStore("table").openCursor().onsuccess = function(event) {48 var getString = "";49 var cursor = event.target.result;50 if (cursor) {51 getString += "Name for SSN " + cursor.key + " is " + cursor.value.name;52 console.log("Name for SSN " + cursor.key + " is " + cursor.value.name);53 cursor.continue();54 //alert(getString);55 }56 document.getElementById("get_ssn").innerHTML += getString+"<br/>";57 } 58 }59 60 document.getElementById("put").onclick = function () {61 var obj = {62 "ssn" : document.getElementById("putssn").value,63 "name" : document.getElementById("putname").value,64 "email" : document.getElementById("putemail").value65 };66 //修改数据67 db.transaction(["table"], "readwrite").objectStore("table").put(obj).onsuccess = function(event) {68 console.log("put data success!");69 }; 70 }71 }72 </script>73 <body>74 <input type="text" id="ssn" name="ssn" />75 <input type="text" id="name" name="name" />76 <input type="text" id="email" name="email" />77 <button id="add">增加</button>78 <button>重置</button><br/>79 80 <input type="text" id="putssn" name="putssn" />81 <input type="text" id="putname" name="putname" />82 <input type="text" id="putemail" name="putemail" />83 <button id="put">修改</button><br/>84 85 86 <input type="text" id="del_ssn" name="del_ssn" />87 <button id="del">删除</button><br/>88 <button id="get">读取</button>89 <div id="get_ssn"></div>90 </body>91 </html>
效果如下:
HTML5 indexedDB数据库的入门学习