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Nginx反向代理、缓存、 负载均衡、upstream以及fastcgi模块应用

Nginx反向代理,缓存, 负载均衡, upstreamfastcgi模块应用

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Nginx版本为nginx-1.6.2-1.el6.ngx.x86_64.rpm可以去官网下载: http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/x86_64/RPMS/


[root@node1 ~]# rpm -ivhnginx-1.6.2-1.el6.ngx.x86_64.rpm

[root@node2 ~]# vim/var/www/html/index.html

[root@node2 ~]# service httpd start 

[root@node1 ~]# curl http://172.16.18.20  

[root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/nginx/

[root@node1 nginx]# cd conf.d/

[root@node1 conf.d]# cp default.confdefault.conf.bak

[root@node1 conf.d]# vim default.conf

   location / {

       #root   /usr/share/nginx/html;

        proxy_pass http://172.16.18.20/ (添加一个反向代理至172.16.18.20

       index  index.html index.htm;

}

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginx start

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginxconfigtest (检查语法错误)

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginx reload  (重新加载配置文件)

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只代理部分页面:

[root@node2 ~]# cd /var/www/html/

[root@node2 html]# mkdir bbs

[root@node2 html]# cd bbs/

[root@node2 bbs]# vim index.html

[root@node1 conf.d]# vim default.conf

   location / {

       root   /usr/share/nginx/html;

       index  index.html index.htm;

    }

   location /bbs/ {              (这里bbs可以用其他字符替换,例如替换成abc,我们就访问http://172.16.18.20/abc

       proxy_pass http://172.16.18.20/bbs/;

       }

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginxconfigtest

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginx reload   (再次访问页面,)


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设置所有以XXX结尾的文件都

[root@node1 conf.d]# vim default.conf

    location ~*\.(jpg|png|gif)$ {

        proxy_pass http://172.16.18.20;

       }

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginx reload

[root@node2 html]# pwd

/var/www/html

[root@node2 html]# ls   html目录下放一张图片)

2.jpg  bbs index.html


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使被代理的服务器显示真实访问IP而不是显示代理服务器的IP

[root@node1 conf.d]# vim default.conf

   location / {

       root   /usr/share/nginx/html;

       index  index.html index.htm;

    }

   location /form/ {

       proxy_pass http://172.16.18.20//;

       proxy_set_header Host $host;

        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP$remote_addr;

       }

   location ~* \.(jpg|png|gif)$ {

       proxy_pass http://172.16.18.20;

       proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

       }

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginxconfigtest

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginx reload

 

[root@node2 html]# tail /var/log/httpd/access_log

[root@node2 html]# vim/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  (修改日志类型)

LogFormat "%{X-Real-IP}i%l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\"\"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

[root@node2 html]# service httpd restart

[root@node2 html]# service httpd reload

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[root@node2 html]# tail/var/log/httpd/access_log   (查看访问日志可以看到真实的访问IP

172.16.250.18 - - [07/Jan/2015:03:13:26 +0800] "GET // HTTP/1.0" 200 12"-" "curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7NSS/3.15.3 zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2"

 

 

代理缓存功能实现方法!

[root@node1 nginx]# vim nginx.conf

   log_format  main  ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]"$request" ‘

                      ‘$status $body_bytes_sent"$http_referer" ‘

                     ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;

 

   access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

 

proxy_cache_path /cache/nginx/ levels=1:1keys_zone=mycache:32m;

                           注释:/cache/nginx/     :路径,注意属组和属主都必须是nginx (必须设置)

                                     levels=1:1             :允许使用的一级目录的个数和二级目录的个数(可以定义更多),有默认值,可以不设置;            

                                     keys_zone=mycache32m;:内存空间的名字(不得相同)及大小(用来存键)(必须设置)

[root@node1 nginx]# mkdir -pv /cache/nginx

[root@node1 conf.d]# chown -R nginx:nginx/cache/nginx/

[root@node1 conf.d]# vim default.conf

   location /form/ {                              (如果是在server下定义,那么对所有的页面都执行,如果是在location下定义那仅对指定页面缓存)

       proxy_cache mycache;   (表示使用mycache进行缓存)

       proxy_cache_valid 200 1d;  (出现200状态响应码时的缓存时间)

       proxy_cache_valid 301 302 10m; (出现300状态响应码时的缓存时间)

       proxy_cache_valid any 1m; (出现其他状态响应码时的缓存时间)

       proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504; (哪种场景中使用腐败(过期)缓存)

       proxy_pass http://172.16.18.20//;

       proxy_set_header Host $host;

       proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

       }

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginxconfigtest

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginx reload

[root@node1 conf.d]# cd /cache/nginx/  (现在目录内还没有内容,可以使用ls查看)

访问此页面http://172.16.18.10/form/,然后在查看是否生成缓存文件!

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[root@node1 nginx]# ls

[root@node1 nginx]# tree  (这里已经成功生成一级二级子目录和缓存文件)

.

4

    6

      6d07d149c540898146fb4263f67f9764

[root@node2 html]# vim index.html  (尝试修改文件试试,随便添加一些内容)

再次访问,仍然是修改前的结果,这是缓存造成的效果;

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[root@node1 nginx]# rm4/6/6d07d149c540898146fb4263f67f9764 (在代理服务器把缓存文件删除,再次访问)

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再次访问又会生成新的缓存文件,如果是文件要经常修改的,可以吧缓存时间设置短一些!

 

实现负载均衡效果

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[root@node3 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html

[root@node3 ~]# service httpd star

[root@node1 nginx]# cd /etc/nginx/

[root@node1 nginx]# vim nginx.conf

   proxy_cache_path /cache/nginx/ levels=1:1 keys_zone=mycache:32m;

    upstream upservers {                                定义上游服务器,指分别对哪几台服务器实行负载均衡

       server 172.16.18.30;

        server 172.16.18.20;

       }

[root@node1 nginx]# vim conf.d/default.conf  

:.,$s@[:space:]*proxy_cache@#&@g   (全局搜索把[:space:]*proxy_cache开头的行前面加个#

   location /form/ {

       #proxy_cache mycache;                 (取消缓存功能,不然负载均衡看不到效果)

       #proxy_cache_valid 200 1d;

       #proxy_cache_valid 301 302 10m;

       #proxy_cache_valid any 1m;

       #proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;

       proxy_pass http://upservers/;

       proxy_set_header Host $host;

       proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

       }

   location ~* \.(jpg|png|gif)$ {

       proxy_pass http://upservers;

       }

[root@node1 nginx]# service nginxconfigtest

[root@node1 nginx]# service nginx reload (再次访问http://172.16.18.10/form并刷新就可以看到负载均衡效果了)

 

定义负载均衡权重

[root@node1 nginx]# vim nginx.conf

   upstream upservers {

       server 172.16.18.30 weight=2; (修改权重等于2

       server 172.16.18.20;                     (不输入则默认是1

       }

[root@node1 nginx]# service nginx reload

再次访问http://172.16.18.10/form/ 检测结果!(记得多刷新几次才能看出来)

 

[root@node1 nginx]# vim nginx.conf

   upstream upservers {

       ip_hash;     (根据IP进行调度,绑定ip,同一个IP访问时会一直调度到同一个服务器)

       server 172.16.18.30 weight=2;

       server 172.16.18.20;

       }

[root@node1 nginx]# service nginx reload

再次访问http://172.16.18.10/form/ 检测结果!(记得多刷新几次才能看出来)

 

[root@node1 nginx]# vim nginx.conf

   upstream upservers {

       server172.16.18.30 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=1;  (访问失败两次则剔除此服务器)

       server172.16.18.20 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=1;

       }

[root@node1 nginx]# service nginx reload

再次访问http://172.16.18.10/form/ 检测结果!(这是权重是一样的,会出现负载均衡效果)

[root@node3 ~]# service httpd stop (模拟其中一台服务器出现故障)

再次访问http://172.16.18.10/form/ 检测结果! (坏掉的服务器已经被剔除,刷新已经不会显示了)

[root@node3 ~]# service httpd start (服务器重新上线,代理服务器会自动把修好的服务器加进来,访问网页会再次出现node3

[root@node1 nginx]# vim nginx.conf

   upstream upservers {

       server 172.16.18.30 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=1;

       server 172.16.18.20 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=1backup;  (把服务器标记为备用,在node3无法访问时,会把用户访问代理至此服务器)

       }

[root@node1 nginx]# service nginx reload (此时访问就只有node3的页面了)

[root@node3 ~]# service httpd stop (尝试吧node3服务停止,这时会启用备用服务器,访问页面就是node2的页面了)

 

实现自定义响应首部

[root@node1 nginx]# vim conf.d/default.conf

server{

    listen      80;

    server_name localhost;

add_header X-Via $server_addr;  (访问的web服务器)

[root@node1 nginx]#service nginx configtest

[root@node1nginx]# service nginx reload

(我使用Google浏览器,按F12会出现源码内容) 

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[root@node1 nginx]# vimconf.d/default.conf

server {   

    listen       80;

   server_name  localhost;

    add_headerX-Via $server_addr;

   add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;    (查看缓存状态,是否成功启用缓存)

    location/form/ {   (开启缓存功能)

        proxy_cache mycache;

        proxy_cache_valid 200 1d;

        proxy_cache_valid 301 302 10m;

        proxy_cache_valid any 1m;

        proxy_cache_use_stale errortimeout  http_500 http_502 http_503http_504;

[root@node1 nginx]# service nginxconfigtest

[root@node1 nginx]# service nginx reload

 

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linux支持Lump

nginxupstreamfastcgi模块应用

[root@node1 nginx]# yum install php-fpm –y

[root@node1 nginx]# service php-fpm start

[root@node1 nginx]# ss -tnl

LISTEN     0     128                            127.0.0.1:9000  (监听的端口)

[root@node1 nginx]# cd conf.d/

[root@node1 nginx]# vim conf.d/default.conf

    location /{

       root   /usr/share/nginx/html;

        index index.php index.html index.htm;

    }

   location ~ \.php$ {                           (如果用户请求.php结尾)

        root  /usr/share/nginx/html;                   (网页文件路径)

        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;  (反向代理至什么位置)

        fastcgi_index  index.php;            (主页)

        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;     (向后端传递的参数,SCRIPT_FILENAME:参数名,通过/scripts路径向后端传递)

        include        fastcgi_params;                 (扩展fastcgi_params

}

 

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginxconfigtest

[root@node1 conf.d]# service nginx reload

[root@node1 conf.d]# cd ..

[root@node1 nginx]# vim fastcgi_params  (原文件有问题,这里可以全部替换)

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

[root@node1 nginx]# cd/usr/share/nginx/html/

 [root@node1html]# mv index.html nginx.html (为了测试,把原来的页面换个名字,)

[root@node1 html]# vim index.php     (重新建一个php结尾的页面显示php信息)

         <?php

        phpinfo()

?>

 

连接mysql

[root@node1 nginx]# yum install php-mysql

[root@node1 nginx]# service php-fpm restart

(再次访问http://172.16.18.10/页面已经可以看mysql

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[root@node1 nginx]# yuminstall mysql-server (安装mysql服务)

[root@node1 nginx]# service mysqld start

[root@node1 nginx]# ss –tnl mysql监听于3306端口)

LISTEN     0     50                                     *:3306

[root@node1 nginx]# vim/usr/share/nginx/html/index.php 

<?php

$conn =mysql_connect(‘127.0.0.1‘,‘root‘,‘‘);  (连接数据库)

   if ($conn)

        echo succ;                          (成功输出succ

    else

        echo fail;                               (失败输出fail

    mysql_close();

?>

 

 

 

设置动态页面缓存

[root@node1 nginx]# vim nginx.conf

   proxy_cache_path /cache/nginx/ levels=1:1keys_zone=mycache:32m;

fastcgi_cache_path /cache/fastcgi/ levels=1:1keys_zone=fcgicache:10m  inactive=3mmax_size=1g;

[root@node1 nginx]# vim conf.d/default.conf

    location ~\.php$ {

        fastcgi_cachefcgicache;   (调用)

                  fastcgi_cache_valid200 10m; 

        fastcgi_cache_valid302 2m;   

        fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;   

       root   /usr/share/nginx/html;

       fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;

       fastcgi_index  index.php;    

       fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

       include        fastcgi_params;

}                             

[root@node1 nginx]# service nginx reload

[root@node1 nginx]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/test.php

<?php

       phpinfo();

?>

 

访问页面http://172.16.18.10/test.php技术分享

 

压力测试缓存是否有实际效果!

[root@node1 nginx]# vim conf.d/default.conf

location ~ \.php$ {

        #fastcgi_cachefcgicache;

        fastcgi_cache off;  (暂时关闭缓存功能)

       #fastcgi_cache_valid 200 10m;

       fastcgi_cache_valid 302 2m;

       fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;

[root@node1 nginx]# service nginx reload

[root@node1 nginx]# rm /cache/fastcgi/* -rf  (删除所有缓存文件)

[root@node1 nginx]# ab -n 2000 -c 100 http://172.16.18.10/test.php (进行ab测试,2000个请求,并发100

Requests per second:    987.57 [#/sec] (mean)     每秒请求:987.57(# /)(平均)
Time perrequest:       101.258 [ms] (mean)       
每个请求时间:101.258(ms)(平均)

Time per request:       1.013 [ms] (mean, acrossall concurrent requests)   每个请求时间:1.013(ms)(所有并发请求)
Transfer rate:         43837.03 [Kbytes/sec] received   
传输速率:43837.03(kb /)

[root@node1 nginx]# vim conf.d/default.conf(再开启缓存功能测试)

   location ~ \.php$ {

        fastcgi_cachefcgicache;

        #fastcgi_cache off;                (再开启缓存功能测试)

        fastcgi_cache_valid 200 10m;

       fastcgi_cache_valid 302 2m;

       fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;

[root@node1 nginx]# service nginx reload  

[root@node1 nginx]# ab -n 2000 -c 100 http://172.16.18.10/test.php (这次感觉访问速度快了很多)

Requests per second:    8540.88 [#/sec] (mean)    每秒请求: 8540.88(# /)(平均)

Time per request:       11.708 [ms] (mean)             每个请求时间: 11.708(ms)(平均)

Time per request:       0.117 [ms] (mean, across all concurrentrequests)                    每个请求时间: 0.117 (ms)(意思是,所有并发请求)

Transfer rate:          379234.94 [Kbytes/sec] received      传输速率: 379234.94 (kb /)

 

 

 


Nginx反向代理、缓存、 负载均衡、upstream以及fastcgi模块应用