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python网络编程初级

网络编程的专利权应该属于Unix,各个平台(如windows、Linux等)、各门语言(C、C++、Python、Java等)所实现的符合自身特性的语法都大同小异。在我看来,懂得了Unix的socket网络编程,其他的形式的网络编程方法也就知道了。这句话说得还不太严谨。准确的应该说成懂得了socket编程的原理,网络编程也就知道了,不同之处就在于每个平台,每个语言都有自己专享的语法,我们直接灵活套用就行了。

下面是用python实现的最基本的网络编程的例子,即依托于客户端-服务器的架构,实现客户端与服务器之间的单向“数据流通”。我们分别用两个方法来实现,一个方法是最原始的socket编程,另一个方法是利用python的面向对象对第一种方法进行封装实现,目的是减少实现透明性,便于快速开发。

要求:客户端输入数据,发送到服务端,服务器端生成(时间戳+数据)的封装数据回应客户端。由于socket编程包括两种:面向连接的和无连接的,这两种分别对应TCP数据流和UDP数据报文。所以,我们两种方法都进行实现。

一、Python socket编程

面向连接的TCP socket编程:

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 2 3 from socket import * 4 from time import ctime  5  6 # Address and Port 7 HOST = ‘‘ 8 PORT = 21567 9 ADDR = (HOST, PORT)10 11 # BuffSize12 BUFSIZ = 102413 14 # build socket15 tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)16 # bind socket17 tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)18 # listen 5 client 19 tcpSerSock.listen(5)20 21 try:22     while True:23         print waiting for connection...24         # build client socket25         tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept()26         print ...connect from:, addr27 28         # accept data and process29         while True:30             data =http://www.mamicode.com/ tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)31             if not data:32                 break33             tcpCliSock.send([%s] %s % (ctime(), data))34 35             # close client socket 36             tcpCliSock.close()37 except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt:38     tcpSerSock.close()
 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 2  3 from socket import * 4  5 # Address and Port  6 HOST = 127.0.0.1 7 PORT = 21567 8 ADDR = (HOST, PORT) 9 10 # BufferSize11 BUFSIZ = 102412 13 #build socket 14 tcpCliSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)15 tcpCliSocket.connect(ADDR)16 17 while True:18     data = http://www.mamicode.com/raw_input(> )19     if not data:20         break21     # send data22     tcpCliSocket.send(data)23     # recv data24     data =http://www.mamicode.com/ tcpCliSocket.recv(BUFSIZ)25     if not data:26         break27     # show data28     print data29 tcpCliSocket.close()

无连接的UDP socket编程

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 2  3 from socket import * 4 from time import ctime  5  6 # Address and Port  7 HOST = ‘‘ 8 PORT = 8000 9 ADDR = (HOST, PORT)10 11 # BufferSize12 BUFFSIZE = 102413 # build socket14 udpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)15 # bind socket16 udpSerSock.bind(ADDR)17 18 try:19     while True:20         print waiting the message...21         data, addr = udpSerSock.recvfrom(BUFFSIZE)22         print received the message: +data+ from: , addr23         udpSerSock.sendto([%s] %s % (ctime(), data), addr)24 except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt:25     udpSerSock.close()
 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 2  3 from socket import * 4  5 # Address and Port  6 HOST = localhost 7 PORT = 8000 8 ADDR = (HOST, PORT) 9 10 # BufferSize11 BUFSIZ = 102412 13 # build socket 14 udpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)15 16 while True:17     data = http://www.mamicode.com/raw_input(> )18     udpCliSock.sendto(data, ADDR)19     data =http://www.mamicode.com/ udpCliSock.recvfrom(BUFSIZ)20     if not data:21         break22     print data 23 udpCliSock.close()

二、基于封装类SocketServer的网络编程

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 2  3 from SocketServer import TCPServer as TCP, StreamRequestHandler as SRH  4 from time import ctime  5  6 # Address and Port 7 HOST = ‘‘ 8 PORT = 21567 9 ADDR = (HOST, PORT)10 11 # BuffSize12 BUFSIZ = 102413 14 # build RequestHandler15 class MyRequestHandler(SRH):16     def handle(self):17         print ...connected from: , self.client_address18         self.wfile.write([%s] %s % (ctime(), self.rfile.readline()))19 20 # build TCPServer21 TCPServ = TCP(ADDR, MyRequestHandler)22 print waiting for connection...23 # loop to process24 TCPServ.serve_forever()
 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 2  3 from socket import * 4  5 # Address and Port  6 HOST = 127.0.0.1 7 PORT = 21567 8 ADDR = (HOST, PORT) 9 10 # BufferSize11 BUFSIZ = 102412 13 while True:14     # note: SocketServer 的请求处理器的默认行为是接受连接,15     # 得到请求,然后就关闭连接,所以需要多次连接16     tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)17     tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)18 19     # process data20     data = http://www.mamicode.com/raw_input(> )21     if not data:22         break23     tcpCliSock.send(%s\r\n % data)24 25     data =http://www.mamicode.com/ tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)26     if not data:27         break28     print data.strip()29     tcpCliSock.close()

python网络编程初级