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split function of Perl,Python,Awk
使用中常用到Perl,Python,AWK,R, 虽然Java,C,C++,Vala也学过但是就是不喜欢,你说怎么办。
看来一辈子脚本的命。
Perl
@rray = split /PATTERN/, STRING, LIMIT
可以看出split由2部分(STRING,PATTERN)和可选的LIMIT部分构成,反正split么,万变不离其宗,都要有
你要split的String,split的界定,split的保存,其他的可以外加
我们举一个简单的例子:
> cat test.txt (为了对齐,黄色表示<tab>,绿色表示一个或者多个空格)
[我们要把其中的数字和单词提取出来]
14 yahoo 17:56 Ray---boring
> perl -e ‘$str="14 yahoo\t 17:56 Ray---boring";@num_word=split /[\s:\-]+/, $str;print "@num_word\n"‘
14 yahoo 17 56 Ray boring
复杂一点的例子:
[我们要提取浅蓝色的部分]
../Sample_Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624/Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz
../Sample_Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624/Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008_R2_001.fastq.gz
> perl -e ‘$str="../Sample_Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624/Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz";$name = join "_", @{[split /_/, [split /\// , $str]->[2]]}[0..7];print "$name\n"‘
Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008
我们解析一下:
split /\// , $str 把字符串分为3段"..","Sample_Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624","Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz"
[split /\// , $str] 将split的结果变成一个匿名数组
[split /\// , $str]->[2] 是通过引用取得这个匿名数组的第3个元素
[split /_/, [split /\// , $str]->[2]] 是又将split结果变成一个数组(为10个元素) "Tgh","leaf","1","rRNA","removal","20140624","ATTCCT","L008","R1","001.fastq.gz"
由于匿名数组识别数组切片([array]->[0..7]行不通),所以需要把这个数组显性の加上@{}数组标记
@{[split /_/, [split /\// , $str]->[2]]}[0..7] 得到了一个长度为8的数组切片,仍为数组 "Tgh","leaf","1","rRNA","removal","20140624","ATTCCT","L008"
join "_", @rray 把这些元素连接起来,变成一个字符串:Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008
[要注意,分隔符部分是PATTERN,即正则表达式,不是字符串]
[其实可以直接只用一个split,什么参数也不带,这样默认的PATTREN为空格,默认的STRNIING为$_种的字符串(这个是Perl的通行证),这个用在函数,for循环等默认参数是$_的很方便]
例如:
A BC DEF GHIJ
KLMN OPQ RS T
U VWX YZ
> perl -e ‘@rray=("A BC DEF GHIJ","KLMN OPQ RS T","U VWX YZ");@all=();for (@rray){@tmp=split;push @all, @tmp};print "@all\n"‘
A BC DEF GHIJ KLMN OPQ RS T U VWX YZ
Python
Python的很人性化,但是不强大,可是通过其他方式提供和更强大的re.split
由于Python的一切都是对象和类,所以么,
简单的例子:
14 yahoo 17:56 Ray---boring
eehhhh, str类的split无法完成上面的分割(也可以但是你要想一想,看Attachment 1 below),只能借助re.split来完成
> py3 -c ‘import re;stri="14 yahoo 17:56 Ray---boring";print(re.split("[\s:\-]+",stri));‘
[‘14‘, ‘yahoo‘, ‘17‘, ‘56‘, ‘Ray‘, ‘boring‘]
简单的例子:
[我们要提取浅蓝色的部分]
../Sample_Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624/Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz
../Sample_Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624/Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008_R2_001.fastq.gz
> py3 -c ‘stri="../Sample_Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624/Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz";print("_".join(stri.split("/")[2].split("_")[0:7]))‘
Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT
这个用python实现的话就很简单
[split也可以什么都不加,只加一对空括号,默认是以一个或者多个空格分割的]
AWK
split(string,array,sep)是个函数,那种很老的函数
[我们要提取浅蓝色的部分]
../Sample_Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624/Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz
../Sample_Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624/Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008_R2_001.fastq.gz
> echo ../Sample_Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624/Tgh_leaf_1_rRNA_removal_20140624_ATTCCT_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz | awk ‘{split($1,aa,"/");split(aa[3],bb,"_");} END{for(i=1;i<=8;i++){if(i<8){printf("%s_",bb[i])}else{print bb[i]}}}‘
或者
awk -F‘/‘ ‘{split($3,bb,"_");}END{for(i=1;i<=8;i++){if(i<8){printf("%s_",bb[i])}else{print bb[i]}}}‘
Attachment:
1. py3 -c ‘import re;stri="14 yahoo 17:56 Ray---boring";orig=stri.split();part2=orig[2].split(":");part3=orig[3].split("---");print(orig[0:2]+part2+part3);‘
split function of Perl,Python,Awk