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HashTable源代码剖析
<span style="font-size:14px;font-weight: normal;">public class Hashtable<K,V>
extends Dictionary<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {
//transient不能被序列化 数据部分
private transient Entry[] table;
// 元素个数
private transient int count;
//当HashTable的大小超过这个阈值时重Hash
private int threshold;
//装载因子 过大会导致冲突机会变大 过小会导致空间浪费
private float loadFactor;
//fail-fast机制 保证迭代时,其它线程不干扰
private transient int modCount = 0;
//构造函数 初始容量仅仅要大于0即可,不同于HashMap(系统优化为2的幂次)
public Hashtable(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Load: "+loadFactor);
if (initialCapacity==0)
initialCapacity = 1;
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
table = new Entry[initialCapacity];
threshold = (int)(initialCapacity * loadFactor);
}
//默认0.75的装载因子
public Hashtable(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, 0.75f);
}
//默认的构造函数
public Hashtable() {
this(11, 0.75f);
}
//map的初始容量必须大于等于11
public Hashtable(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> t) {
this(Math.max(2*t.size(), 11), 0.75f);
putAll(t);
}
//synchronized线程安全的原因
public synchronized int size() {
return count;
}
//是否为空
public synchronized boolean isEmpty() {
return count == 0;
}
//返回枚举迭代器 keys
public synchronized Enumeration<K> keys() {
return this.<K>getEnumeration(KEYS);
}
//返回枚举迭代器 values
public synchronized Enumeration<V> elements() {
return this.<V>getEnumeration(VALUES);
}
//是否包括此元素 从最后一列循环
public synchronized boolean contains(Object value) {
if (value =http://www.mamicode.com/= null) {> extends V> e : t.entrySet())
put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
//清空
public synchronized void clear() {
Entry tab[] = table;
modCount++;
for (int index = tab.length; --index >= 0; )
tab[index] = null;
count = 0;
}
//复制
public synchronized Object clone() {
try {
Hashtable<K,V> t = (Hashtable<K,V>) super.clone();
t.table = new Entry[table.length];
for (int i = table.length ; i-- > 0 ; ) {
t.table[i] = (table[i] != null)
? (Entry<K,V>) table[i].clone() : null;
}
t.keySet = null;
t.entrySet = null;
t.values = null;
t.modCount = 0;
return t;
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable
throw new InternalError();
}
}
public synchronized String toString() {
int max = size() - 1;
if (max == -1)
return "{}";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> it = entrySet().iterator();
sb.append('{');
for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
Map.Entry<K,V> e = it.next();
K key = e.getKey();
V value = http://www.mamicode.com/e.getValue();>
"(this Map)" : value.toString());
if (i == max)
return sb.append('}').toString();
sb.append(", ");
}
}
private <T> Enumeration<T> getEnumeration(int type) {
if (count == 0) {
return (Enumeration<T>)emptyEnumerator;
} else {
return new Enumerator<T>(type, false);
}
}
private <T> Iterator<T> getIterator(int type) {
if (count == 0) {
return (Iterator<T>) emptyIterator;
} else {
return new Enumerator<T>(type, true);
}
}
private transient volatile Set<K> keySet = null;
private transient volatile Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet = null;
private transient volatile Collection<V> values = null;
//得到set集合
public Set<K> keySet() {
if (keySet == null)
keySet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new KeySet(), this);
return keySet;
}
//KeySet类 key的集合
private class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
public Iterator<K> iterator() {
return getIterator(KEYS);
}
public int size() {
return count;
}
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return containsKey(o);
}
public boolean remove(Object o) {
return Hashtable.this.remove(o) != null;
}
public void clear() {
Hashtable.this.clear();
}
}
public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
if (entrySet==null)
entrySet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new EntrySet(), this);
return entrySet;
}
//EntrySet类
private class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
return getIterator(ENTRIES);
}
public boolean add(Map.Entry<K,V> o) {
return super.add(o);
}
public boolean contains(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
return false;
Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)o;
Object key = entry.getKey();
Entry[] tab = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
for (Entry e = tab[index]; e != null; e = e.next)
if (e.hash==hash && e.equals(entry))
return true;
return false;
}
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
return false;
Map.Entry<K,V> entry = (Map.Entry<K,V>) o;
K key = entry.getKey();
Entry[] tab = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index], prev = null; e != null;
prev = e, e = e.next) {
if (e.hash==hash && e.equals(entry)) {
modCount++;
if (prev != null)
prev.next = e.next;
else
tab[index] = e.next;
count--;
e.value = http://www.mamicode.com/null;>
null : (Entry<K,V>) next.clone()));
}
// Map.Entry Ops
public K getKey() {
return key;
}
public V getValue() {
return value;
}
public V setValue(V value) {
if (value =http://www.mamicode.com/= null)>
e.getKey()==null : key.equals(e.getKey())) &&
(value=http://www.mamicode.com/=null ?
e.getValue()==null : value.equals(e.getValue()));
}
//哈希码 通过 ^
public int hashCode() {
return hash ^ (value=http://www.mamicode.com/=null ? 0 : value.hashCode());>
(T)e.value : (T)e);
}
throw new NoSuchElementException("Hashtable Enumerator");
}
// Iterator methods
public boolean hasNext() {
return hasMoreElements();
}
public T next() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
return nextElement();
}
public void remove() {
if (!iterator)
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
if (lastReturned == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("Hashtable Enumerator");
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
synchronized(Hashtable.this) {
Entry[] tab = Hashtable.this.table;
int index = (lastReturned.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index], prev = null; e != null;
prev = e, e = e.next) {
if (e == lastReturned) {
modCount++;
expectedModCount++;
if (prev == null)
tab[index] = e.next;
else
prev.next = e.next;
count--;
lastReturned = null;
return;
}
}
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
}
private static class EmptyEnumerator implements Enumeration<Object> {
EmptyEnumerator() {
}
public boolean hasMoreElements() {
return false;
}
public Object nextElement() {
throw new NoSuchElementException("Hashtable Enumerator");
}
}
private static class EmptyIterator implements Iterator<Object> {
EmptyIterator() {
}
public boolean hasNext() {
return false;
}
public Object next() {
throw new NoSuchElementException("Hashtable Iterator");
}
public void remove() {
throw new IllegalStateException("Hashtable Iterator");
}
}
}</span>
extends V> e : t.entrySet()) put(e.getKey(), e.getValue()); } //清空 public synchronized void clear() { Entry tab[] = table; modCount++; for (int index = tab.length; --index >= 0; ) tab[index] = null; count = 0; } //复制 public synchronized Object clone() { try { Hashtable<K,V> t = (Hashtable<K,V>) super.clone(); t.table = new Entry[table.length]; for (int i = table.length ; i-- > 0 ; ) { t.table[i] = (table[i] != null) ? (Entry<K,V>) table[i].clone() : null; } t.keySet = null; t.entrySet = null; t.values = null; t.modCount = 0; return t; } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { // this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable throw new InternalError(); } } public synchronized String toString() { int max = size() - 1; if (max == -1) return "{}"; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> it = entrySet().iterator(); sb.append('{'); for (int i = 0; ; i++) { Map.Entry<K,V> e = it.next(); K key = e.getKey(); V value = http://www.mamicode.com/e.getValue();>
"(this Map)" : value.toString()); if (i == max) return sb.append('}').toString(); sb.append(", "); } } private <T> Enumeration<T> getEnumeration(int type) { if (count == 0) { return (Enumeration<T>)emptyEnumerator; } else { return new Enumerator<T>(type, false); } } private <T> Iterator<T> getIterator(int type) { if (count == 0) { return (Iterator<T>) emptyIterator; } else { return new Enumerator<T>(type, true); } } private transient volatile Set<K> keySet = null; private transient volatile Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet = null; private transient volatile Collection<V> values = null; //得到set集合 public Set<K> keySet() { if (keySet == null) keySet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new KeySet(), this); return keySet; } //KeySet类 key的集合 private class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> { public Iterator<K> iterator() { return getIterator(KEYS); } public int size() { return count; } public boolean contains(Object o) { return containsKey(o); } public boolean remove(Object o) { return Hashtable.this.remove(o) != null; } public void clear() { Hashtable.this.clear(); } } public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() { if (entrySet==null) entrySet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new EntrySet(), this); return entrySet; } //EntrySet类 private class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> { public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() { return getIterator(ENTRIES); } public boolean add(Map.Entry<K,V> o) { return super.add(o); } public boolean contains(Object o) { if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) return false; Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)o; Object key = entry.getKey(); Entry[] tab = table; int hash = key.hashCode(); int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length; for (Entry e = tab[index]; e != null; e = e.next) if (e.hash==hash && e.equals(entry)) return true; return false; } public boolean remove(Object o) { if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) return false; Map.Entry<K,V> entry = (Map.Entry<K,V>) o; K key = entry.getKey(); Entry[] tab = table; int hash = key.hashCode(); int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length; for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index], prev = null; e != null; prev = e, e = e.next) { if (e.hash==hash && e.equals(entry)) { modCount++; if (prev != null) prev.next = e.next; else tab[index] = e.next; count--; e.value = http://www.mamicode.com/null;>
null : (Entry<K,V>) next.clone())); } // Map.Entry Ops public K getKey() { return key; } public V getValue() { return value; } public V setValue(V value) { if (value =http://www.mamicode.com/= null)>
e.getKey()==null : key.equals(e.getKey())) && (value=http://www.mamicode.com/=null ?
e.getValue()==null : value.equals(e.getValue())); } //哈希码 通过 ^ public int hashCode() { return hash ^ (value=http://www.mamicode.com/=null ? 0 : value.hashCode());>
(T)e.value : (T)e); } throw new NoSuchElementException("Hashtable Enumerator"); } // Iterator methods public boolean hasNext() { return hasMoreElements(); } public T next() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); return nextElement(); } public void remove() { if (!iterator) throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); if (lastReturned == null) throw new IllegalStateException("Hashtable Enumerator"); if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); synchronized(Hashtable.this) { Entry[] tab = Hashtable.this.table; int index = (lastReturned.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length; for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index], prev = null; e != null; prev = e, e = e.next) { if (e == lastReturned) { modCount++; expectedModCount++; if (prev == null) tab[index] = e.next; else prev.next = e.next; count--; lastReturned = null; return; } } throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } } private static class EmptyEnumerator implements Enumeration<Object> { EmptyEnumerator() { } public boolean hasMoreElements() { return false; } public Object nextElement() { throw new NoSuchElementException("Hashtable Enumerator"); } } private static class EmptyIterator implements Iterator<Object> { EmptyIterator() { } public boolean hasNext() { return false; } public Object next() { throw new NoSuchElementException("Hashtable Iterator"); } public void remove() { throw new IllegalStateException("Hashtable Iterator"); } } }</span>
几点总结
针对Hashtable,我们相同给出几点比較重要的总结。但要结合与HashMap的比較来总结。
1、二者的存储结构和解决冲突的方法都是同样的。
2、HashTable在不指定容量的情况下的默认容量为11,而HashMap为16。Hashtable不要求底层数组的容量一定要为2的整数次幂,而HashMap则要求一定为2的整数次幂。
3、Hashtable中key和value都不同意为null,而HashMap中key和value都同意为null(key仅仅能有一个为null,而value则能够有多个为null)。可是假设在Hashtable中有类似put(null,null)的操作,编译相同能够通过,由于key和value都是Object类型。但执行时会抛出NullPointerException异常,这是JDK的规范规定的。
我们来看下ContainsKey方法和ContainsValue的源代码:
- // 推断Hashtable是否包括“值(value)”
- public synchronized boolean contains(Object value) {
- //注意。Hashtable中的value不能是null,
- // 若是null的话,抛出异常!
- if (value == null) {
- throw new NullPointerException();
- }
- // 从后向前遍历table数组中的元素(Entry)
- // 对于每一个Entry(单向链表)。逐个遍历。推断节点的值是否等于value
- Entry tab[] = table;
- for (int i = tab.length ; i-- > 0 ;) {
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
- if (e.value.equals(value)) {
- return true;
- }
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
- public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
- return contains(value);
- }
- // 推断Hashtable是否包括key
- public synchronized boolean containsKey(Object key) {
- Entry tab[] = table;
- /计算hash值,直接用key的hashCode取代
- int hash = key.hashCode();
- // 计算在数组中的索引值
- int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
- // 找到“key相应的Entry(链表)”,然后在链表中找出“哈希值”和“键值”与key都相等的元素
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
- if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
- return true;
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
4、Hashtable扩容时。将容量变为原来的2倍加1。而HashMap扩容时。将容量变为原来的2倍。
5、Hashtable计算hash值。直接用key的hashCode(),而HashMap又一次计算了key的hash值。Hashtable在求hash值相应的位置索引时,用取模运算。而HashMap在求位置索引时,则用与运算。且这里一般先用hash&0x7FFFFFFF后,再对length取模。&0x7FFFFFFF的目的是为了将负的hash值转化为正值,由于hash值有可能为负数。而&0x7FFFFFFF后。仅仅有符号外改变。而后面的位都不变。
HashTable源代码剖析