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Linux 线程调度的优先级

Linux内核的三种调度策略:

      1、SCHED_OTHER 分时调度策略

      2、SCHED_FIFO实时调度策略,先到先服务。一旦占用cpu则一直运行。一直运行直到有更高优先级任务到达或自己放弃

      3、SCHED_RR实时调度策略,时间片轮转。当进程的时间片用完,系统将重新分配时间片,并置于就绪队列尾。放在队列尾保证了所有具有相同优先级的RR任务的调度公平

Linux线程优先级设置:

    首先,可以通过以下两个函数来获得线程可以设置的最高和最低优先级,函数中的策略即上述三种策略的宏定义:

  int sched_get_priority_max(int policy);  int sched_get_priority_min(int policy);

注意:SCHED_OTHER 是不支持优先级使用的,而 SCHED_FIFO 和 SCHED_RR 支持优先级的使用,他们分别为1和99,数值越大优先级越高。

    设置和获取优先级通过以下两个函数:

int pthread_attr_setschedparam(pthread_attr_t *attr, const struct sched_param *param);int pthread_attr_getschedparam(const pthread_attr_t *attr, struct sched_param *param);  param.sched_priority = 51; //设置优先级

    系统创建线程时,默认的线程是 SCHED_OTHER。所以如果我们要改变线程的调度策略的话,可以通过下面的这个函数实现。

int pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(pthread_attr_t *attr, int policy);

    上面的param使用了下面的这个数据结构:

struct sched_param{    int __sched_priority; // 所要设定的线程优先级};

    我们可以通过下面的测试程序来说明,我们自己使用的系统的支持的优先级:

#include <stdio.h>#include <pthread.h>#include <sched.h>#include <assert.h>static int get_thread_policy(pthread_attr_t *attr){  int policy;  int rs = pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(attr,&policy);  assert(rs==0);  switch(policy)  {  case SCHED_FIFO:    printf("policy= SCHED_FIFO\n");    break;  case SCHED_RR:    printf("policy= SCHED_RR");    break;  case SCHED_OTHER:    printf("policy=SCHED_OTHER\n");    break;  default:    printf("policy=UNKNOWN\n");    break;  }  return policy;}static void show_thread_priority(pthread_attr_t *attr,int policy){  int priority = sched_get_priority_max(policy);  assert(priority!=-1);  printf("max_priority=%d\n",priority);  priority= sched_get_priority_min(policy);  assert(priority!=-1);  printf("min_priority=%d\n",priority);}static int get_thread_priority(pthread_attr_t *attr){  struct sched_param param;  int rs = pthread_attr_getschedparam(attr,&param);  assert(rs==0);  printf("priority=%d",param.__sched_priority);  return param.__sched_priority;}static void set_thread_policy(pthread_attr_t *attr,int policy){  int rs = pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(attr,policy);  assert(rs==0);  get_thread_policy(attr);}int main(void){  pthread_attr_t attr;  struct sched_param sched;  int rs;  rs = pthread_attr_init(&attr);  assert(rs==0);  int policy = get_thread_policy(&attr);  printf("Show current configuration of priority\n");  show_thread_priority(&attr,policy);  printf("show SCHED_FIFO of priority\n");  show_thread_priority(&attr,SCHED_FIFO);  printf("show SCHED_RR of priority\n");  show_thread_priority(&attr,SCHED_RR);  printf("show priority of current thread\n");  int priority = get_thread_priority(&attr);  printf("Set thread policy\n");  printf("set SCHED_FIFO policy\n");  set_thread_policy(&attr,SCHED_FIFO);  printf("set SCHED_RR policy\n");  set_thread_policy(&attr,SCHED_RR);  printf("Restore current policy\n");  set_thread_policy(&attr,policy);  rs = pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);  assert(rs==0);  return 0;}

 下面是测试程序的运行结果:

policy=SCHED_OTHERShow current configuration of prioritymax_priority=0min_priority=0show SCHED_FIFO of prioritymax_priority=99min_priority=1show SCHED_RR of prioritymax_priority=99min_priority=1show priority of current threadpriority=0Set thread policyset SCHED_FIFO policypolicy= SCHED_FIFOset SCHED_RR policypolicy= SCHED_RRRestore current policypolicy=SCHED_OTHER

 

Linux 线程调度的优先级