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网络字体原理

2024-11-03 12:57:02   205人阅读

css 3 的兴起，从而让 前端这个逐渐火了起来，越来越多的人参与研究当中。由 Font-Awesome、ionicons 为代表的网络字体在 css 上火了起来。

以 Font-Awesome 为例：

@font-face {
  font-family: ‘FontAwesome‘;
  src: url(‘../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot?v=4.4.0‘);
  src: url(‘../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot?#iefix&v=4.4.0‘) format(‘embedded-opentype‘), url(‘../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff2?v=4.4.0‘) format(‘woff2‘), url(‘../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff?v=4.4.0‘) format(‘woff‘), url(‘../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.ttf?v=4.4.0‘) format(‘truetype‘), url(‘../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.svg?v=4.4.0#fontawesomeregular‘) format(‘svg‘);
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
}
.fa {
  display: inline-block;
  font: normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;
  font-size: inherit;
  text-rendering: auto;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}
.fa-flag:before {
  content: "\f024";
}

通过在页面上 <i class="fa fa-flag"></i>  就可以得到 技术分享 这么个图标，感觉是不是很神奇，下面看以下里面的原理。

 

找到 fontawesome-webfont.ttf  这个文件，用 FontLab Studio 打开

技术分享

 

原理原来这么简单。

一、TureTpe(.ttf)格式：

.ttf字体是Windows和Mac的最常见的字体，是一种RAW格式，因此他不为网站优化,支持这种字体的浏览器有【IE9+,Firefox3.5+,Chrome4+,Safari3+,Opera10+,iOS Mobile Safari4.2+】；

二、OpenType(.otf)格式：

.otf字体被认为是一种原始的字体格式，其内置在TureType的基础上，所以也提供了更多的功能,支持这种字体的浏览器有【Firefox3.5+,Chrome4.0+,Safari3.1+,Opera10.0+,iOS Mobile Safari4.2+】；

三、Web Open Font Format(.woff)格式：

.woff字体是Web字体中最佳格式，他是一个开放的TrueType/OpenType的压缩版本，同时也支持元数据包的分离,支持这种字体的浏览器有【IE9+,Firefox3.5+,Chrome6+,Safari3.6+,Opera11.1+】；

四、Embedded Open Type(.eot)格式：

.eot字体是IE专用字体，可以从TrueType创建此格式字体,支持这种字体的浏览器有【IE4+】；

五、SVG(.svg)格式：

.svg字体是基于SVG字体渲染的一种格式,支持这种字体的浏览器有【Chrome4+,Safari3.1+,Opera10.0+,iOS Mobile Safari3.2+】。

 

下面再看看 weui 里面的图标是怎么实现的 

@font-face {
    font-weight: 400;
    font-style: normal;
    font-family: weui;
    src: url(data:application/octet-stream;base64,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) format(‘truetype‘);
}

除了 src 其他都一样， 想要看这个字体文件，首先需要 下载下来，怎么下载呢？其实很简单

技术分享

把这个请求的内容到浏览器请求以下，会自动下载一个 不带任何扩展名的文件， 通过它的 src 最后的 format 格式可以知道是 ttf 格式，我把它下载下来后保存为 1.ttf，然后用 FontLab Studio 打开

技术分享

 

网络字体原理


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