3...ABOUT THE VES
4...Foreword



6...Chapter 1......Introduction
6......Visual Effects and Special Effects
7.........Visual Effects
7.........Special Effects
7......Why Use Visual Effects?
8......The Creation of Visual Effects
9......A Bit of Visual Effects History
12.........Optical Printers
13.........Electronics for Camera Control
15.........The Digital Age
18....Unintended Consequences: Where Does Creativity End?
19..........Conclusion



21...Chapter 2......Pre-Production/Preparation
21......Overview
22......Breaking Down a Script—Budgeting
23.........Ballpark Budget
24..........More Detailed Budgets
24..........Bidding
25..........Plate Photography3
26..........Temp Screenings
26..........Reviewing Bids
27..........Contracts
27..........Rebidding during Shooting
27..........Rebidding in Post
27..........Monitoring the Budget and Schedule
27..........Keeping the Budget Down
29......Working With the Director and Producer
29..........Demo Reel
30..........The Meeting
30..........Moving Forward
32......Production Departments
32..........Production Design
33..........Camera

Camera Operator    33

Camera Assistant   33

Special Effects   34
Stunts特技        34
Wardrobe行头，戏装          35
Makeup 化妆      36
Production         36
Visual Effects     37

Planning      37
Testing        37
R&D            38
Reference Materials     38

Modeling       38

Editorial        38

Locations       39

Location Scout  39

Tech Scout        40

Production Meeting        41

Designing Visual Effects Shots  41

Guidelines for Directors  42

Storyboards 42

Previs           43

Objective of the Shot    44

Concept Art                 44

Continuity                    44

Photorealism                45

Original Concepts          45

Budget                        45

Reality and Magic          46

Camera Angles             46

Framing                       46

Scale                           47

- DP: director of photography
- Special effects are sometimes referred to as practical effects or
mechanical effects.

- SFX: Special Effects

- 1st AD： the first assistant director

- DI：digital intermediate