总结1

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2024-11-16 13:55:02 202人阅读

API的英文全称(Application Programming Interface)，WIN32 API也就是MicrosoftWindows 32位平台的应用程序编程接口。对这个定义的理解，需要追溯到操作系统的发展历史上，当WINDOWS操作系统开始占据主导地位的时候，开发WINDOWS平台下的应用程序成为人们的需要。而在WINDOWS程序设计领域处于发展的初期，WINDOWS程序员所能使用的编程工具唯有API函数，这些函数是WINDOWS提供给应用程序与操作系统的接口，他们犹如“积木块”一样，可以搭建出各种界面丰富，功能灵活的应用程序。所以可以认为API函数是构筑整个WINDOWS框架的基石，在它的下面是WINDOWS的操作系统核心，而它的上面则是所有的华丽的WINDOWS应用程序。

什么是Windows API函数

#include <winapifamily.h>
 
/*++ BUILD Version: 0001    Increment this if a change has global effects
 
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
 
Module Name:
 
 
    windows.h
 
Abstract:
 
    Master include file for Windows applications.
 
--*/
 
#ifndef _WINDOWS_
#define _WINDOWS_
 
 
#include <sdkddkver.h>
 
#ifndef _INC_WINDOWS
#define _INC_WINDOWS
 
#if defined (_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1020)
#pragma once
#endif
 
#pragma region Application Family
#if WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_APP)
 
 
/*  If defined, the following flags inhibit definition
 *     of the indicated items.
 *
 *  NOGDICAPMASKS     - CC_*, LC_*, PC_*, CP_*, TC_*, RC_
 *  NOVIRTUALKEYCODES - VK_*
 *  NOWINMESSAGES     - WM_*, EM_*, LB_*, CB_*
 *  NOWINSTYLES       - WS_*, CS_*, ES_*, LBS_*, SBS_*, CBS_*
 *  NOSYSMETRICS      - SM_*
 *  NOMENUS           - MF_*
 *  NOICONS           - IDI_*
 *  NOKEYSTATES       - MK_*
 *  NOSYSCOMMANDS     - SC_*
 *  NORASTEROPS       - Binary and Tertiary raster ops
 *  NOSHOWWINDOW      - SW_*
 *  OEMRESOURCE       - OEM Resource values
 *  NOATOM            - Atom Manager routines
 *  NOCLIPBOARD       - Clipboard routines
 *  NOCOLOR           - Screen colors
 *  NOCTLMGR          - Control and Dialog routines
 *  NODRAWTEXT        - DrawText() and DT_*
 *  NOGDI             - All GDI defines and routines
 *  NOKERNEL          - All KERNEL defines and routines
 *  NOUSER            - All USER defines and routines
 *  NONLS             - All NLS defines and routines
 *  NOMB              - MB_* and MessageBox()
 *  NOMEMMGR          - GMEM_*, LMEM_*, GHND, LHND, associated routines
 *  NOMETAFILE        - typedef METAFILEPICT
 *  NOMINMAX          - Macros min(a,b) and max(a,b)
 *  NOMSG             - typedef MSG and associated routines
 *  NOOPENFILE        - OpenFile(), OemToAnsi, AnsiToOem, and OF_*
 *  NOSCROLL          - SB_* and scrolling routines
 *  NOSERVICE         - All Service Controller routines, SERVICE_ equates, etc.
 *  NOSOUND           - Sound driver routines
 *  NOTEXTMETRIC      - typedef TEXTMETRIC and associated routines
 *  NOWH              - SetWindowsHook and WH_*
 *  NOWINOFFSETS      - GWL_*, GCL_*, associated routines
 *  NOCOMM            - COMM driver routines
 *  NOKANJI           - Kanji support stuff.
 *  NOHELP            - Help engine interface.
 *  NOPROFILER        - Profiler interface.
 *  NODEFERWINDOWPOS  - DeferWindowPos routines
 *  NOMCX             - Modem Configuration Extensions
 */
 
#if defined(RC_INVOKED) && !defined(NOWINRES)
 
#include <winresrc.h>
 
#else
 
#if defined(RC_INVOKED)
/* Turn off a bunch of stuff to ensure that RC files compile OK. */
#define NOATOM
#define NOGDI
#define NOGDICAPMASKS
#define NOMETAFILE
#define NOMINMAX
#define NOMSG
#define NOOPENFILE
#define NORASTEROPS
#define NOSCROLL
#define NOSOUND
#define NOSYSMETRICS
#define NOTEXTMETRIC
#define NOWH
#define NOCOMM
#define NOKANJI
#define NOCRYPT
#define NOMCX
#endif
 
#if !defined(_68K_) && !defined(_MPPC_) && !defined(_X86_) && !defined(_IA64_) && !defined(_AMD64_) && !defined(_ARM_) && defined(_M_IX86)
#define _X86_
#endif
 
#if !defined(_68K_) && !defined(_MPPC_) && !defined(_X86_) && !defined(_IA64_) && !defined(_AMD64_) && !defined(_ARM_) && defined(_M_AMD64)
#define _AMD64_
#endif
 
#if !defined(_68K_) && !defined(_MPPC_) && !defined(_X86_) && !defined(_IA64_) && !defined(_AMD64_) && !defined(_ARM_) && defined(_M_ARM)
#define _ARM_
#endif
 
#if !defined(_68K_) && !defined(_MPPC_) && !defined(_X86_) && !defined(_IA64_) && !defined(_AMD64_) && !defined(_ARM_) && defined(_M_M68K)
#define _68K_
#endif
 
#if !defined(_68K_) && !defined(_MPPC_) && !defined(_X86_) && !defined(_IA64_) && !defined(_AMD64_) && !defined(_ARM_) && defined(_M_MPPC)
#define _MPPC_
#endif
 
#if !defined(_68K_) && !defined(_MPPC_) && !defined(_X86_) && !defined(_M_IX86) && !defined(_AMD64_) && !defined(_ARM_) && defined(_M_IA64)
#if !defined(_IA64_)
#define _IA64_
#endif /* !_IA64_ */
#endif
 
#ifndef _MAC
#if defined(_68K_) || defined(_MPPC_)
#define _MAC
#endif
#endif
 
#if defined (_MSC_VER)
#if ( _MSC_VER >= 800 )
#ifndef __cplusplus
#pragma warning(disable:4116)       /* TYPE_ALIGNMENT generates this - move it */
                                    /* outside the warning push/pop scope. */
#endif
#endif
#endif
 
#ifndef RC_INVOKED
#if     ( _MSC_VER >= 800 )
#pragma warning(disable:4514)
#ifndef __WINDOWS_DONT_DISABLE_PRAGMA_PACK_WARNING__
#pragma warning(disable:4103)
#endif
#if _MSC_VER >= 1200
#pragma warning(push)
#endif
#pragma warning(disable:4001)
#pragma warning(disable:4201)
#pragma warning(disable:4214)
#endif
#include <excpt.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#endif /* RC_INVOKED */
 
#include <windef.h>
#include <winbase.h>
#include <wingdi.h>
#include <winuser.h>
#if !defined(_MAC) || defined(_WIN32NLS)
#include <winnls.h>
#endif
#ifndef _MAC
#include <wincon.h>
#include <winver.h>
#endif
#if !defined(_MAC) || defined(_WIN32REG)
#include <winreg.h>
#endif
#ifndef _MAC
#include <winnetwk.h>
#endif
 
#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <cderr.h>
#include <dde.h>
#include <ddeml.h>
#include <dlgs.h>
#ifndef _MAC
#include <lzexpand.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>
#include <nb30.h>
#include <rpc.h>
#endif
#include <shellapi.h>
#ifndef _MAC
#include <winperf.h>
#include <winsock.h>
#endif
#ifndef NOCRYPT
#include <wincrypt.h>
#include <winefs.h>
#include <winscard.h>
#endif
 
#ifndef NOGDI
#ifndef _MAC
#include <winspool.h>
#ifdef INC_OLE1
#include <ole.h>
#else
#include <ole2.h>
#endif /* !INC_OLE1 */
#endif /* !MAC */
#include <commdlg.h>
#endif /* !NOGDI */
#endif /* WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN */
 
#include <stralign.h>
 
#ifdef _MAC
#include <winwlm.h>
#endif
 
 
#ifdef INC_OLE2
#include <ole2.h>
#endif /* INC_OLE2 */
 
#ifndef _MAC
#ifndef NOSERVICE
#include <winsvc.h>
#endif
 
#if(WINVER >= 0x0400)
#ifndef NOMCX
#include <mcx.h>
#endif /* NOMCX */
 
#ifndef NOIME
#include <imm.h>
#endif
#endif /* WINVER >= 0x0400 */
#endif
 
#ifndef RC_INVOKED
#if     ( _MSC_VER >= 800 )
#if _MSC_VER >= 1200
#pragma warning(pop)
#else
#pragma warning(default:4001)
#pragma warning(default:4201)
#pragma warning(default:4214)
/* Leave 4514 disabled.  It‘s an unneeded warning anyway. */
#endif
#endif
#endif /* RC_INVOKED */
 
#endif /* RC_INVOKED */
 
#endif /* WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_APP) */
#pragma endregion
 
#endif /* _INC_WINDOWS */
 
#endif /* _WINDOWS_ */

windows.h文件

// Win32Project1.cpp : 定义应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Win32Project1.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// 全局变量: 
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // 当前实例
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // 标题栏文本
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // 主窗口类名

// 此代码模块中包含的函数的前向声明: 
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     _In_ LPWSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     _In_ int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    // TODO: 在此放置代码。

    // 初始化全局字符串
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_WIN32PROJECT1, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // 执行应用程序初始化: 
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_WIN32PROJECT1));

    MSG msg;

    // 主消息循环: 
    while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}



//
//  函数: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  目的: 注册窗口类。
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEXW wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_WIN32PROJECT1));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_WIN32PROJECT1);
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));

    return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
}

//
//   函数: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   目的: 保存实例句柄并创建主窗口
//
//   注释: 
//
//        在此函数中，我们在全局变量中保存实例句柄并
//        创建和显示主程序窗口。
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   hInst = hInstance; // 将实例句柄存储在全局变量中

   HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);

   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  函数: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  目的:    处理主窗口的消息。
//
//  WM_COMMAND  - 处理应用程序菜单
//  WM_PAINT    - 绘制主窗口
//  WM_DESTROY  - 发送退出消息并返回
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_COMMAND:
        {
            int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
            // 分析菜单选择: 
            switch (wmId)
            {
            case IDM_ABOUT:
                DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
                break;
            case IDM_EXIT:
                DestroyWindow(hWnd);
                break;
            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
            }
        }
        break;
    case WM_PAINT:
        {
            PAINTSTRUCT ps;
            HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO: 在此处添加使用 hdc 的任何绘图代码...
            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        }
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// “关于”框的消息处理程序。
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
        {
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }
    return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}

总结1

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总结1

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