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Alex 的 Hadoop 菜鸟教程: 第11课 Hive的Java调用

声明

  • 本文基于Centos 6.x + CDH 5.x
说到Hive就一定要说到写程序的时候怎么调用Hive。以下我通过一个例子说明如果通过java来调用hive查询数据

数据准备

建立一个文本文件叫 a.txt,内容是
1,terry
2,alex
3,jimmy
4,mike
5,kate

并上传到hive服务器的  /data/ 目录下

JDBC调用方法

加载Driver

加载driver (只说hive2的jdbc)
Class.forName("org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver");

连接数据库

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hive2://host1:10000/default", "hive", "");

  • 这里的 host1 是主机名
  • 10000是hive默认的端口名
  • default是默认的database
  • hive是默认的用户名,默认密码是空

数据库操作语句

删除表
stmt.execute("drop table if exists " + tableName);

创建表
stmt.execute("create table " + tableName + " (key int, value string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\054'");

查询数据
ResultSet res = stmt.executeQuery("select * from " + tableName);

导入数据
stmt.execute("load data local inpath '" + filepath + "' into table " + tableName);


例子

建立项目

先打开eclipse建立一个maven项目

技术分享
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>org.crazycake</groupId>
	<artifactId>play-hive</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>play-hive</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>3.8.1</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
			<artifactId>hive-jdbc</artifactId>
			<version>0.14.0</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
			<artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.0</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.0.2</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.6</source>
					<target>1.6</target>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
					<optimise>true</optimise>
					<compilerArgument>-nowarn</compilerArgument>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.3</version>
				<configuration>
					<transformers>
						<transformer
							implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ApacheLicenseResourceTransformer">
						</transformer>
					</transformers>
				</configuration>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<phase>package</phase>
						<goals>
							<goal>shade</goal>
						</goals>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>



其中最重要的就是这两段
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
			<artifactId>hive-jdbc</artifactId>
			<version>0.14.0</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
			<artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.0</version>
		</dependency>

其他的都无所谓

建表、导入以及查询数据

建立一个类 HiveJdbcClient
package org.crazycake.play_hive;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.DriverManager;

/**
 * 测试hive 的客户端连接
 * @author alexxiyang (https://github.com/alexxiyang)
 *
 */
public class HiveJdbcClient {
  
  /**
   * 注意:hive-server2 引用的driver是  org.apache.hive.* 而 hive-server 是 org.apache.hadoop.hive.*
   */
  private static String driverName = "org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver";
 
  /**
   * @param args
   * @throws SQLException
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      try {
      Class.forName(driverName);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
      e.printStackTrace();
      System.exit(1);
    }
    //hive的默认端口是 10000,如果要修改就修改 hive-site.xml 文件的hive.server2.thrift.port 属性值
    //默认用户名hive,默认密码为空
    Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hive2://host1:10000/default", "hive", "");
    
    Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
    //测试的表名 testhivedrivertable
    String tableName = "testhivedrivertable";
    
    //如果已经存在就删除
    stmt.execute("drop table if exists " + tableName);
    
    //创建这张表
    stmt.execute("create table " + tableName + " (key int, value string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\054'");
    //看下创建是否成功
    String sql = "show tables '" + tableName + "'";
    System.out.println("Running: " + sql);
    ResultSet res = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
    if (res.next()) {
      System.out.println(res.getString(1));
    }
    
    //看下表结构
    sql = "describe " + tableName;
    System.out.println("Running: " + sql);
    res = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
    while (res.next()) {
      System.out.println(res.getString(1) + "\t" + res.getString(2));
    }
 
    // 加载数据到表里面
    // NOTE: filepath 是本地文件所在的位置,注意这个本地不是你的电脑!
    // 你得先把这个文件上传到服务器,然后这里的路径是服务器上这个文件的路径
    // NOTE: /data/a.txt
    String filepath = "/data/a.txt";
    sql = "load data local inpath '" + filepath + "' into table " + tableName;
    System.out.println("Running: " + sql);
    stmt.execute(sql);
 
    // select * query
    sql = "select * from " + tableName;
    System.out.println("Running: " + sql);
    res = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
    while (res.next()) {
      System.out.println(String.valueOf(res.getInt(1)) + "\t" + res.getString(2));
    }
 
    // count 一下看有多少条数据
    sql = "select count(1) from " + tableName;
    System.out.println("Running: " + sql);
    res = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
    if (res.next()) {
      System.out.println(res.getString(1));
    }
  }
}


输出是
Running: show tables 'testhivedrivertable'
testhivedrivertable
Running: describe testhivedrivertable
key	int
value	string
Running: load data local inpath '/data/a.txt' into table testhivedrivertable
Running: select * from testhivedrivertable
1	terry
2	alex
3	jimmy
4	mike
5	kate
Running: select count(1) from testhivedrivertable

其实java调用很简单的,就是把你在hive shell 里面执行的语句用jdbc执行一遍而已,所以你传输过去的语句的环境是hive server机器,里面写的路径也是从hive server主机的根目录路径出发去寻找数据,所以我们的 a.txt 得上传到服务器上,这段代码才会运行正常。


参考资料

  • https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/HiveServer2+Clients#HiveServer2Clients-JDBC

Alex 的 Hadoop 菜鸟教程: 第11课 Hive的Java调用