1、可以在虚拟机或者服务器上安装centos,具体过程省略,建议使用最小化安装
以root用户登录centos,安装vim、unzip、lrzsz、wget包
yum install vim -y
yum install unzip -y
yum install lrzsz -y
yum install wget -y
2、更新centos内核到最新版本并更换yum源为aliyun源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum update
3、通过rz命令上传oracle11gR2,并解压缩
[root@CentOS ~]# cd /tmp
[root@CentOS tmp]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip && unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
等待解压完成后,会在/tmp目录下生产一个database文件夹,里面就Oracle 11g安装文件。
4、在/etc/hosts文件中添加主机名
[root@CentOS tmp]# vim /etc/hosts
添加192.168.206.135 CentOS
[root@CentOS tmp]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
添加NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=CentOS
[root@CentOS tmp]# hostname CentOS
5、关闭selinux和firewalld
[root@CentOS tmp]# vim /etc/selinux/config
设置SELINUX=disabled
[root@CentOS tmp]# reboot
[root@CentOS tmp]# service iptables stop
[root@CentOS ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@CentOS ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
6、安装Oracle 11g依赖包
[root@CentOS tmp]# yum install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel
7、添加安装用户和用户组
[root@CentOS tmp]# groupadd oinstall
[root@CentOS tmp]# groupadd dba
[root@CentOS tmp]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@CentOS tmp]# passwd oracle
[root@CentOS tmp]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) 组=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)
8、修改内核参数配置文件
[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
添加以下内容
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@CentOS ~]# /sbin/sysctl –p
其中kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 为本机物理内存(4G)的一半,单位为byte。
9、修改用户的限制文件
[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
添加以下内容
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
修改/etc/pam.d/login文件:
[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
添加以下内容:
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
修改/etc/profile文件:
[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/profile
添加以下内容:
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
[root@CentOS ~]# source /etc/profile
10、创建安装目录和设置文件权限
[root@CentOS ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
[root@CentOS ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata
[root@CentOS ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/inventory
[root@CentOS ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
[root@CentOS ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@CentOS ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
11、设置oracle用户环境变量
[root@CentOS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ vim .bash_profile
添加如下内容:
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ source .bash_profile
12、编辑静默安装响应文件
oracle@CentOS ~]$ cp -R /tmp/database/response/ .
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ cd response/
[oracle@CentOS response]$ vim db_install.rsp
需要设置的选项如下:
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=CentOS
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
13、根据响应文件静默安装Oracle 11g
[oracle@CentOS response]$ cd /tmp/database/
[oracle@CentOS database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
开始Oracle在后台静默安装。安装过程中,如果提示[WARNING]不必理会,此时安装程序仍在后台进行,如果出现[FATAL],则安装程序已经停止了。
可以在以下位置找到本次安装会话的日志:
/u01/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2015-06-08_04-00-25PM.log
可以切换终端执行top命令查看后台进程一直是在安装的,/data目录也在不断增大,
当出现以下提示时,代表安装成功:
按照要求执行脚本。
打开终端,以root身份登录,执行脚本:
[root@CentOS ~]# sh /u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@CentOS ~]# sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
14、以静默方式配置监听
重新使用oracle用户登录
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp
成功运行后,在/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/中生成listener.ora和sqlnet.ora
通过netstat命令可以查看1521端口正在监听。
Yum安装netstat软件,软件包是在net-tools中。
[root@CentOS ~]# yum install net-tools
[root@CentOS ~]# netstat -tnulp | grep 1521
15、以静默方式建立新库,同时也建立一个对应的实例。
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
设置以下参数:
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/u01/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = "3277"
其中TOTALMEMORY = "3277"为3277 MB,物理内存4G*80%。
进行静默配置:
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
建库后进行实例进程检查:
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
查看监听状态:
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ lsnrctl status
登录查看实例状态:
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select status from v$instance;
16、Oracle开机自启动设置
1、修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart
将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
2、修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut
将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
3、修改/etc/oratab文件
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ vim /etc/oratab
将orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:N中最后的N改为Y,成为orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
4、输入命令dbshut和dbstart测试
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ dbshut
Oracle监听停止,进程消失。
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ dbstart
Oracle监听启动,进程启动。
- 切换到root账户建立自启动脚本
[oracle@CentOS ~]$ su -
[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
添加以下内容(有些值如ORACLE_HOME和ORACLE_USER等根据实际情况可以修改):
#!/bin/bash
# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.
#
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
‘start‘)
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 already running.
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
touch $LOCKFILE
;;
‘stop‘)
if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 already stopping.
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
rm -f $LOCKFILE
;;
‘restart‘)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
‘status‘)
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 started.
else
echo $0 stopped.
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
- 修改/etc/init.d/oracle服务文件权限
[root@CentOS init.d]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
- 设置为开机启动
[root@CentOS ~]# chkconfig oracle on
8、进行service oracle start/stop/restart测试
9、Reboot重启查看Oracle监听和实例进程均能自动启动。
17、启动em
1、删除早期DBCONSOLE创建的用户:
- sql>drop role MGMT_USER;
- sql>drop user MGMT_VIEW cascade;
- sql>drop user sysman cascade;
2、删除早期DBCONSOLE创建的对象:
- sql>drop PUBLIC SYNONYM MGMT_TARGET_BLACKOUTS;
- sql>drop public synonym SETEMVIEWUSERCONTEXT;
3、重新创建DBCONSOLE:
$emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create
4、如果提示创建失败,输出类似 “Could not complete the configuration. Refer to the log file at /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/orcl/emca_*.log for more details.” 的错误信息,请查看对应的日志文件, 日志文件的最后一行内容如果是 “ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object”,则需要执行一次重建的命令:
$emca -config dbcontrol db -repos recreate
在执行上面命令的过程中需要根据提示输入对应的数据库信息及 SYS、DBSNMP 和 SYSMAN 的登录密码,最后输入 Y 进行确认,如:
STARTED EMCA at Mar 10, 2015 10:03:17 PM
EM Configuration Assistant, Version 11.2.0.0.2 Production
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter the following information:
Database SID: orcl
Listener port number: 1521
Listener ORACLE_HOME [ /opt/oracle/11g ]:
Password for SYS user:
Password for DBSNMP user:
Password for SYSMAN user:
Email address for notifications (optional):
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications (optional):
5、检查 em 的状态
$ emctl status dbconsole
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
https:
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g is running.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /opt/oracle/11g/hemw-pc_orcl/sysman/log
Oracle 11g 基于CentOS7安装并启动em