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Python urllib2 发送HTTP Request

urllib2 是Python自带的标准模块, 用来发送HTTP Request的。  类似于 .NET中的,  HttpWebRequest类

 

urllib2 的优点

Python urllib2 发出的HTTP Request, 能自动被Fiddler截获, 方便了调试。

Python 可以自动处理Cookie

 

urllib2 的缺点

Python urllib2 发出的http Request, 中的header 会被修改成“首字母大写”,

比如你的代码里写的header 是: content-TYPE=application/x-www-form-urlencoded ,  会被修改为 Content-Type=application/x-www-form-urlencoded

 

实例一,  Get方法, 并且自定义header

 

# -* - coding: UTF-8 -* -  
import urllib2

request = urllib2.Request("http://www.baidu.com/")
request.add_header(‘content-TYPE‘, ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded‘)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
print response.getcode()
print response.geturl()
print response.read()

 

实例二, post方法

 

# -* - coding: UTF-8 -* -  
import urllib2
import urllib

request = urllib2.Request("http://passport.cnblogs.com/login.aspx")
request.add_header(‘content-TYPE‘, ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded‘)
data=http://www.mamicode.com/{"tbUserName":"test_username", "tbPassword":"test_password"}

response = urllib2.urlopen(request, urllib.urlencode(data))
print response.getcode()
print response.geturl()
print response.read()

 

实例三: Cookie 的处理

 

# -* - coding: UTF-8 -* -  
import urllib2
import urllib
import cookielib

cj = cookielib.CookieJar()
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))

request = urllib2.Request("https://dynamic.12306.cn/otsweb/")
request.add_header(‘content-TYPE‘, ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded‘)
data=http://www.mamicode.com/{"tbUserName":"test_username", "tbPassword":"test_password"}

response = opener.open(request, urllib.urlencode(data))

# send again, you will see cookie sent to web server
response = opener.open(request, urllib.urlencode(data))

print response.getcode()
print response.geturl()
print response.read()

 

实例四:如何处理跳转

创建Opener时, ul2.HTTPRedirectHandler是默认被加上的handler之一 

 

Python urllib2 发送HTTP Request