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python 操作wmi例子(邮新浪网友提供:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_62c02a630100p0lm.html)
List all running processes
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
for process in c.Win32_Process ():
print process.ProcessId, process.Name
List all running notepad processes
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
for process in c.Win32_Process (name="notepad.exe"):
print process.ProcessId, process.Name
Create and then destroy a new notepad process
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
process_id, return_value = c.Win32_Process.Create (CommandLine="notepad.exe")
for process in c.Win32_Process (ProcessId=process_id):
print process.ProcessId, process.Name
result = process.Terminate ()
Show the interface for the .Create method of a Win32_Process class
Notes:
The wmi module tries to take the hard work out of WMI methods by querying the method for its in and out parameters, accepting the in parameters as Python keyword params and returning the output parameters as an tuple return value. The function which is masquerading as the WMI method has a __doc__ value which shows the input and return values.
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
print c.Win32_Process.Create
Show all automatic services which are not running
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
stopped_services = c.Win32_Service (StartMode="Auto", State="Stopped")
if stopped_services:
for s in stopped_services:
print s.Caption, "service is not running"
else:
print "No auto services stopped"
Show the percentage free space for each fixed disk
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
for disk in c.Win32_LogicalDisk (DriveType=3):
print disk.Caption, "%0.2f%% free" % (100.0 * long (disk.FreeSpace) / long (disk.Size))
Run notepad, wait until it‘s closed and then show its text
Notes:
This is an example of running a process and knowing when it‘s finished, not of manipulating text typed into Notepad. So I‘m simply relying on the fact that I specify what file notepad should open and then examining the contents of that afterwards.
This one won‘t work as shown on a remote machine because, for security reasons, processes started on a remote machine do not have an interface (ie you can‘t see them on the desktop). The most likely use for this sort of technique on a remote server to run a setup.exe and then, say, reboot once it‘s completed.
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
filename = r"c:\temp\temp.txt"
process = c.Win32_Process
process_id, result = process.Create (CommandLine="notepad.exe " + filename)
watcher = c.watch_for (
notification_type="Deletion",
wmi_class="Win32_Process",
delay_secs=1,
ProcessId=process_id
)
watcher ()
print "This is what you wrote:"
print open (filename).read ()
Watch for new print jobs
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
print_job_watcher = c.watch_for (
notification_type="Creation",
wmi_class="Win32_PrintJob",
delay_secs=1
)
#
# Or, from 1.0 rc3 onwards
#
# print_job_watcher = c.Win32_PrintJob.watch_for (
# notification_type="Creation",
# delay_secs=1
# )
while 1:
pj = print_job_watcher ()
print "User %s has submitted %d pages to printer %s" % \
(pj.Owner, pj.TotalPages, pj.Name)
Reboot a remote machine
Notes:
To do something this drastic to a remote system, the WMI script must take RemoteShutdown privileges, which means that you must specify them in the connection moniker. The WMI constructor allows you to pass in an exact moniker, or to specify the parts of it that you need. Use help on wmi.WMI.__init__ to find out more.
import wmi
# other_machine = "machine name of your choice"
c = wmi.WMI (computer=other_machine, privileges=["RemoteShutdown"])
os = c.Win32_OperatingSystem (Primary=1)[0]
os.Reboot ()
Show the IP and MAC addresses for IP-enabled network interfaces
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
for interface in c.Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration (IPEnabled=1):
print interface.Description, interface.MACAddress
for ip_address in interface.IPAddress:
print ip_address
print
What‘s running on startup and from where?
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
for s in c.Win32_StartupCommand ():
print "[%s] %s <%s>" % (s.Location, s.Caption, s.Command)
Watch for errors in the event log
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI (privileges=["Security"])
watcher = c.watch_for (
notification_type="Creation",
wmi_class="Win32_NTLogEvent",
Type="error"
)
while 1:
error = watcher ()
print "Error in %s log: %s" % (error.Logfile, error.Message)
# send mail to sysadmin etc.
List registry keys
import _winreg
import wmi
r = wmi.Registry ()
result, names = r.EnumKey (hDefKey=_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sSubKeyName="Software")
for key in names:
print key
Add a new registry key
import _winreg
import wmi
r = wmi.Registry ()
result, = r.CreateKey (hDefKey=_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sSubKeyName=r"Software\TJG")
Add a new registry value
import _winreg
import wmi
r = wmi.Registry ()
result, = r.SetStringValue (
hDefKey=_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
sSubKeyName=r"Software\TJG",
sValueName="ApplicationName",
sValue="http://www.mamicode.com/TJG App"
)
Create a new IIS site
NB This has only been tested on Win2k3 / IIS6.
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI (namespace="MicrosoftIISv2")
#
# Could as well be achieved by doing:
# web_server = c.IISWebService (Name="W3SVC")[0]
#
for web_server in c.IIsWebService (Name="W3SVC"):
break
binding = c.new ("ServerBinding")
binding.IP = ""
binding.Port = "8383"
binding.Hostname = ""
result, = web_server.CreateNewSite (
PathOfRootVirtualDir=r"c:\inetpub\wwwroot",
ServerComment="My Web Site",
ServerBindings= [binding.ole_object]
)
Show shared drives
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
for share in c.Win32_Share ():
print share.Name, share.Path
Show print jobs
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
for printer in c.Win32_Printer ():
print printer.Caption
for job in c.Win32_PrintJob (DriverName=printer.DriverName):
print " ", job.Document
print
NB This page at Microsoft is quite a good starting point for handling printer matters with WMI.
Show disk partitions
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
for physical_disk in c.Win32_DiskDrive ():
for partition in physical_disk.associators ("Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition"):
for logical_disk in partition.associators ("Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition"):
print physical_disk.Caption, partition.Caption, logical_disk.Caption
Install a product
Needs wmi 1.0rc3 or later
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
c.Win32_Product.Install (
PackageLocation="c:/temp/python-2.4.2.msi",
AllUsers=False
)
This example is after a post by Roger Upole to the python-win32 mailing list.
Connect to another machine as a named user
import wmi
#
# Using wmi module before 1.0rc3
#
connection = wmi.connect_server (server="other_machine", user="tim", password="secret")
c = wmi.WMI (wmi=connection)
#
# Using wmi module at least 1.0rc3
#
c = wmi.WMI (computer="other_machine", user="tim", password="secret")
NB You cannot connect to your own machine this way, no matter how hard you try to obfuscate the server name.
Show a method‘s signature
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
for opsys in c.Win32_OperatingSystem ():
break
print opsys.Reboot
print opsys.Shutdown
This will work in all versions of the wmi module; in 1.0rc3 and later, some enhancements have been made to show the privileges required to run the method.
Schedule a job
Needs wmi 1.0rc3 or later, rc4 for the from_time function
import os
import wmi
import time
#
# These functions are included in wmi from 1.0rc4
#
def str_or_stars (i, length):
if i is None:
return "*" * length
else:
return str (i).rjust (length, "0")
def from_time (
year=None,
month=None,
day=None,
hours=None,
minutes=None,
seconds=None,
microseconds=None,
timezone=None
):
"""Returns a WMI time string of the form yyyymmddHHMMSS.mmmmmm+UUU
replacing each placeholder by its respective integer value, or
stars if None is supplied
"""
wmi_time = ""
wmi_time += str_or_stars (year, 4)
wmi_time += str_or_stars (month, 2)
wmi_time += str_or_stars (day, 2)
wmi_time += str_or_stars (hours, 2)
wmi_time += str_or_stars (minutes, 2)
wmi_time += str_or_stars (seconds, 2)
wmi_time += "."
wmi_time += str_or_stars (microseconds, 6)
wmi_time += str_or_stars (timezone, 4)
return wmi_time
c = wmi.WMI ()
year, month, day, hours, mins, secs = time.gmtime ()[:6]
job_id, result = c.Win32_ScheduledJob.Create (
Command=r"cmd.exe /c dir /b c:\ > c:\\temp.txt",
StartTime=from_time (
hours=hours,
minutes=mins+1,
seconds=secs,
microseconds=0,
timezone="+000"
)
)
print job_id
for line in os.popen ("at"):
print line
The WMI ScheduledJob class correponds to the AT Windows service (controlled through the "at" command). As far as I know, it is notrelated to the Scheduled Tasks mechanism, controlled by a control panel applet.
Run a process minimised
Needs wmi 1.0rc5 or later
import wmi
import win32con
c = wmi.WMI ()
startup = c.Win32_ProcessStartup.new (ShowWindow=win32con.SW_SHOWMINIMIZED)
pid, result = c.Win32_Process.Create (
CommandLine="notepad.exe",
ProcessStartupInformation=startup
)
print pid
Thanks to Keith Veleba for providing the question and code which prompted this example
Find Drive Types
import wmi
#
# cut-and-pasted from MSDN
#
DRIVE_TYPES = """
0 Unknown
1 No Root Directory
2 Removable Disk
3 Local Disk
4 Network Drive
5 Compact Disc
6 RAM Disk
"""
drive_types = dict((int (i), j) for (i, j) in (l.split ("\t") for l in DRIVE_TYPES.splitlines () if l))
c = wmi.WMI ()
for drive in c.Win32_LogicalDisk ():
print drive.Caption, drive_types[drive.DriveType]
List Namespaces
import wmi
def enumerate_namespaces (namespace=u"root", level=0):
print level * " ", namespace.split ("/")[-1]
c = wmi.WMI (namespace=namespace)
for subnamespace in c.__NAMESPACE ():
enumerate_namespaces (namespace + "/" + subnamespace.Name, level + 1)
enumerate_namespaces ()
Use WMI in a thread
Note the use of pythoncom.Co(Un)initialize. WMI is a COM-based technology, so to use it in a thread, you must init the COM threading model. This applies also if you‘re running in a service, for example, which is implicitly threaded.
import pythoncom
import wmi
import threading
import time
class Info (threading.Thread):
def __init__ (self):
threading.Thread.__init__ (self)
def run (self):
print ‘In Another Thread...‘
pythoncom.CoInitialize ()
try:
c = wmi.WMI ()
for i in range (5):
for process in c.Win32_Process ():
print process.ProcessId, process.Name
time.sleep (2)
finally:
pythoncom.CoUninitialize ()
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
print ‘In Main Thread‘
c = wmi.WMI ()
for process in c.Win32_Process ():
print process.ProcessId, process.Name
Info ().start ()
Monitor multiple machines for power events
This is a demonstration of extrinsic events, threading and remote monitoring... all in one small package! The idea is that the power subsystem generates extrinsic events via its WMI provider whenever a machine enters or leaves suspend mode. Extrinsic events are useful because WMI doesn‘t have to poll for them so you shouldn‘t miss any. The multiple machines was just a practical example of using threads.
Note the use of CoInitialize and CoUninitialize in the thread control code.
Note also the simplified use of [wmi].[class].watch_for which will work for intrinsic and extrinsic events transparentlyimport pythoncom
import wmi
import threading
import Queue
class Server (threading.Thread):
def __init__ (self, results, server, user, password):
threading.Thread.__init__ (self)
self.results = results
self.server = server
self.user = user
self.password = password
self.setDaemon (True)
def run (self):
pythoncom.CoInitialize ()
try:
#
# If you don‘t want to use explicit logons, remove
# the user= and password= params here and ensure
# that the user running *this* script has sufficient
# privs on the remote machines.
#
c = wmi.WMI (self.server, user=self.user, password=self.password)
power_watcher = c.Win32_PowerManagementEvent.watch_for ()
while True:
self.results.put ((self.server, power_watcher ()))
finally:
pythoncom.CoUninitialize ()
#
# Obviously, change these to match the machines
# in your network which probably won‘t be named
# after Harry Potter characters. And which hopefully
# use a less obvious admin password.
#
servers = [
("goyle", "administrator", "secret"),
("malfoy", "administrator", "secret")
]
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
power_events = Queue.Queue ()
for server, user, password in servers:
print "Watching for", server
Server (power_events, server, user, password).start ()
while True:
server, power_event = power_events.get ()
print server, "=>", power_event.EventType
Find the current wallpaper
import wmi
import win32api
import win32con
c = wmi.WMI ()
full_username = win32api.GetUserNameEx (win32con.NameSamCompatible)
for desktop in c.Win32_Desktop (Name=full_username):
print desktop.Wallpaper or "[No Wallpaper]", desktop.WallpaperStre
python 操作wmi例子(邮新浪网友提供:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_62c02a630100p0lm.html)