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Nginx负载均衡
- 环境准备
四台服务器、一台客户机、一台nginx负载均衡器、三台web（其中一台web主机为备节点）
- 安装软件
三台web（使用nginx或apache）
web01
[root@web01 /]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] [root@web01 /]# yum -y install httpd [root@web01 /]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ServerName www.web01.com:80 [root@web01 /]# echo "web01_192.168.119.130" > /var/www/html/index.html [root@web01 /]# /etc/init.d/httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [root@web01 /]# curl 192.168.119.130 web01_192.168.119.130 [root@web01 /]# [root@web01 /]# curl 192.168.119.130 web01_192.168.119.130
web02
[root@web02 /]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] [root@web02 /]# yum -y install httpd [root@web02 /]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ServerName www.web02.com:80 [root@web02 /]# echo "web02_192.168.119.133" > /var/www/html/index.html [root@web02 /]# /etc/init.d/httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [root@web02 /]# curl 192.168.119.133 web02_192.168.119.133
web_backup
[root@web_backup /]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] [root@web_backup /]# yum -y install httpd [root@web_backup /]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ServerName www.web03.com:80 [root@web_backup /]# echo "web03_backup" > /var/www/html/index.html [root@web_backup /]# /etc/init.d/httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [root@web_backup /]# curl 192.168.119.131 web03_backup
LB nginx负载均衡器
[root@lb01 /]#wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz [root@lb01 /]#yum -y install pcre pcre-devel [root@lb01 /]#yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ [root@lb01 /]#yum -y install openssl openssl-devel [root@lb01 /]#tar zxvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz [root@lb01 /]#cd nginx-1.6.3 [root@lb01 nginx-1.6.3]# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module [root@lb01 nginx-1.6.3]#make && make install [root@lb01 nginx-1.6.3]#ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin [root@lb01 nginx-1.6.3]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ [root@lb01 conf]# ll nginx.conf nginx.conf.default -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 576 Sep 26 07:20 nginx.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2656 Sep 26 06:33 nginx.conf.default [root@lb01 conf]# egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf.default >nginx.conf [root@lb01 conf]#vim nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream web_pools { server 192.168.119.130:80 weight=5; server 192.168.119.133:80 weight=5; server 192.168.119.131:80 weight=5 backup; } server { listen 80; server_name www.test.com; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://web_pools; } } } [root@lb01 conf]#cd / [root@lb01 /]#vim /etc/hosts 192.168.119.128 www.test.com [root@lb01 /]# nginx #启动服务 [root@lb01 /]#
测试
[root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web02_192.168.119.133 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web02_192.168.119.133 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web02_192.168.119.133 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130
测试backup是否正常
先关闭web01、web02的web服务
[root@web01 /]# /etc/init.d/httpd stop Stopping httpd: [ OK ] [root@web02 /]# /etc/init.d/httpd stop Stopping httpd: [ OK ]
测试
[root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web03_backup [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web03_backup [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web03_backup [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web03_backup [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web03_backup
当web01和web02恢复正常时（nginx负载均衡器是否会自动切换主节点）
[root@web01 /]# /etc/init.d/httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [root@web01 /]# curl 192.168.119.130 web01_192.168.119.130 [root@web02 /]# /etc/init.d/httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [root@web02 /]# curl 192.168.119.133 web02_192.168.119.133
测试（可以自动切换回主节点）
[root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web02_192.168.119.133 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web02_192.168.119.133 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web02_192.168.119.133 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web02_192.168.119.133 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web02_192.168.119.133 [root@lb01 /]# curl www.test.com web01_192.168.119.130
- upstream模块
upstream模块介绍
Nginx的负载均衡功能依赖于ngx_http_upstream_module模块，所支持的代理方式有proxy_pass,fastcgi_pass,memcached_pass。
官方地址：http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html
The ngx_http_upstream_module module is used to define groups of servers that can be referenced by the proxy_pass, fastcgi_pass, uwsgi_pass, scgi_pass, and memcached_pass directives.
- upstream模块相关说明
upstream模块应放于nginx.conf配置的http{}标签内。
upstream模块默认算法是wrr（权重轮询weighted round-robin）
upstream模块内部参数说明
server 负载均衡后面的RS配置，可以是IP或域名，端口不写，默认是80端口。高并发场景要换成域名，通过DNS做负载均衡。
weight 是权重，默认是1.权重大接受的请求越多
max_fails=2 最大尝试失败的次数，默认为1，0表示禁止失败尝试。企业场景：建议2-3、京东1次，蓝汛10次，根据业务需求去配置。
backup 热备配置（RS节点的高可用），当前面激活的RS都失败后会自动启用热备RS。
fail_timeout=20s 失败超时时间，默认是10s。京东1次，蓝汛10次，根据业务需求去配置。常规业务2-3秒。
down 这标志着服务器永远不可用，这个参数一直配合ip_hash使用
Nginx负载均衡
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