首页 > 代码库 > Maven多模块、Dubbo分布式服务框架的SpringMVC项目的基础搭建
Maven多模块、Dubbo分布式服务框架的SpringMVC项目的基础搭建
现互联网公司后端架构常用到Spring+SpringMVC+MyBatis，通过Maven来构建。通过学习，我已经掌握了基本的搭建过程，写下基础文章为而后的深入学习奠定基础。
首先说一下这篇文章的主要内容分为：
1、Maven多模块项目的创建；
2、Maven与SpringMVC的整合；
3、Dubbo的环境配置及与整合；
4、新手在整合过程易犯的错误。
通过一个简单的demo来说明，大家多多指教，分享经验！
一、Maven多模块项目的创建
我们需要建立一个多模块的maven项目，其目录结构为
其中student-api用于暴露接口；student-service用语处理业务逻辑及调用数据访问对象，返回相应数据；student-web主要用于提供dubbo服务，及其他db、spring、springMVC、mybatis等配置。这样设计能够将业务逻辑与数据访问隔离开，同时贴合了spring目标之一，就是允许我们在开发应用的程序时，能够遵循面向对象（OO）原则中的“针对接口编程”，很大程度上达到松耦合。这里将接口API隔离出来作为dubbo生产者的服务接口，供消费应用调用（在后续详细讲解）。
1.新建Maven项目
2.选择项目存放路径后，选择创建一个简单的maven项目
3.填写GroupId和ArtifactId,注意选择或者填写版本号
点击完成后，建立好了student-demo项目。之后删除项目src目录，打开pom.xml将<packaging>jar</packaging>修改为<packaging>pom</packaging>，pom表示它是一个被继承的模块。修改后的pom.xml如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.student.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>student-demo</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<name>student-demo</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<!--模块建立好以后自动生成的-->
<modules>
<module>student-service</module>
<module>student-api</module>
<module>student-web</module>
</modules>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
在建成的项目student-demo上右键选择Maven Module后创建子项目student-api。
填写子模块名字：
项目类型选择：
点击完成，建立好第一个模块后，同样的过程建立好student-service模块和student-web模块，需要注意的是student-web选择的maven类型是：
修改子模块项目目录中的pom.xml文件，把<groupId>XXX</groupId>和<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>去掉，加上<packaging>jar</packaging>，因为groupId和version会继承student-demo中的groupId和version，packaging设置打包方式为jar。例如修改后的student-service模块的pom.xml如下：
1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
2 <project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
5 <parent>
6 <groupId>com.student.demo</groupId>
7 <artifactId>student-demo</artifactId>
8 <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
9 </parent>
10
11 <artifactId>student-service</artifactId>
12 <packaging>jar</packaging>
13 </project>
至此，maven多模块项目已经创建完成，现在我们需要在student-demo项目的pom中增加<dependencyManagement>标签定义可被子项目继承的第三方依赖包，打包配置，资源插件等，同时注意统一定义依赖的版本，避免冲突。这里还利用Maven配置了profiles，可根据情况增加不同的运行环境，并方便快捷地切换项目运行环境，目前我们只设置了dev开发环境。
1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
2 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
3 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
4
5 <groupId>com.student.demo</groupId>
6 <artifactId>student-demo</artifactId>
7 <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
8 <packaging>pom</packaging>
9
10 <properties>
11 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
12 <dep.ver.lombok>1.16.10</dep.ver.lombok>
13 <dep.ver.druid>1.0.1</dep.ver.druid>
14 <dep.ver.mysql>5.1.21</dep.ver.mysql>
15 <dep.ver.springframework>4.2.5.RELEASE</dep.ver.springframework>
16 <dep.ver.mybatis>3.3.0</dep.ver.mybatis>
17 <dep.ver.mybatis-spring>1.3.0</dep.ver.mybatis-spring>
18 <dep.ver.pagehelper>4.1.6</dep.ver.pagehelper>
19 <dep.ver.aspectjrt>1.5.4</dep.ver.aspectjrt>
20 <dep.ver.aspectjweaver>1.8.0</dep.ver.aspectjweaver>
21 <dep.ver.servlet>3.1.0</dep.ver.servlet>
22 <dep.ver.orika-core>1.4.6</dep.ver.orika-core>
23 <dep.ver.javassist>3.20.0-GA</dep.ver.javassist>
24 <dep.ver.paranamer>2.7</dep.ver.paranamer>
25 <dep.ver.concurrentlinkedhashmap-lru>1.4.2</dep.ver.concurrentlinkedhashmap-lru>
26 <dep.ver.gson>2.2.4</dep.ver.gson>
27 <dep.ver.guava>15.0</dep.ver.guava>
28 <dep.ver.slf4j>1.7.21</dep.ver.slf4j>
29 <dep.ver.logback>1.1.7</dep.ver.logback>
30 <dep.ver.log4j>1.2.12</dep.ver.log4j>
31 <dep.ver.slf4j-log4j12>1.7.5</dep.ver.slf4j-log4j12>
32 <dep.ver.logback-ext-spring>0.1.2</dep.ver.logback-ext-spring>
33 <dep.ver.dubbo>2.5.3</dep.ver.dubbo>
34 <dep.ver.zookeeper>3.4.8</dep.ver.zookeeper>
35 <dep.ver.zkclient>0.8</dep.ver.zkclient>
36 <dep.ver.commons-lang3>3.1</dep.ver.commons-lang3>
37 <dep.ver.jackson>1.9.12</dep.ver.jackson>
38 <dep.ver.shiro>1.2.3</dep.ver.shiro>
39 <dep.ver.freemarker>2.3.22</dep.ver.freemarker>
40 <dep.ver.commons-beanutils>1.9.2</dep.ver.commons-beanutils>
41 <dep.ver.junit>4.11</dep.ver.junit>
42 <dep.ver.mockito>1.10.19</dep.ver.mockito>
43 <dep.ver.joda-time>2.9.3</dep.ver.joda-time>
44 <dep.ver.commons-collections4>4.1</dep.ver.commons-collections4>
45 <dep.ver.httpclient>4.5.2</dep.ver.httpclient>
46
47 <dep.ver.fastjson>1.2.11</dep.ver.fastjson>
48
49 <plg.ver.maven-resources-plugin>2.7</plg.ver.maven-resources-plugin>
50 <plg.ver.maven-compiler-plugin>2.5.1</plg.ver.maven-compiler-plugin>
51 <plg.ver.maven-source-plugin>3.0.0</plg.ver.maven-source-plugin>
52 <plg.ver.lombok-maven-plugin>1.14.8.0</plg.ver.lombok-maven-plugin>
53
54 <jdk.ver>1.8</jdk.ver>
55 <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
56 <center.project.name>${project.artifactId}</center.project.name>
57 <profiles.dir>src/profiles</profiles.dir>
58 <jackson.version>2.6.0</jackson.version>
59 </properties>
60 <modules>
61 <module>student-service</module>
62 <module>student-api</module>
63 <module>student-web</module>
64 </modules>
65
66 <dependencies>
67 <dependency>
68 <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
69 <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
70 <version>5.2.4.Final</version>
71 </dependency>
72 </dependencies>
73
74 <dependencyManagement>
75 <dependencies>
76 <!-- spring -->
77 <dependency>
78 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
79 <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
80 <version>${dep.ver.springframework}</version>
81 <exclusions>
82 <exclusion>
83 <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
84 <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
85 </exclusion>
86 </exclusions>
87 </dependency>
88 <dependency>
89 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
90 <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
91 <version>${dep.ver.springframework}</version>
92 </dependency>
93 <dependency>
94 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
95 <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
96 <version>${dep.ver.springframework}</version>
97 </dependency>
98 <dependency>
99 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
100 <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
101 <version>${dep.ver.springframework}</version>
102 </dependency>
103 <dependency>
104 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
105 <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
106 <version>${dep.ver.springframework}</version>
107 </dependency>
108 <dependency>
109 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
110 <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
111 <version>${dep.ver.springframework}</version>
112 </dependency>
113 <dependency>
114 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
115 <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
116 <version>${dep.ver.springframework}</version>
117 </dependency>
118 <dependency>
119 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
120 <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
121 <version>${dep.ver.springframework}</version>
122 </dependency>
123 <!-- spring -->
124 <!-- db -->
125 <dependency>
126 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
127 <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
128 <version>${dep.ver.druid}</version>
129 </dependency>
130 <dependency>
131 <groupId>mysql</groupId>
132 <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
133 <version>${dep.ver.mysql}</version>
134 </dependency>
135 <!-- db -->
136 <!-- mybatis -->
137 <dependency>
138 <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
139 <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
140 <version>${dep.ver.mybatis}</version>
141 </dependency>
142 <dependency>
143 <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
144 <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
145 <version>${dep.ver.mybatis-spring}</version>
146 </dependency>
147 <dependency>
148 <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
149 <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
150 <version>${dep.ver.pagehelper}</version>
151 </dependency>
152 <!-- mybatis -->
153 <!-- apache -->
154 <dependency>
155 <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
156 <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
157 <version>${dep.ver.commons-lang3}</version>
158 </dependency>
159 <!-- apache -->
160 <!-- commons-beanutils -->
161 <dependency>
162 <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
163 <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
164 <version>${dep.ver.commons-beanutils}</version>
165 <exclusions>
166 <exclusion>
167 <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
168 <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
169 </exclusion>
170 </exclusions>
171 </dependency>
172 <!-- commons-beanutils -->
173 <!-- log -->
174 <dependency>
175 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
176 <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
177 <version>${dep.ver.slf4j}</version>
178 </dependency>
179 <dependency>
180 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
181 <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
182 <version>${dep.ver.slf4j}</version>
183 </dependency>
184 <dependency>
185 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
186 <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
187 <version>${dep.ver.slf4j}</version>
188 </dependency>
189 <dependency>
190 <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
191 <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
192 <version>${dep.ver.logback}</version>
193 </dependency>
194 <!-- log -->
195 <!-- dubbo -->
196 <dependency>
197 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
198 <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
199 <version>${dep.ver.dubbo}</version>
200 <exclusions>
201 <exclusion>
202 <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
203 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
204 </exclusion>
205 <exclusion>
206 <artifactId>netty</artifactId>
207 <groupId>org.jboss.netty</groupId>
208 </exclusion>
209 </exclusions>
210 </dependency>
211 <!-- dubbo -->
212 <!-- zookeeper -->
213 <dependency>
214 <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
215 <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
216 <version>${dep.ver.zookeeper}</version>
217 <exclusions>
218 <exclusion>
219 <groupId>log4j</groupId>
220 <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
221 </exclusion>
222 </exclusions>
223 </dependency>
224 <dependency>
225 <groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
226 <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
227 <version>${dep.ver.zkclient}</version>
228 <exclusions>
229 <exclusion>
230 <groupId>log4j</groupId>
231 <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
232 </exclusion>
233 </exclusions>
234 </dependency>
235 <!-- zookeeper -->
236 <!-- jackson -->
237 <dependency>
238 <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
239 <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
240 <version>${dep.ver.jackson}</version>
241 </dependency>
242 <dependency>
243 <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
244 <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
245 <version>${dep.ver.jackson}</version>
246 </dependency>
247 <!-- jackson -->
248 <!-- aspectj -->
249 <dependency>
250 <groupId>aspectj</groupId>
251 <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
252 <version>${dep.ver.aspectjrt}</version>
253 </dependency>
254 <dependency>
255 <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
256 <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
257 <version>${dep.ver.aspectjweaver}</version>
258 </dependency>
259 <!-- aspectj -->
260 <!-- servlet -->
261 <dependency>
262 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
263 <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
264 <version>${dep.ver.servlet}</version>
265 <scope>provided</scope>
266 </dependency>
267 <!-- servlet -->
268 <!-- javassist -->
269 <dependency>
270 <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
271 <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
272 <version>${dep.ver.javassist}</version>
273 </dependency>
274 <!-- javassist -->
275 <!-- test start -->
276 <dependency>
277 <groupId>junit</groupId>
278 <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
279 <version>${dep.ver.junit}</version>
280 <scope>test</scope>
281 </dependency>
282 <dependency>
283 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
284 <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
285 <version>${dep.ver.springframework}</version>
286 <scope>test</scope>
287 </dependency>
288 <dependency>
289 <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
290 <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
291 <version>${dep.ver.mockito}</version>
292 <scope>test</scope>
293 </dependency>
294 <!-- test end -->
295 <!-- google -->
296 <dependency>
297 <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
298 <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
299 <version>${dep.ver.gson}</version>
300 </dependency>
301 <dependency>
302 <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
303 <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
304 <version>${dep.ver.guava}</version>
305 </dependency>
306 <!-- google -->
307 <!-- lombok -->
308 <dependency>
309 <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
310 <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
311 <version>${dep.ver.lombok}</version>
312 </dependency>
313 <!-- lombok -->
314 <dependency>
315 <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
316 <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
317 <version>${dep.ver.commons-collections4}</version>
318 </dependency>
319 <dependency>
320 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
321 <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
322 <version>${dep.ver.httpclient}</version>
323 <exclusions>
324 <exclusion>
325 <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
326 <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
327 </exclusion>
328 </exclusions>
329 </dependency>
330 </dependencies>
331 </dependencyManagement>
332
333 <profiles>
334 <profile>
335 <id>local</id>
336 <build>
337 <resources>
338 <resource>
339 <directory>${profiles.dir}/local</directory>
340 </resource>
341 </resources>
342 </build>
343 </profile>
344
345 <profile>
346 <id>dev</id>
347 <build>
348 <resources>
349 <resource>
350 <directory>${profiles.dir}/dev</directory>
351 </resource>
352 </resources>
353 </build>
354 </profile>
355 </profiles>
356
357 <build>
358 <finalName>${center.project.name}</finalName>
359
360 <plugins>
361 <plugin>
362 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
363 <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
364 <version>${plg.ver.maven-resources-plugin}</version>
365 <configuration>
366 <encoding>${encoding}</encoding>
367 </configuration>
368 </plugin>
369 <plugin>
370 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
371 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
372 <version>${plg.ver.maven-compiler-plugin}</version>
373 <configuration>
374 <source>${jdk.ver}</source>
375 <target>${jdk.ver}</target>
376 <encoding>${encoding}</encoding>
377 </configuration>
378 </plugin>
379 <plugin>
380 <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
381 <version>${plg.ver.maven-source-plugin}</version>
382 <configuration>
383 <attach>true</attach>
384 </configuration>
385 <executions>
386 <execution>
387 <phase>compile</phase>
388 <goals>
389 <goal>jar</goal>
390 </goals>
391 </execution>
392 </executions>
393 </plugin>
394 </plugins>
395 <resources>
396 <resource>
397 <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
398 <filtering>true</filtering>
399 </resource>
400 </resources>
401 </build>
402 </project>
在student-api中继承父pom的依赖，并且直接引入。
1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
2 <project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
5 <parent>
6 <groupId>com.student.demo</groupId>
7 <artifactId>student-demo</artifactId>
8 <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
9 </parent>
10 <artifactId>student-api</artifactId>
11
12 <dependencies>
13 <dependency>
14 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
15 <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
16 <version>${dep.ver.fastjson}</version>
17 </dependency>
18
19 <dependency>
20 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
21 <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
22 </dependency>
23 <dependency>
24 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
25 <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
26 </dependency>
27 <dependency>
28 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
29 <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
30 </dependency>
31 <!-- google -->
32 <dependency>
33 <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
34 <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
35 </dependency>
36 <dependency>
37 <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
38 <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
39 </dependency>
40 <!-- google -->
41
42 </dependencies>
43 </project>
在student-service中添加继承依赖，添加对student-api的依赖。
1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
2 <project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
5 <parent>
6 <groupId>com.student.demo</groupId>
7 <artifactId>student-demo</artifactId>
8 <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
9 </parent>
10 <artifactId>student-service</artifactId>
11
12 <dependencies>
13 <dependency>
14 <groupId>com.student.demo</groupId>
15 <artifactId>student-api</artifactId>
16 <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
17 </dependency>
18
19 <dependency>
20 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
21 <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
22 <version>${dep.ver.fastjson}</version>
23 </dependency>
24
25 <!-- oss相关依赖 -->
26 <dependency>
27 <groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId>
28 <artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId>
29 <version>2.0.7</version>
30 <exclusions>
31 <exclusion>
32 <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
33 <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
34 </exclusion>
35 </exclusions>
36 </dependency>
37 <!-- oss相关依赖 结束 -->
38
39 <!-- db -->
40 <dependency>
41 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
42 <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
43 </dependency>
44 <dependency>
45 <groupId>mysql</groupId>
46 <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
47 </dependency>
48 <!-- db -->
49
50 <!-- mybatis -->
51 <dependency>
52 <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
53 <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
54 </dependency>
55 <dependency>
56 <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
57 <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
58 </dependency>
59 <dependency>
60 <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
61 <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
62 </dependency>
63 <!-- mybatis -->
64
65 <!-- spring配置 -->
66 <dependency>
67 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
68 <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
69 </dependency>
70 <dependency>
71 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
72 <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
73 </dependency>
74 <dependency>
75 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
76 <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
77 </dependency>
78 <dependency>
79 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
80 <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
81 </dependency>
82 <dependency>
83 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
84 <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
85 </dependency>
86 <dependency>
87 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
88 <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
89 </dependency>
90 <dependency>
91 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
92 <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
93 </dependency>
94 <!-- spring配置 -->
95
96 <!-- jackson -->
97 <!-- <dependency> -->
98 <!-- <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> -->
99 <!-- <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId> -->
100 <!-- </dependency> -->
101 <!-- <dependency> -->
102 <!-- <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> -->
103 <!-- <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> -->
104 <!-- </dependency> -->
105 <dependency>
106 <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
107 <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
108 <version>${jackson.version}</version>
109 </dependency>
110 <dependency>
111 <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
112 <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
113 <version>${jackson.version}</version>
114 </dependency>
115 <dependency>
116 <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
117 <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
118 <version>${jackson.version}</version>
119 </dependency>
120 <!-- jackson -->
121
122 <!-- log -->
123 <dependency>
124 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
125 <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
126 </dependency>
127 <dependency>
128 <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
129 <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
130 </dependency>
131 <dependency>
132 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
133 <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
134 </dependency>
135 <dependency>
136 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
137 <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
138 </dependency>
139 <!-- log -->
140
141 <!-- google -->
142 <dependency>
143 <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
144 <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
145 </dependency>
146 <!-- <dependency> -->
147 <!-- <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> -->
148 <!-- <artifactId>gson</artifactId> -->
149 <!-- </dependency> -->
150 <!-- google -->
151
152 <dependency>
153 <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
154 <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
155 </dependency>
156
157 <dependency>
158 <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
159 <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
160 </dependency>
161
162 <dependency>
163 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
164 <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
165 </dependency>
166
167 <dependency>
168 <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
169 <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
170 </dependency>
171
172 <!-- aspectj -->
173 <dependency>
174 <groupId>aspectj</groupId>
175 <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
176 </dependency>
177 <dependency>
178 <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
179 <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
180 </dependency>
181 <!-- aspectj -->
182
183 <!-- dubbo -->
184 <dependency>
185 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
186 <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
187 <exclusions>
188 <exclusion>
189 <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
190 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
191 </exclusion>
192 <exclusion>
193 <artifactId>netty</artifactId>
194 <groupId>org.jboss.netty</groupId>
195 </exclusion>
196 </exclusions>
197 </dependency>
198 <dependency>
199 <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
200 <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
201 <exclusions>
202 <exclusion>
203 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
204 <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
205 </exclusion>
206 </exclusions>
207 </dependency>
208 <dependency>
209 <groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
210 <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
211 <exclusions>
212 <exclusion>
213 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
214 <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
215 </exclusion>
216 </exclusions>
217 </dependency>
218 <!-- dubbo -->
219
220 <dependency>
221 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
222 <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
223 </dependency>
224
225 <dependency>
226 <groupId>cglib</groupId>
227 <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
228 <version>3.1</version>
229 </dependency>
230 </dependencies>
231 </project>
在student-web中继承依赖，添加对student-api，student-service的依赖。注意子项目依赖版本都为<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
2 <project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
5 <parent>
6 <groupId>com.student.demo</groupId>
7 <artifactId>student-demo</artifactId>
8 <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
9 </parent>
10 <artifactId>student-web</artifactId>
11 <packaging>war</packaging>
12 <dependencies>
13 <dependency>
14 <groupId>junit</groupId>
15 <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
16 </dependency>
17
18 <dependency>
19 <groupId>com.student.demo</groupId>
20 <artifactId>student-api</artifactId>
21 <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
22 </dependency>
23 <dependency>
24 <groupId>com.student.demo</groupId>
25 <artifactId>student-service</artifactId>
26 <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
27 </dependency>
28 </dependencies>
29 <build>
30 <finalName>student-web</finalName>
31 </build>
32 </project>
二、Maven与SpringMVC的整合
1.第一部分已经在项目pom文件中配置了spring的相关依赖
2.在student-web项目根路径上添加profiles源目录及配置文件
注意是建立源文件不是普通文件夹。
然后在此源文件夹下建立普通文件夹props，用于存放配置文件。在props下新建db-config.properties资源文件，用于配置mysql，其配置内容为：
1 database.database=mysql
2 database.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
3 database.url=jdbc:mysql://172.0.0.1:3306/student_data?characterEncoding=utf8
4 database.user=root
5 database.password=root
6 database.show_sql=true
在mysql数据库中建立一张简单的student数据表，其结构为：
3.在student-web的src/main/resources目录中新建spring文件夹，新建spring-base.xml和spring-dispatcher.xml。其中值得说明一下的是，spring监听器ContextLoaderListener和控制器DispatcherServlet会加载应用上下文。其中上下文参数contextConfigLocation的value值是根应用上下文路径classpath:spring/spring-base.xml，它会被ContextLoaderListener加载bean定义。spring-base.xml中的内容为：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 开启aspectj自动注解 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" />
<context:component-scan base-package="org.student" />
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 配置文件加载 -->
<bean id="propertyConfigurer"
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="order" value="1" />
<property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" />
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>classpath:props/db-config.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<import resource="classpath:spring/spring-db.xml" />
</beans>
同样DispatcherServlet会从classpath:spring/spring-dispatcher.xml加载它的bean。
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
4 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
11
12 <mvc:annotation-driven>
13 <mvc:message-converters>
14 <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter " />
15 </mvc:message-converters>
16 </mvc:annotation-driven>
17
18 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
19 <!-- 相当于注册了DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter两个bean，配置一些messageconverter。即解决了@Controller注解的使用前提配置 -->
20 </beans>
4.在Web.xml中声明DispatcherServlet
SpringMVC所有请求都会通过一个前端控制器DispatcherServlet，通过这个控制器将请求委托给应用程序的其它执行单元来处理，所以需要通过web.xml来注册。打开student-web项目目录下src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml，修改web.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
3 xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
5 id="schedule-console" version="3.0">
6 <display-name>student-web</display-name>
7
8 <!-- web.xml中加载顺序是 context-param -> listener -> filter -> servlet -->
9 <!-- spring基础配置文件位置 -->
10 <context-param>
11 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
12 <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-base.xml</param-value>
13 </context-param>
14
15 <!-- Spring监听 -->
16 <listener>
17 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
18 </listener>
19 <!-- 设置servlet编码开始 -->
20 <filter>
21 <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
22 <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
23 <init-param>
24 <param-name>encoding</param-name>
25 <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
26 </init-param>
27 <init-param>
28 <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
29 <param-value>true</param-value>
30 </init-param>
31 </filter>
32 <filter-mapping>
33 <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
34 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
35 </filter-mapping>
36 <!-- 设置servlet编码结束 -->
37 <servlet>
38 <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
39 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
40 <init-param>
41 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
42 <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-dispatcher.xml</param-value>
43 </init-param>
44 </servlet>
45 <servlet-mapping>
46 <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
47 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
48 </servlet-mapping>
49 </web-app>
5.spring与Mybatis的整合
在student-web的src/main/resources目录中新建mybatis文件夹，再在此目录新建mybatis.xml和mapper文件夹。在spring文件夹下新建spring-db.xml用于spring加载mybatis配置。spring-db.xml内容如下：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
4 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">
11
12 <!-- 采用druid作为连接池 -->
13 <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
14 init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
15 <!-- 基本属性 url、user、password -->
16 <property name="driverClassName" value="${database.driverClassName}" />
17 <property name="url" value="${database.url}" />
18 <property name="username" value="${database.user}" />
19 <property name="password" value="${database.password}" />
20
21 <!-- 配置初始化大小、最小、最大 -->
22 <property name="initialSize" value="1" />
23 <property name="minIdle" value="1" />
24 <property name="maxActive" value="20" />
25
26 <!-- 配置获取连接等待超时的时间 -->
27 <property name="maxWait" value="60000" />
28
29 <!-- 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测，检测需要关闭的空闲连接，单位是毫秒 -->
30 <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000" />
31
32 <!-- 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间，单位是毫秒 -->
33 <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="300000" />
34 <property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT ‘x‘" />
35 <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
36 <property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" />
37 <property name="testOnReturn" value="false" />
38
39 <!-- 打开PSCache，并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小 -->
40 <property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true" />
41 <property name="maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize"
42 value="20" />
43
44 <!-- 配置监控统计拦截的filters -->
45 <property name="filters" value="stat" />
46 </bean>
47
48 <!-- 配置mybatis的sqlSessionFactory -->
49 <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
50 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
51 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis/mybatis.xml" />
52 <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml" />
53 </bean>
54
55 <!-- mybatis mapper接口扫描 -->
56 <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
57 <property name="basePackage" value="org.student.service.mapper" />
58 <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
59 </bean>
60
61 <bean id="transactionManager"
62 class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
63 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
64 </bean>
65
66 <!-- 开启@Transactional事务注解 -->
67 <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
68 </beans>
三、Dubbo的环境配置及与整合
我们已经搭建好student-demo项目来作为provider，为其它服务提供接口，所以我们需要先配置好dubbo提供者，PS：这里不会讲解zookeeper的搭建，请自行百度。其项目结构为：
1.首先在student-web中配置dubbo
由于我们已经在student-demo中添加了dubbo和zookeeper的相关依赖，下一步字啊resources目录中建立dubbo文件夹，再新建dubbo-producer.xml，同时在profiles的dev环境中添加dubbo-producer.properties配置文件，设置zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址，配置group分组，服务端口，注册中心请求超时时间(毫秒)和版本。其中组别＋接口地址＋版本号唯一的标识了一个接口。文件内容为：
1 student-registry-address=172.0.0.1:2181
2 student-group=student-min
3 student-service-port=22026
4 student-timeout=120000
5 student-version=1.0.0
这样我们就可以来配置dubbo-producer.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:props/dubbo-producer.properties" ignore-unresolvable="true"/>
<dubbo:application name="provider-student-demo"/>
<dubbo:registry address="${student-registry-address}" protocol="zookeeper"/>
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="${student-service-port}" accesslog="true" />
</beans>
2.写一个简单的服务接口
1）首先在student-service中建立Student实体类
1 package org.student.bean;
2
3 public class Student {
4 private Long id;
5 private String name;
6 private Integer age;
7 public Long getId() {
8 return id;
9 }
10 public void setId(Long id) {
11 this.id = id;
12 }
13 public String getName() {
14 return name;
15 }
16 public void setName(String name) {
17 this.name = name;
18 }
19 public Integer getAge() {
20 return age;
21 }
22 public void setAge(Integer age) {
23 this.age = age;
24 }
25
26
27 }
2）同时在student-api中建立与实体bean对应的DTO类实现Serializable接口，并重写toString方法。一般为了不破坏实体类和数据库表一一对应的接口，我们会新建一个DTO实体类，并且加入一些冗余的字段，作为前后端的传输对象。
1 package org.student.api.dto;
2
3 import java.io.Serializable;
4
5 public class StudentDTO implements Serializable{
6
7 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
8 private Long id;
9 private String name;
10 private Integer age;
11 public Long getId() {
12 return id;
13 }
14 public void setId(Long id) {
15 this.id = id;
16 }
17 public String getName() {
18 return name;
19 }
20 public void setName(String name) {
21 this.name = name;
22 }
23 public Integer getAge() {
24 return age;
25 }
26 public void setAge(Integer age) {
27 this.age = age;
28 }
29
30 @Override
31 public String toString() {
32 return "id = " + id + ", name = " + name + ",age = " + age;
33 }
34
35
36 }
3）在student-api中建立StudentApi接口，值得注意的是@service注解中的对象
1 package org.student.api;
2
3 import java.util.List;
4
5 import org.student.api.dto.StudentDTO;
6
7 public interface StudentApi {
8 List<StudentDTO> listStudents();
9 }
4）在dubbo-producer.xml中注册StudentApi，添加配置：
<dubbo:service interface="org.student.api.StudentApi" ref="studentApi" group="${student-group}" version="${student-version}" timeout="${student-timeout}" />
5）从service业务逻辑层子模块开始编写接口实现，新建在student-service中新建StudentBiz实现StudentApi接口
1 package org.student.service.biz;
2
3 import java.util.List;
4
5 import org.slf4j.Logger;
6 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
7 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
8 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
9 import org.student.api.StudentApi;
10 import org.student.api.dto.StudentDTO;
11 import org.student.bean.Student;
12 import org.student.service.StudentService;
13
14 import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
15
16 @Service("studentApi")
17 public class StudentBiz implements StudentApi{
18 private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StudentBiz.class);
19
20 @Autowired
21 private StudentService studentService;
22
23 @Override
24 public List<StudentDTO> listStudents() {
25 List<Student> listStudent = studentService.listStudent();
26 List<StudentDTO> listStudentDTO = Lists.newArrayList();
27 for(Student student: listStudent){
28 StudentDTO studentDTO = new StudentDTO();
29 studentDTO.setId(student.getId());
30 studentDTO.setAge(student.getAge());
31 studentDTO.setName(student.getName());
32 listStudentDTO.add(studentDTO);
33 }
34 return listStudentDTO;
35 }
36 }
6）在student-service中创建service层接口StudentService
1 package org.student.service;
2
3 import java.util.List;
4
5 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
6 import org.student.bean.Student;
7
8 @Service
9 public interface StudentService {
10
11 List<Student> listStudent();
12
13 }
7）在student-service中实现StudentService接口
1 package org.student.service.impl;
2
3 import java.util.List;
4
5 import javax.annotation.Resource;
6
7 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
8 import org.student.bean.Student;
9 import org.student.service.StudentService;
10 import org.student.service.mapper.StudentMapper;
11
12 @Service("studentService")
13 public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService{
14
15 @Resource
16 private StudentMapper studentMapper;
17
18 @Override
19 public List<Student> listStudent() {
20 List<Student> listStudent = studentMapper.listStudent();
21 return listStudent;
22 }
23
24 }
8）在student-service中创建数据层StudentMapper接口
1 package org.student.service.mapper;
2
3 import java.util.List;
4
5 import org.student.bean.Student;
6
7 public interface StudentMapper {
8 List<Student> listStudent();
9 }
9）在student-web中创建实体映射的XML文件，注意StudentMapper类与sql ID的对应关系
View Codedubbo提供者已创建完成，创建完成子应用结构为
3.为了更好的验证，需要创建一个消费者，跳用dubbo接口，其项目结构与子项目student-web类似，Maven项目类型为Webapp project。为了不冗余介绍，请参考Maven项目搭建方式。其将建完成的结构为：
作为消费者，student-test项目的dubbo配置有所不同
1）dubbo-consumer.properties的service-group应该与提供者一致，否者找不到提供者方的接口。同时pom.xml中需要增加对的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.student.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>student-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
1 student-registry-address=172.0.0.1:2181
2 student-service-group=student-min
3 student-service-version=1.0.0
4 student-service-timeout=120000
2）spring-dubbo-consumer.xml的配置及接口调用方式
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
4 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
10 http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
11 http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
12
13 <dubbo:application name="consumer-student-test" />
14
15 <dubbo:registry address="${student-registry-address}" protocol="zookeeper" />
16
17
18 <dubbo:reference id="studentApi" interface="org.student.api.StudentApi"
19 group="${student-service-group}" version="${student-service-version}"
20 check="false" />
21
22 </beans>
3）调用者的controller层
1 package org.student.controller;
2
3 import javax.annotation.Resource;
4
5 import org.slf4j.Logger;
6 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
7 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
8 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
9 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
10 import org.student.api.StudentApi;
11
12 @RestController
13 @RequestMapping("/student")
14 public class StudentController {
15 private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StudentController.class);
16
17 @Resource
18 private StudentApi studentApi;
19
20 @RequestMapping(path = "/listStudent", method = RequestMethod.POST)
21 public void listStudent(){
22 logger.info("get students...");
23 logger.info("the data are " + studentApi.listStudents());
24 }
25 }
4）服务器同时启动provider和consumer，会看到启动信息
查看zookeeper注册中心发现提供者消费者都已成功注册
5）测试接口
由于我并没有写view层来展示数据，现在只能通过控制台的日志信息来简单测试接口。（logback的用法不做解释）利用浏览器post请求访问
http://172.0.0.1:8080/student-test/student/listStudent，控制台输出为
[http-nio-8080-exec-2] INFO 2016-11-07 18:33:24.450 o.s.c.StudentController[24] - get students...
[DubboServerHandler-172.28.19.7:22026-thread-2] INFO 2016-11-07 18:33:24.729 d.a.o.s.a.StudentApi[58] - [DUBBO] [2016-11-07 18:3:24] 172.28.19.7:56346 -> 172.28.19.7:22026 - student-min/org.student.api.StudentApi:1.0.0 listStudents() , dubbo version: 2.5.3, current host: 127.0.0.1
[http-nio-8080-exec-2] INFO 2016-11-07 18:33:25.026 o.s.c.StudentController[25] - the data are [id = 1, name = 张三,age = 20]
四、新手在整合过程易犯的错误。
1.ClassNotFound异常
严重: Error configuring application listener of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1332)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1166)
at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClass(DefaultInstanceManager.java:518)
at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClassMaybePrivileged(DefaultInstanceManager.java:499)
at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.newInstance(DefaultInstanceManager.java:118)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4764)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5303)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1407)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1397)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
eclipse会自动将deployment assembly指定的工程，打成jar包，放入到web-inf/lib目录下，tomcat在发布项目的时候没有同时发布maven依赖所添加的jar包，但是如果在deployment assembly没有配置相应的依赖包，就会抛出异常。解决方法：项目 —> properties -> Deployment Assembly -> Add -> Java Build Path Entries -> 选择Maven Dependencies -> Finish -> OK 把对应的Maven依赖包也发布到tomcat，调试时会自动把那些jar发布到指定目录下，tomcat也能找到那些jar了。
另外，同样的报错可能由于不同的原因造成，如果没有激活Maven profile也会报这种错误，激活profile的方式有很多，通过命令首先需要在pom.xml中用<profiles>配置（详细配置请查看上文）再通过命令行：
mvn install -Pdev #激活dev环境
也可以通过eclipse的配置：项目－－>properties-->Maven-->填写profile名－－>apply-->finish
2.启动student-web，spring创建bean对象失败
十一月 07, 2016 8:19:24 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
严重: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name ‘org.student.api.StudentApi‘: Cannot resolve reference to bean ‘studentApi‘ while setting bean property ‘ref‘; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named ‘studentApi‘ is defined
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:359)
...
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:839)
...
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named ‘studentApi‘ is defined
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:698)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1175)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:284)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:351)
...
spring有强大的注解帮助我们简化很大部分代码，并降低的耦合。@Autowired或@Resource在 Bean 类中使用自动注入功能，但是 Bean 还是在 XML 文件中通过 <bean> 进行定义 —— 也就是说，在 XML 配置文件中定义 Bean，通过@Autowired或@Resource为 Bean 的成员变量、方法入参或构造函数入参提供自动注入的功能。以前通过在spring文件中配置<bean>的方式被移除，仅需要添加一行 <context:component-scan/> 配置就解决所有问题了——Spring XML 配置文件得到了极致的简化。<context:component-scan/> 的 base-package 属性指定了需要扫描的类包，类包及其递归子包中所有的类都会被处理。解决：在spring-base.xml中添加
<context:component-scan base-package="org.student" />
3.消费者访问dubbo接口被拒绝
严重: Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcher] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcException: Forbid consumer 172.0.0.1 access service org.student.api.StudentApi from registry 172.0.0.1:2181 use dubbo version 2.5.3, Please check registry access list (whitelist/blacklist).] with root cause com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcException: Forbid consumer 172.0.0.1 access service org.student.api.StudentApi from registry 172.0.0.1:2181 use dubbo version 2.5.3, Please check registry access list (whitelist/blacklist). at com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.integration.RegistryDirectory.doList(RegistryDirectory.java:579) at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.directory.AbstractDirectory.list(AbstractDirectory.java:73) at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.AbstractClusterInvoker.list(AbstractClusterInvoker.java:260) at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.AbstractClusterInvoker.invoke(AbstractClusterInvoker.java:219) at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.wrapper.MockClusterInvoker.invoke(MockClusterInvoker.java:72) at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.proxy.InvokerInvocationHandler.invoke(InvokerInvocationHandler.java:52) at com.alibaba.dubbo.common.bytecode.proxy0.listStudents(proxy0.java) at org.student.controller.StudentController.listStudent(StudentController.java:25) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
....
如果消费者访问的接口路径不正确，则无法调用接口。出现这种错误是我没有把消费者的组设置成提供者的组，解决方法是group保持一致
4.访问所有接口都报404错误
INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:28.507 o.s.w.s.DispatcherServlet[488] - FrameworkServlet ‘dispatcher‘: initialization started
INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:28.518 o.s.w.c.s.XmlWebApplicationContext[578] - Refreshing WebApplicationContext for namespace ‘dispatcher-servlet‘: startup date [Tue Nov 08 12:42:28 CST 2016]; parent: Root WebApplicationContext
INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:28.519 o.s.b.f.x.XmlBeanDefinitionReader[317] - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [spring/spring-dispatcher.xml]
INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:28.657 o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory[839] - Overriding bean definition for bean ‘org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping‘ with a different definition: replacing [Root bean: class [org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null] with [Root bean: class [org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null]
...
INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:29.545 o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter[532] - Looking for @ControllerAdvice: WebApplicationContext for namespace ‘dispatcher-servlet‘: startup date [Tue Nov 08 12:42:28 CST 2016]; parent: Root WebApplicationContext
INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:29.810 o.s.w.s.v.v.VelocityConfigurer[140] - ClasspathResourceLoader with name ‘springMacro‘ added to configured VelocityEngine
INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:30.193 o.s.w.s.DispatcherServlet[507] - FrameworkServlet ‘dispatcher‘: initialization completed in 1684 ms
WARN 2016-11-08 12:42:30.206 o.s.w.s.PageNotFound[1136] - No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/student/listStudent] in DispatcherServlet with name ‘dispatcher‘
这个错误我找了很久才发现，并不是简单的访问路径错误。仔细查看日志信息会发现spring加载dispatcher的过程，截取在web.xml中配置
<!--spring加载-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/spring-base.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
...
<!--springMVC加载-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/spring-dispatcher.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
在Tomcat启动时，web.xml中加载顺序是 context-param -> listener -> filter -> servlet，ContextLoaderListener基于Web上下文级别的监听器在启动服务器时就创建ApplicationContext并且将配置的Spring Bean加载到XML中。DispatcherServlet是一个请求分发控制器，所有匹配的URL都会通过该Servlet分发执行，在创建Servlet对象时会初始化Spring MVC相关配置。spring-dispatcher.xml中定义了控制器映射，使用Controller+RequestMapping注解映射时，相关controller组件扫描要定义在spring-dispatcher.xml中，而非spring-base.xml中。依据这样的分析，我去查看了student-test项目中spring-dispatcher.xml和spring-base.xml的配置，发现spring-base.xml配置了
<context:component-scan base-package="org.student"/>
而在spring-dispatcher.xml中未配置扫描路径。所以spring无法加载controller中的映射，自然会404了，解决方式则是在spring-dispatcher.xml中加上扫描。
至此，这是所有我想介绍的内容，欢迎大家批评指正，转载请注明出处，另外想要源码的朋友可以留言，谢谢。
博客推荐：
http://blessht.iteye.com/blog/2121845
http://www.cnblogs.com/szlbm/p/5512931.html
http://blog.csdn.net/congcong68/article/details/41113239
Maven多模块、Dubbo分布式服务框架的SpringMVC项目的基础搭建
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