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在Eclipse中使用Struts和Hibernate框架搭建Maven Web项目

前言

  学习使用Java还是2012年的事情,刚开始学习的Java的时候,使用的是MyEclipse工具和SSH框架。初学者适合使用MyEclipse,因为他将struts、Spring和Hibernate等框架集成在IDE中,可以直接通过添加Capacities将这些框架集成到Web Project中,相应的Jar包也会自动添加到lib目录下,开发过程中还是需要手动添加一些jar包。再后来开始接触Maven,在Eclipse下搭建Maven Web项目。在后来就转C#项目开发了,项目做了快两年的时间,到最近才开始重新拾起这些尘封很久的东西。虽然之前做过Java Web项目,但是最近重温的时候才发现,要始终保持一颗Coding的心,不然真是的是寸步难行啊。这篇文章没有什么技术含量,主要是为后来者提供入门的帮助。

一、工具准备

  必备工具:JDK(jdk1.6.0_10)、Eclipse、Maven(apache-maven-3.0.5)。

  开发过程中,使用Jetty来替代Tomcat来发布项目,在项目完成之后,可以直接部署在Tomcat中。JDK、Eclipse的安装和配置在Baidu上可以找到很多,这里不再赘述。Maven插件的安装教程网上也有,在Maven依赖库的使用上建议使用自定义路径的本地Repository,只需要配置一下settings.xml文件,如<localRepository>D:/Program Files/Java/Maven Local Repository/repository</localRepository>。

  

二、搭建Maven Web项目

  New Maven Project,在选择项目 Archetype(原型)的时候,GroupID选择org.apach.maven.archetype,ArtifactID选择maven-archetype-webapp,接着就是设置项目的GroupID、ArtifactID,其中ArtifactID就是项目名称。

  新建好的项目结构如下:

  

  如果项目结构不一样,是因为选择的Perspective的问题,要选择Java Perspective。在src/main目录下添加Source Folder:src/main/java。

  1 配置web.xml

    
 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <web-app id="pp_monitor" version="2.4" 3     xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4     xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> 5  6       <display-name>MavenSSH2</display-name> 7    8       <filter> 9         <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>10         <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>11     </filter>12     <filter-mapping>13         <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>14         <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>15         <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>16         <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>17     </filter-mapping>18 19 </web-app>
web.xml

    主要是配置过滤器,将struts融入到项目中,表示对应当前应用里面的所有请求都使用org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter进行处理。

  2 配置pom.xml

    
  1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  2   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  3   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  4   <groupId>liu.test.maven</groupId>  5   <artifactId>MavenSSH2</artifactId>  6   <packaging>war</packaging>  7   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>  8   <name>MavenSSH2</name>  9   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> 10   <dependencies> 11      12         <dependency> 13               <groupId>junit</groupId> 14               <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 15               <version>3.8.1</version> 16               <scope>test</scope> 17         </dependency> 18         <dependency> 19             <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> 20             <artifactId>struts-taglib</artifactId> 21             <version>1.3.10</version> 22         </dependency> 23         <dependency> 24             <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> 25             <artifactId>hibernate</artifactId> 26             <version>3.2.7</version> 27         </dependency> 28          29         <!-- 必备依赖  --> 30         <dependency> 31             <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> 32             <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> 33             <version>2.2.3</version> 34         </dependency> 35              <dependency> 36             <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId> 37             <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId> 38             <version>2.3.14</version> 39         </dependency> 40              <dependency> 41             <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> 42             <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> 43             <version>1.2.2</version> 44         </dependency> 45         <dependency> 46             <groupId>commons-lang</groupId> 47             <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId> 48             <version>2.6</version> 49         </dependency> 50         <dependency> 51             <groupId>commons-io</groupId> 52             <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> 53             <version>2.3</version> 54         </dependency> 55         <dependency> 56             <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> 57             <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> 58             <version>1.1.1</version> 59         </dependency> 60         <dependency> 61             <groupId>org.apache.struts.xwork</groupId> 62             <artifactId>xwork-core</artifactId> 63             <version>2.2.3.1</version> 64         </dependency> 65         <dependency> 66             <groupId>ognl</groupId> 67             <artifactId>ognl</artifactId> 68             <version>3.0.5</version> 69         </dependency> 70         <dependency> 71             <groupId>dom4j</groupId> 72             <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId> 73             <version>1.6.1</version> 74         </dependency> 75         <!-- 使用hbm映射文件必备 --> 76         <dependency> 77             <groupId>commons-collections</groupId> 78             <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId> 79             <version>3.2.1</version> 80         </dependency> 81         <!-- 使用hibernate必备 --> 82         <dependency> 83             <groupId>cglib</groupId> 84             <artifactId>cglib</artifactId> 85             <version>2.2.2</version> 86         </dependency> 87         <dependency> 88             <groupId>antlr</groupId> 89             <artifactId>antlr</artifactId> 90             <version>2.7.7</version> 91         </dependency> 92         <!-- SQL Server驱动 --> 93         <dependency> 94             <groupId>net.sourceforge.jtds</groupId> 95             <artifactId>jtds</artifactId> 96             <version>1.2.4</version> 97         </dependency> 98         <!-- 必备依赖   --> 99   </dependencies>100   101   <build>102     <finalName>MavenSSH2</finalName>103     <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>104     <outputDirectory>target/${project.name}/WEB-INF/classes</outputDirectory>105     106     <plugins>107         <plugin>108                 <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>109                 <artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>110                 <version>6.1.24</version>111                 <configuration>112                     <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>113                     <contextPath>/</contextPath>114                     <stopKey>foo</stopKey>115                     <stopPort>9999</stopPort>116                 </configuration>117                 <executions>118                     <execution>119                         <id>start-jetty</id>120                         <phase>pre-integration-test</phase>121                         <goals>122                             <goal>run</goal>123                         </goals>124                         <configuration>125                             <scanIntervalSeconds>0</scanIntervalSeconds>126                             <daemon>true</daemon>127                         </configuration>128                     </execution>129                     <execution>130                         <id>stop-jetty</id>131                         <phase>post-integration-test</phase>132                         <goals>133                             <goal>stop</goal>134                         </goals>135                     </execution>136                 </executions>137             </plugin>138     </plugins>139         <!-- 140         <resources>141             <resource>142                 143                 <targetPath>${basedir}/target/${project.name}/WEB-INF/classes</targetPath>144                 <filtering>false</filtering>145                 <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>146                 <includes>147                     <include>**/*.*</include>148                 </includes>149                 <excludes>150                     <exclude></exclude>151                 </excludes>152             </resource>153         </resources>154      -->155   </build>156 </project>
pom.xml

    pom中配置了使用Struts和Hibernate框架必备的依赖,以及用于开发测试的Jetty服务器plugin。

  3、配置Hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml

    在src/main/resources下新建XML文件,命名hibernate.cfg.xml。

    
 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC 3             "-//Hibernate.Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" 4             "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> 5              6 <hibernate-configuration> 7  8     <session-factory> 9         10         <!-- 所使用数据库的驱动名称,不同的数据库有不同的驱动名称 -->11         <property name="connection.driver_class">net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver</property>12         <!-- 数据库连接串,数据库服务器IP:127.0.0.1,端口号1433,数据库名称blog -->13         <property name="connection.url">jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433/blog</property>14         <property name="connection.username">root</property>15         <property name="connection.password">123456</property>16         17         <!-- Hibernate对应SQL Server的方言。不同数据库有不同的方言 -->18         <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect</property>19         20         <!-- 可以看到hibernate每次操作数据库的时候,在console中打印对应的sql语句,开发的时候设置为true,部署的时候设置为false -->21         <property name="show_sql">true</property>22         23         <mapping resource="hbm/User.hbm.xml" />24         25     </session-factory>26 27 </hibernate-configuration>
hibernate.cfg.xml

  4、创建数据表映射文件

    这里根据数据库中的表来创建,测试数据库blog中只有T_User一张表,这里只需要新建映射文件User.hbm.xml,这里需要注意一点就是数据库的表名与我们JavaBean实体类名不要一致,否则在发布的时候会报错。hbm文件写起来比较繁琐,可以使用xdoclet工具直接生成。

    
 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 3     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"  4     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 5      6 <hibernate-mapping> 7  8     <!-- name对应JavaBean类,tabel对应数据库表明 --> 9     <class name="com.mavenssh.data.User" table="T_User">10         <!-- 主键映射 -->11         <id name="userID" column="userID" type="int">12             <generator class="increment"></generator>13         </id>14     15         <!-- 其他字段映射 --><!-- 如果实体类中属性名和表字段名一致时,column可指定 -->16         <property name="username" column="username" type="string"></property>17         <property name="password" column="password" type="string"></property>18     </class>19 20 </hibernate-mapping>    
User.hbm.xml

三、代码

  在src/main/java下新建相应的package,截图如下:

  

  其中util包中是用于存放一些工具类,比如HibernateUtil等。

  
 1 package com.mavenssh.util; 2  3 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; 4 import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; 5 import org.hibernate.classic.Session; 6  7 public class HibernateUtil { 8  9     private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;10     11     static12     {13         try {14             15             sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml")16                     .buildSessionFactory();17         }18         catch (Exception e) 19         {20             System.out.printf(e.getMessage());21             e.printStackTrace();22         }23     }24     25     public static Session openSession()26     {27         Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();28         29         return session;30     }31     32     public static void closeSession(Session session)33     {34         if(session!=null)35         {36             session.close();37         }38     }39 }
HibernateUtil

  

  
 1 package com.mavenssh.data; 2  3 public class User { 4      5     private int userID; 6     private String username; 7     private String password; 8      9     public int getUserID() {10         return userID;11     }12     public void setUserID(int userID) {13         this.userID = userID;14     }15     public String getUsername() {16         return username;17     }18     public void setUsername(String username) {19         this.username = username;20     }21     public String getPassword() {22         return password;23     }24     public void setPassword(String password) {25         this.password = password;26     }27 }
User

  

  
 1 package com.mavenssh.dao; 2  3 import com.mavenssh.data.User; 4  5 public interface UserDAO { 6      7     public User getUser(User user); 8      9     public void saveUser(User user);10 }
UserDAO

  

  在实例化SessionFactory的时候,因为hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件在resources源文件夹在,因此需要给configure方法指定路径参数"/hibernate.cfg.xml"。

  
 1 package com.mavenssh.dao.impl; 2  3 import org.hibernate.Query; 4 import org.hibernate.Transaction; 5 import org.hibernate.classic.Session; 6  7 import com.mavenssh.dao.UserDAO; 8 import com.mavenssh.data.User; 9 import com.mavenssh.util.HibernateUtil;10 11 public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO {12 13     public User getUser(User user) {14         15         Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();16         Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();17         User user2 = null;18         19         try 20         {21             Query query = session.createQuery("from User where username=?");22             query.setString(0, user.getUsername()); 23             user2 = (User)query.uniqueResult();24             tx.commit();25         } 26         catch (Exception e) 27         {28             if(tx!=null)29             {30                 tx.rollback();    31             }32         }33         finally34         {35             HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);36         }37         38         return user2;39     }40     41     public void saveUser(User user)42     {43         Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();44         Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();45         46         try 47         {48             session.save(user);49             tx.commit();50         } catch (Exception e) {51             if(tx!=null)52             {53                 tx.rollback();    54             }55         }56         finally57         {58             HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);59         }60     }61 }
UserDAOImpl

  UserService是业务层,主要是处理业务逻辑的代码。

  
 1 package com.mavenssh.service; 2  3 import com.mavenssh.data.User; 4  5 public interface UserService { 6  7     public User getUser(User user); 8      9     public void saveUser(User user);10 }
UserService
  
 1 package com.mavenssh.service.impl; 2  3 import com.mavenssh.dao.UserDAO; 4 import com.mavenssh.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl; 5 import com.mavenssh.data.User; 6 import com.mavenssh.service.UserService; 7  8 public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { 9 10     private UserDAO userDAO = new UserDAOImpl();11     12     public UserDAO getUserDAO() {13         return userDAO;14     }15 16     public void setUserDAO(UserDAO userDAO) {17         this.userDAO = userDAO;18     }19 20     public User getUser(User user) {21         22         return userDAO.getUser(user);23     }24 25     public void saveUser(User user) {26         27         userDAO.saveUser(user);28     }29 }
UserServiceImpl

  LoginAction类继承了ActionSupport,并重写了其execute方法,这个方法对应LoginAction请求是会被执行,如果是自定义方法,需要在struts.xml的action Element中指定method Attribute。

  
 1 package com.mavenssh.action; 2  3 import java.io.Console; 4  5 import com.mavenssh.data.User; 6 import com.mavenssh.service.UserService; 7 import com.mavenssh.service.impl.UserServiceImpl; 8 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 9 10 public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {11     12     private User user;13     private UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();14     15     public User getUser() {16         return user;17     }18 19     public void setUser(User user) {20         this.user = user;21     }22 23     public UserService getUserService() {24         return userService;25     }26     27     public void setUserService(UserService userService) {28         this.userService = userService;29     }30     31     @Override32     public String execute() throws Exception {33         34         User user2 = userService.getUser(user);35         36         if(user2!=null){37             38             return SUCCESS;39         }40         else {41             42             return "login";43         }44     }45 }
LoginAction

四、页面和struts.xml

  index.jsp页面代码如下,使用的struts taglib,要使用struts标签库需要在jsp页面顶部添加<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>。

  
 1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %> 2 <%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %> 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 4  5  6 <html> 7 <body style="padding: 200px;margin-left:500px"> 8  9     <s:form id="loginForm" action="loginAction" class="www_zzjs_net" method="post" namespace="/">10         <s:textfield name="user.username" label="UserName" required="required" aria-required="true" placeholder="请输入用户名"></s:textfield>11         <s:textfield name="user.password" label="Password" required="required" aria-required="true" placeholder="请输入密码"></s:textfield>12     13         <s:submit value="submit" value="登录"></s:submit>14         <s:reset value="reset" value="取消"></s:reset>15     </s:form>16 17 </body>18 </html>
index.jsp

  在src.main/resources下新建struts.xml文件,主要配置JSP页面请求对应的Action类以及处理方法,以及页面跳转逻辑。

  
 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> 5 <struts> 6  7     <package name="main" extends="struts-default" namespace="/"> 8         <action name="loginAction" class="com.mavenssh.action.LoginAction"> 9             <result name="success">profile.jsp</result>10             <result name="login">index.jsp</result>11         </action>12         <action name="registerAction" class="com.mavenssh.action.RegisterAction">13             <result name="success">profile.jsp</result>14         </action>15     </package>16 17 </struts>
struts.xml

五、项目结构
  

  开启Jetty服务器,在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/index.jsp