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在Eclipse中使用Struts和Hibernate框架搭建Maven Web项目
前言
学习使用Java还是2012年的事情,刚开始学习的Java的时候,使用的是MyEclipse工具和SSH框架。初学者适合使用MyEclipse,因为他将struts、Spring和Hibernate等框架集成在IDE中,可以直接通过添加Capacities将这些框架集成到Web Project中,相应的Jar包也会自动添加到lib目录下,开发过程中还是需要手动添加一些jar包。再后来开始接触Maven,在Eclipse下搭建Maven Web项目。在后来就转C#项目开发了,项目做了快两年的时间,到最近才开始重新拾起这些尘封很久的东西。虽然之前做过Java Web项目,但是最近重温的时候才发现,要始终保持一颗Coding的心,不然真是的是寸步难行啊。这篇文章没有什么技术含量,主要是为后来者提供入门的帮助。
一、工具准备
必备工具:JDK(jdk1.6.0_10)、Eclipse、Maven(apache-maven-3.0.5)。
开发过程中,使用Jetty来替代Tomcat来发布项目,在项目完成之后,可以直接部署在Tomcat中。JDK、Eclipse的安装和配置在Baidu上可以找到很多,这里不再赘述。Maven插件的安装教程网上也有,在Maven依赖库的使用上建议使用自定义路径的本地Repository,只需要配置一下settings.xml文件,如<localRepository>D:/Program Files/Java/Maven Local Repository/repository</localRepository>。
二、搭建Maven Web项目
New Maven Project,在选择项目 Archetype(原型)的时候,GroupID选择org.apach.maven.archetype,ArtifactID选择maven-archetype-webapp,接着就是设置项目的GroupID、ArtifactID,其中ArtifactID就是项目名称。
新建好的项目结构如下:
如果项目结构不一样,是因为选择的Perspective的问题,要选择Java Perspective。在src/main目录下添加Source Folder:src/main/java。
1 配置web.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <web-app id="pp_monitor" version="2.4" 3 xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> 5 6 <display-name>MavenSSH2</display-name> 7 8 <filter> 9 <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>10 <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>11 </filter>12 <filter-mapping>13 <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>14 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>15 <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>16 <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>17 </filter-mapping>18 19 </web-app>
主要是配置过滤器,将struts融入到项目中,表示对应当前应用里面的所有请求都使用org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter进行处理。
2 配置pom.xml
1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 2 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> 3 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 4 <groupId>liu.test.maven</groupId> 5 <artifactId>MavenSSH2</artifactId> 6 <packaging>war</packaging> 7 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 8 <name>MavenSSH2</name> 9 <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> 10 <dependencies> 11 12 <dependency> 13 <groupId>junit</groupId> 14 <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 15 <version>3.8.1</version> 16 <scope>test</scope> 17 </dependency> 18 <dependency> 19 <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> 20 <artifactId>struts-taglib</artifactId> 21 <version>1.3.10</version> 22 </dependency> 23 <dependency> 24 <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> 25 <artifactId>hibernate</artifactId> 26 <version>3.2.7</version> 27 </dependency> 28 29 <!-- 必备依赖 --> 30 <dependency> 31 <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> 32 <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> 33 <version>2.2.3</version> 34 </dependency> 35 <dependency> 36 <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId> 37 <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId> 38 <version>2.3.14</version> 39 </dependency> 40 <dependency> 41 <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> 42 <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> 43 <version>1.2.2</version> 44 </dependency> 45 <dependency> 46 <groupId>commons-lang</groupId> 47 <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId> 48 <version>2.6</version> 49 </dependency> 50 <dependency> 51 <groupId>commons-io</groupId> 52 <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> 53 <version>2.3</version> 54 </dependency> 55 <dependency> 56 <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> 57 <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> 58 <version>1.1.1</version> 59 </dependency> 60 <dependency> 61 <groupId>org.apache.struts.xwork</groupId> 62 <artifactId>xwork-core</artifactId> 63 <version>2.2.3.1</version> 64 </dependency> 65 <dependency> 66 <groupId>ognl</groupId> 67 <artifactId>ognl</artifactId> 68 <version>3.0.5</version> 69 </dependency> 70 <dependency> 71 <groupId>dom4j</groupId> 72 <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId> 73 <version>1.6.1</version> 74 </dependency> 75 <!-- 使用hbm映射文件必备 --> 76 <dependency> 77 <groupId>commons-collections</groupId> 78 <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId> 79 <version>3.2.1</version> 80 </dependency> 81 <!-- 使用hibernate必备 --> 82 <dependency> 83 <groupId>cglib</groupId> 84 <artifactId>cglib</artifactId> 85 <version>2.2.2</version> 86 </dependency> 87 <dependency> 88 <groupId>antlr</groupId> 89 <artifactId>antlr</artifactId> 90 <version>2.7.7</version> 91 </dependency> 92 <!-- SQL Server驱动 --> 93 <dependency> 94 <groupId>net.sourceforge.jtds</groupId> 95 <artifactId>jtds</artifactId> 96 <version>1.2.4</version> 97 </dependency> 98 <!-- 必备依赖 --> 99 </dependencies>100 101 <build>102 <finalName>MavenSSH2</finalName>103 <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>104 <outputDirectory>target/${project.name}/WEB-INF/classes</outputDirectory>105 106 <plugins>107 <plugin>108 <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>109 <artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>110 <version>6.1.24</version>111 <configuration>112 <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>113 <contextPath>/</contextPath>114 <stopKey>foo</stopKey>115 <stopPort>9999</stopPort>116 </configuration>117 <executions>118 <execution>119 <id>start-jetty</id>120 <phase>pre-integration-test</phase>121 <goals>122 <goal>run</goal>123 </goals>124 <configuration>125 <scanIntervalSeconds>0</scanIntervalSeconds>126 <daemon>true</daemon>127 </configuration>128 </execution>129 <execution>130 <id>stop-jetty</id>131 <phase>post-integration-test</phase>132 <goals>133 <goal>stop</goal>134 </goals>135 </execution>136 </executions>137 </plugin>138 </plugins>139 <!-- 140 <resources>141 <resource>142 143 <targetPath>${basedir}/target/${project.name}/WEB-INF/classes</targetPath>144 <filtering>false</filtering>145 <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>146 <includes>147 <include>**/*.*</include>148 </includes>149 <excludes>150 <exclude></exclude>151 </excludes>152 </resource>153 </resources>154 -->155 </build>156 </project>
pom中配置了使用Struts和Hibernate框架必备的依赖,以及用于开发测试的Jetty服务器plugin。
3、配置Hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml
在src/main/resources下新建XML文件,命名hibernate.cfg.xml。
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC 3 "-//Hibernate.Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" 4 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> 5 6 <hibernate-configuration> 7 8 <session-factory> 9 10 <!-- 所使用数据库的驱动名称,不同的数据库有不同的驱动名称 -->11 <property name="connection.driver_class">net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver</property>12 <!-- 数据库连接串,数据库服务器IP:127.0.0.1,端口号1433,数据库名称blog -->13 <property name="connection.url">jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433/blog</property>14 <property name="connection.username">root</property>15 <property name="connection.password">123456</property>16 17 <!-- Hibernate对应SQL Server的方言。不同数据库有不同的方言 -->18 <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect</property>19 20 <!-- 可以看到hibernate每次操作数据库的时候,在console中打印对应的sql语句,开发的时候设置为true,部署的时候设置为false -->21 <property name="show_sql">true</property>22 23 <mapping resource="hbm/User.hbm.xml" />24 25 </session-factory>26 27 </hibernate-configuration>
4、创建数据表映射文件
这里根据数据库中的表来创建,测试数据库blog中只有T_User一张表,这里只需要新建映射文件User.hbm.xml,这里需要注意一点就是数据库的表名与我们JavaBean实体类名不要一致,否则在发布的时候会报错。hbm文件写起来比较繁琐,可以使用xdoclet工具直接生成。
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 3 "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" 4 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 5 6 <hibernate-mapping> 7 8 <!-- name对应JavaBean类,tabel对应数据库表明 --> 9 <class name="com.mavenssh.data.User" table="T_User">10 <!-- 主键映射 -->11 <id name="userID" column="userID" type="int">12 <generator class="increment"></generator>13 </id>14 15 <!-- 其他字段映射 --><!-- 如果实体类中属性名和表字段名一致时,column可指定 -->16 <property name="username" column="username" type="string"></property>17 <property name="password" column="password" type="string"></property>18 </class>19 20 </hibernate-mapping>
三、代码
在src/main/java下新建相应的package,截图如下:
其中util包中是用于存放一些工具类,比如HibernateUtil等。
1 package com.mavenssh.util; 2 3 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; 4 import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; 5 import org.hibernate.classic.Session; 6 7 public class HibernateUtil { 8 9 private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;10 11 static12 {13 try {14 15 sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml")16 .buildSessionFactory();17 }18 catch (Exception e) 19 {20 System.out.printf(e.getMessage());21 e.printStackTrace();22 }23 }24 25 public static Session openSession()26 {27 Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();28 29 return session;30 }31 32 public static void closeSession(Session session)33 {34 if(session!=null)35 {36 session.close();37 }38 }39 }
1 package com.mavenssh.data; 2 3 public class User { 4 5 private int userID; 6 private String username; 7 private String password; 8 9 public int getUserID() {10 return userID;11 }12 public void setUserID(int userID) {13 this.userID = userID;14 }15 public String getUsername() {16 return username;17 }18 public void setUsername(String username) {19 this.username = username;20 }21 public String getPassword() {22 return password;23 }24 public void setPassword(String password) {25 this.password = password;26 }27 }
1 package com.mavenssh.dao; 2 3 import com.mavenssh.data.User; 4 5 public interface UserDAO { 6 7 public User getUser(User user); 8 9 public void saveUser(User user);10 }
在实例化SessionFactory的时候,因为hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件在resources源文件夹在,因此需要给configure方法指定路径参数"/hibernate.cfg.xml"。
1 package com.mavenssh.dao.impl; 2 3 import org.hibernate.Query; 4 import org.hibernate.Transaction; 5 import org.hibernate.classic.Session; 6 7 import com.mavenssh.dao.UserDAO; 8 import com.mavenssh.data.User; 9 import com.mavenssh.util.HibernateUtil;10 11 public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO {12 13 public User getUser(User user) {14 15 Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();16 Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();17 User user2 = null;18 19 try 20 {21 Query query = session.createQuery("from User where username=?");22 query.setString(0, user.getUsername()); 23 user2 = (User)query.uniqueResult();24 tx.commit();25 } 26 catch (Exception e) 27 {28 if(tx!=null)29 {30 tx.rollback(); 31 }32 }33 finally34 {35 HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);36 }37 38 return user2;39 }40 41 public void saveUser(User user)42 {43 Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();44 Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();45 46 try 47 {48 session.save(user);49 tx.commit();50 } catch (Exception e) {51 if(tx!=null)52 {53 tx.rollback(); 54 }55 }56 finally57 {58 HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);59 }60 }61 }
UserService是业务层,主要是处理业务逻辑的代码。
1 package com.mavenssh.service; 2 3 import com.mavenssh.data.User; 4 5 public interface UserService { 6 7 public User getUser(User user); 8 9 public void saveUser(User user);10 }
1 package com.mavenssh.service.impl; 2 3 import com.mavenssh.dao.UserDAO; 4 import com.mavenssh.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl; 5 import com.mavenssh.data.User; 6 import com.mavenssh.service.UserService; 7 8 public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { 9 10 private UserDAO userDAO = new UserDAOImpl();11 12 public UserDAO getUserDAO() {13 return userDAO;14 }15 16 public void setUserDAO(UserDAO userDAO) {17 this.userDAO = userDAO;18 }19 20 public User getUser(User user) {21 22 return userDAO.getUser(user);23 }24 25 public void saveUser(User user) {26 27 userDAO.saveUser(user);28 }29 }
LoginAction类继承了ActionSupport,并重写了其execute方法,这个方法对应LoginAction请求是会被执行,如果是自定义方法,需要在struts.xml的action Element中指定method Attribute。
1 package com.mavenssh.action; 2 3 import java.io.Console; 4 5 import com.mavenssh.data.User; 6 import com.mavenssh.service.UserService; 7 import com.mavenssh.service.impl.UserServiceImpl; 8 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 9 10 public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {11 12 private User user;13 private UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();14 15 public User getUser() {16 return user;17 }18 19 public void setUser(User user) {20 this.user = user;21 }22 23 public UserService getUserService() {24 return userService;25 }26 27 public void setUserService(UserService userService) {28 this.userService = userService;29 }30 31 @Override32 public String execute() throws Exception {33 34 User user2 = userService.getUser(user);35 36 if(user2!=null){37 38 return SUCCESS;39 }40 else {41 42 return "login";43 }44 }45 }
四、页面和struts.xml
index.jsp页面代码如下,使用的struts taglib,要使用struts标签库需要在jsp页面顶部添加<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>。
1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %> 2 <%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %> 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 4 5 6 <html> 7 <body style="padding: 200px;margin-left:500px"> 8 9 <s:form id="loginForm" action="loginAction" class="www_zzjs_net" method="post" namespace="/">10 <s:textfield name="user.username" label="UserName" required="required" aria-required="true" placeholder="请输入用户名"></s:textfield>11 <s:textfield name="user.password" label="Password" required="required" aria-required="true" placeholder="请输入密码"></s:textfield>12 13 <s:submit value="submit" value="登录"></s:submit>14 <s:reset value="reset" value="取消"></s:reset>15 </s:form>16 17 </body>18 </html>
在src.main/resources下新建struts.xml文件,主要配置JSP页面请求对应的Action类以及处理方法,以及页面跳转逻辑。
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC 3 "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" 4 "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> 5 <struts> 6 7 <package name="main" extends="struts-default" namespace="/"> 8 <action name="loginAction" class="com.mavenssh.action.LoginAction"> 9 <result name="success">profile.jsp</result>10 <result name="login">index.jsp</result>11 </action>12 <action name="registerAction" class="com.mavenssh.action.RegisterAction">13 <result name="success">profile.jsp</result>14 </action>15 </package>16 17 </struts>
五、项目结构
开启Jetty服务器,在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/index.jsp