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JAVA: httpclient 详解——第四章;


相对于httpurlconnection ,httpclient更加丰富,也更加强大,其中apache有两个项目都是httpclient,一个是commonts包下的,这个是通用的,更专业的是org.apache.http.包下的,所以我一般用后者;


httpclient可以处理长连接,保存会话,重连接,以及请求过滤器,连接重用等等...


下面是测试代码(全部总结来自官方文档,以及翻译)


须要下载核心包:httpclient-4.3.4.jar ,也可在官网下载:http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi



/**
	 * HTTP认证:
	 * 
	 * HTTPclient支持http标准认证,也支持其他认证,如NTLM和SPNEGO。
	 */
	private static void test17(){
		
		//最简单的明文用户名 密码认证。
		UsernamePasswordCredentials creds = new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "pwd");
		System.out.println(creds.getUserPrincipal().getName());
		System.out.println(creds.getPassword());
		
		/**
		 * NTCredentials是微软的windows系统使用的一种凭据,包含username、password,还包括一系列其他的属性,
		 * 比如用户所在的域名。在Microsoft Windows的网络环境中,同一个用户可以属于不同的域,所以他也就有不同的凭据。
		 * workstation:本机的计算机名
		 */
		NTCredentials ntcreds = new NTCredentials("user", "pwd", "workstation", "domain");
		System.out.println(ntcreds.getUserPrincipal().getName());//输出   DOMAIN/user
		System.out.println(ntcreds.getPassword());
		
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 凭证提供者(CredentialsProvider)内含一套特定的凭证,须要哪种凭证时,CredentialsProvider就能获得对应的凭证。
	 * 获取凭证的时候,可以模糊的指定主机名、端口号、realm和认证方案。
	 * CredentialsProvider会筛选出一个最佳匹配方案。
	 */
	private static void test18() {

		CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
		
		credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("somehost",AuthScope.ANY_PORT),
									 new UsernamePasswordCredentials("u1", "p1"));
		credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("somehost", 8080),
									 new UsernamePasswordCredentials("u2", "p2"));
		credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("otherhost", 8080,AuthScope.ANY_REALM, "ntlm"), 
									 new UsernamePasswordCredentials("u3", "p3"));
		
		System.out.println(credsProvider.getCredentials(new AuthScope(
				"somehost", 80, "realm", "basic")));
		System.out.println(credsProvider.getCredentials(new AuthScope(
				"somehost", 8080, "realm", "basic")));
		System.out.println(credsProvider.getCredentials(new AuthScope(
				"otherhost", 8080, "realm", "basic")));
		System.out.println(credsProvider.getCredentials(new AuthScope(
				"otherhost", 8080, null, "ntlm")));
		
		/**
		 *   输出:
		 *  [principal: u1]
			[principal: u2]
			null
			[principal: u3]
		 */
	}
	
	
	
	private static void test19() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
		
//		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//		HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
//		
//		HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("webservice.webxml.com.cn", 80, "http");
//
//		//认证提供者
//		CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
//		credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope(targetHost.getHostName(),targetHost.getPort()),
//									 new UsernamePasswordCredentials("root", "root"));
//		
//		//基础认证缓存
//		AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache();
//		
//		context.setCredentialsProvider(credsProvider);
//		context.setAuthCache(authCache);
//		
//		HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getDatabaseInfo");
//		
//		CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(targetHost,httpget, context);
//		
//		AuthState proxyAuthState = context.getProxyAuthState();
//		
//		System.out.println("Proxy auth state: " + proxyAuthState.getState());
//		System.out.println("Proxy auth scheme: "+ proxyAuthState.getAuthScheme());
//		System.out.println("Proxy auth credentials: "+ proxyAuthState.getCredentials());
//		AuthState targetAuthState = context.getTargetAuthState();
//		System.out.println("Target auth state: " + targetAuthState.getState());
//		System.out.println("Target auth scheme: "+ targetAuthState.getAuthScheme());
//		System.out.println("Target auth credentials: "+ targetAuthState.getCredentials());
		/**
		 * 	Proxy auth state: UNCHALLENGED
			Proxy auth scheme: null
			Proxy auth credentials: null
			Target auth state: UNCHALLENGED
			Target auth scheme: null
			Target auth credentials: null
		 */
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * HttpClientContext 设置抢先认证  和  认证提供者:
	 * 
	 * 在HTTP中,基本认证是一种用来允许Web浏览器或其他客户端程序在请求时提供以用户名和口令形式的凭证。
	 * 
	 * 一般http basic认证,首先登录服务器, 然后服务器会返回401码让客户端输入用户名和密码,客户端把用户名密码进行BASE64加密,
	 * 
	 * 最后把加密后的用户名和密码发送给服务器进行验证。 
	 * 
	 * 抢先验证则省略了前几部,直接发送BASE64位密文,进行验证,但存在风险,慎用!
	 */
	private static void test20() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
		
		
		HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		//配置主机 , 端口可随意填写
		HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("webservice.webxml.com.cn", 80, "http");
		//认证提供者
		CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
		
		credsProvider.setCredentials(
				new AuthScope(targetHost.getHostName(),targetHost.getPort()), 
				new UsernamePasswordCredentials("username", "password"));
		
		AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache();
		
		BasicScheme basicAuth = new BasicScheme();
		authCache.put(targetHost, basicAuth);
		
		//提前填充认证信息缓存到上下文中,这样,以这个上下文执行的方法,就会使用抢先认证。可能会出错
		context.setAuthCache(authCache);
		context.setCredentialsProvider(credsProvider);
		
		HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getDatabaseInfo");

		CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(targetHost,httpget, context);
		try {
			HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
			String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
			System.out.println(result);

		} finally {
			response.close();
		}
	}
	
	
	
	/**
	 * NTLM连接认证:
	 * 
	 * windows提供的一套安全、复杂的、有状态的协议。
	 * 
	 * 相比Basic和Digest认证,NTLM认证要明显需要更多的计算开销,性能影响也比较大。
	 * 
	 * 也就是说,NTLM连接一旦建立,用户的身份就会在其整个生命周期和它相关联。
	 */
	private static void test21() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
		
		// 确保使用同一个上下文
		HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		
		CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
		//构建详细nt认证信息:NTCredentials 参数1:用户名  2:密码  3:本机名 3:domain域
		credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("somehost",AuthScope.ANY_PORT) , 
									 new NTCredentials("username", "password", "myworkstation", "domain"));
		
		context.setCredentialsProvider(credsProvider);
		
		HttpHost target = new HttpHost("somehost", 80, "http");
		
		HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/");
		
		CloseableHttpResponse response1 = httpclient.execute(target, httpget, context);
		
		try {
			HttpEntity entity1 = response1.getEntity();
			System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity1,"GB2312"));
		} finally {
			response1.close();
		}
		
		HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("/");
		httppost.setEntity(new StringEntity("lots and lots of data"));
		CloseableHttpResponse response2 = httpclient.execute(target, httppost, context);
		try {
			HttpEntity entity2 = response2.getEntity();
		} finally {
			response2.close();
		}

	}
	
	
	


JAVA: httpclient 详解——第四章;