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C# - ArrayList与Hashtable及其泛型版本
C#的集合类继承关系UML图：
ICollection - ICollection<T>
ICollection：所有非泛型集合的大小、枚举器和同步方法
public interface ICollection : IEnumerable {
int Count { get; }
bool IsSynchronized { get; } // 对ICollection的访问是否是同步的（线程安全）
object SyncRoot { get; } // 获取可用于对ICollection同步访问的对象
void CopyTo(Array array, int index);
}
ICollection<T>：泛型集合的属性方法
public interface ICollection<T> : IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerable {
int Count { get; }
bool IsReadOnly { get; }
void Add(T item);
bool Remove(T item);
void Clear();
bool Contains(T item);
void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex);
}
ArrayList - List<T>
ArrayList： 使用大小可按需动态增加的数组实现IList接口
public class ArrayList : IList, ICollection, IEnumerable, ICloneable {
public virtual int Capacity { get; set; }
public virtual int Count { get; }
public virtual bool IsReadOnly { get; }
public virtual bool IsSynchronized { get; }
public virtual object SyncRoot { get; }
public virtual object this[int index] { get; set; }
public ArrayList();
public ArrayList(int capacity);
public ArrayList(ICollection c);
public virtual IEnumerator GetEnumerator([int idx, int cnt]); // 枚举器
public virtual object Clone(); // 创建ArrayList的浅表副本
public virtual ArrayList GetRange(int idx, int cnt); // 子集
public virtual void SetRange(int idx, ICollection c); // 设置ArrayList的值
public static ArrayList ReadOnly(ArrayList list); // 返回只读的ArrayList包装
public static IList ReadOnly(IList list); // 返回只读的IList包装
public static ArrayList Synchronized(ArrayList list); // 返回线程同步的ArrayList包装
public static IList Synchronized(IList list); // 返回线程同步的IList包装
public static ArrayList Adapter(IList list); // 返回IList的ArrayList包装
public virtual int Add(object val);
public virtual void AddRange(ICollection c);
public virtual void Insert(int idx, object val);
public virtual void InsertRange(int idx, ICollection c);
public virtual void Remove(object obj);
public virtual void RemoveAt(int idx);
public virtual void RemoveRange(int idx, int cnt);
public virtual void Clear();
public virtual bool Contains(object item);
public virtual int IndexOf(object val [, int startIdx, int cnt]);
public virtual int LastIndexOf(object val [, int startIdx, int cnt]);
public virtual void Reverse([int idx, int cnt]); // 反转
public virtual void Sort([IComparer cmp]); // 排序
public virtual int BinarySearch(object val [, IComparer cmp]); // 二分查找
public virtual object[] ToArray();
public virtual void CopyTo(Array array [, int arrayIdx]);
}
其中，接口IList表示对象的非泛型集合,可按照索引单独访问
public interface IList : ICollection, IEnumerable {
bool IsReadOnly { get; }
object this[int index] { get; set; } // 获取或设置指定索引处的元素
int Add(object value);
void Insert(int index, object value);
void Remove(object value);
void RemoveAt(int index);
void Clear();
bool Contains(object value);
int IndexOf(object value);
}
List<T>：
其中，接口IList<T>表示可按照索引单独访问的一组对象的集合
public interface IList<T> : ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerable {
T this[int index] { get; set; }
void Insert(int index, T item);
void RemoveAt(int index);
int IndexOf(T item);
}
Hashtable - Dictionary<TKey, TValue>
Hashtable：根据键的哈希代码进行组织的键/值对集合
public class Hashtable : IDictionary, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback, ICloneable {
public virtual int Count { get; }
public virtual bool IsReadOnly { get; }
public virtual bool IsSynchronized { get; }
public virtual object SyncRoot { get; }
public virtual ICollection Keys { get; }
public virtual ICollection Values { get; }
public virtual object this[object key] { get; set; }
protected IComparer comparer { get; set; } // 返回IComparer对象，用于比较
public Hashtable();
public Hashtable(int capacity);
public Hashtable(IDictionary d);
public virtual IDictionaryEnumerator GetEnumerator(); // 枚举器
public virtual object Clone(); // 创建Hashtable的浅表副本
public static Hashtable Synchronized(Hashtable table); // 返回线程同步的Hashtable包装
public virtual void Add(object key, object value);
public virtual void Remove(object key);
public virtual void Clear();
public virtual bool Contains(object key);
public virtual bool ContainsKey(object key);
public virtual bool ContainsValue(object value);
protected virtual int GetHash(object key);
protected virtual bool KeyEquals(object item, object key); // 与键比较
public virtual void CopyTo(Array array, int arrayIndex);
}
其中，接口IDictionary表示键/值对的非泛型集合
public interface IDictionary : ICollection, IEnumerable {
bool IsReadOnly { get; }
object this[int index] { get; set; }
ICollection Keys { get; }
ICollection Values { get; }
void Add(object key, object value);
void Remove(object key);
void Clear();
bool Contains(object key);
IDictionaryEnumerator GetEnumerator();
}
其中，IDictionaryEnumerator表示非泛型字典集的枚举器
public interface IDictionaryEnumerator : IEnumerator {
DictionaryEntry Entry { get; }
object Key { get; }
object Value { get; }
}
其中，DictionaryEntry表示字典集的元素（键/值对）
public struct DictionaryEntry {
public DictionaryEntry(object key, object value);
public object Key { get; set; }
public object Value { get; set; }
}
Dictionary<TKey, TValue>：键值对的泛型集合
public class Dictionary<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IDictionary, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback {
public int Count { get; }
public Dictionary<TKey, TValue>.KeyCollection Keys { get; }
public Dictionary<TKey, TValue>.ValueCollection Values { get; }
public TValue this[TKey key] { get; set; }
public Dictionary();
public Dictionary(int capacity);
public Dictionary(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary);
public Dictionary<TKey, TValue>.Enumerator GetEnumerator(); // 枚举器
public void Add(TKey key, TValue value);
public bool Remove(TKey key);
public void Clear();
public bool ContainsKey(TKey key);
public bool ContainsValue(TValue value);
public bool TryGetValue(TKey key, out TValue value);
public struct Enumerator : IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IDisposable, IDictionaryEnumerator, IEnumerator {}
public sealed class KeyCollection : ICollection<TKey>, IEnumerable<TKey>, ICollection, IEnumerable {}
public sealed class ValueCollection : ICollection<TValue>, IEnumerable<TValue>, ICollection, IEnumerable {}
}
其中，接口IDictionary<TKey, TValue>表示键/值对的泛型集合
public interface IDictionary<TKey, TValue> : ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IEnumerable {
TValue this[TKey key] { get; set; }
ICollection<TKey> Keys { get; }
ICollection<TValue> Values { get; }
void Add(TKey key, TValue value);
bool Remove(TKey key);
bool ContainsKey(TKey key);
bool TryGetValue(TKey key, out TValue value);
}
总结：
- 单线程程序中推荐使用Dictionary，多线程程序中推荐使用Hashtable；
C# - ArrayList与Hashtable及其泛型版本
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