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基于NPOI的Excel数据导入

从Excel导入数据最令人头疼的是数据格式的兼容性,特别是日期类型的兼容性。为了能够无脑导入日期,折腾了一天的NPOI。在经过测试确实可以导入任意格式的合法日期后,写下这篇小文,与大家共享。完整代码请移步:https://github.com/xuanbg/Utility

概述:

这个帮助类是一个泛型类,泛型参数对应的实体类还起到模板的作用。如果你的Excel文件使用与实体类不同的列标题的话,可以通过给属性加上Alias特性,将列标题和属性进行对应。例如:

Excel格式如图:

技术分享

实体类:

 1 using System;
 2 using Insight.Utils.Common;
 3 
 4 namespace Insight.WS.Server.Common.Entity
 5 {
 6     public class Logistics
 7     {
 8         [Alias("订单号")]
 9         public string OrderCode { get; set; }
10 
11         [Alias("物流公司")]
12         public string Service { get; set; }
13 
14         [Alias("物流单号")]
15         public string Number { get; set; }
16 
17         [Alias("发货时间")]
18         public DateTime DeliveryTime { get; set; }
19     }
20 }

返回的Json:

 1 [
 2   {
 3     "OrderCode": "201611S1200324",
 4     "Service": "顺丰",
 5     "Number": "33012231F54351",
 6     "DeliveryTime": "2016-11-10T11:02:44"
 7   },
 8   {
 9     "OrderCode": "2016111200324",
10     "Service": "顺丰",
11     "Number": "33012231F54352",
12     "DeliveryTime": "2016-11-12T09:02:44"
13   },
14   {
15     "OrderCode": "2016111200324",
16     "Service": "EMS",
17     "Number": "33012231F54353",
18     "DeliveryTime": "2016-11-12T09:02:44"
19   }
20 ]

 

1、类主体,负责根据传入的文件路径读取数据,并调用其他私有方法对数据进行处理。最后转换成List<T>并序列化成Json返回。

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Data;
 4 using System.IO;
 5 using Insight.Utils.Entity;
 6 using NPOI.SS.UserModel;
 7 
 8 namespace Insight.Utils.Common
 9 {
10     public class NpoiHelper<T> where T : new()
11     {
12         private readonly Result _Result = new Result();
13 
14         /// <summary>
15         /// 导入Excel文件
16         /// </summary>
17         /// <param name="path">文件路径</param>
18         /// <param name="index">Sheet索引</param>
19         /// <returns>Result</returns>
20         public Result Import(string path, int index = 0)
21         {
22             if (!File.Exists(path))
23             {
24                 _Result.FileNotExists();
25                 return _Result;
26             }
27 
28             IWorkbook book;
29             using (var file = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
30             {
31                 book = WorkbookFactory.Create(file);
32             }
33 
34             if (index >= book.NumberOfSheets)
35             {
36                 _Result.SheetNotExists();
37                 return _Result;
38             }
39 
40             var sheet = book.GetSheetAt(index);
41             var table = GetSheetData(sheet);
42             var list = Util.ConvertToList<T>(table);
43             _Result.Success(list);
44             return _Result;
45         }
46     }
47 }

 

2、GetSheetData方法,负责将Sheet中的数据读取到DataTable。这里通过实体类属性的特性值作为列名,属性类型作为列数据类型来初始化DataTable。当然,首行是例外,因为首行是列标题而非数据。

 1         /// <summary>
 2         /// 读取Sheet中的数据到DataTable
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="sheet">当前数据表</param>
 5         /// <returns>DataTable</returns>
 6         private DataTable GetSheetData(ISheet sheet)
 7         {
 8             var table = InitTable(sheet);
 9             if (table == null) return null;
10 
11             var rows = sheet.GetEnumerator();
12             while (rows.MoveNext())
13             {
14                 var row = (IRow) rows.Current;
15                 if (row.RowNum == 0) continue;
16 
17                 var dr = table.NewRow();
18                 for (var i = 0; i < table.Columns.Count; i++)
19                 {
20                     try
21                     {
22                         dr[i] = GetCellData(row.GetCell(i));
23                     }
24                     catch (Exception)
25                     {
26                         dr[i] = DBNull.Value;
27                     }
28 
29                 }
30                 table.Rows.Add(dr);
31             }
32 
33             return table;
34         }

初始化DataTable的方法:

 1         /// <summary>
 2         /// 初始化DataTable
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="sheet">当前数据表</param>
 5         /// <returns>DataTable</returns>
 6         private DataTable InitTable(ISheet sheet)
 7         {
 8             var title = sheet.GetRow(0);
 9             if (title == null)
10             {
11                 _Result.NoRowsRead();
12                 return null;
13             }
14 
15             try
16             {
17                 var dict = GetDictionary();
18                 var table = new DataTable();
19                 foreach (var cell in title.Cells)
20                 {
21                     var col_name = cell.StringCellValue;
22                     var col_type = dict[col_name];
23                     table.Columns.Add(cell.StringCellValue, col_type);
24                 }
25 
26                 return table;
27             }
28             catch
29             {
30                 _Result.IncorrectExcelFormat();
31                 return null;
32             }
33         }

生成模板字典的方法:

 1         /// <summary>
 2         /// 获取指定类型的属性名称/类型字典
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <returns>Dictionary</returns>
 5         private Dictionary<string, Type> GetDictionary()
 6         {
 7             var dict = new Dictionary<string, Type>();
 8             var propertys = typeof(T).GetProperties();
 9             foreach (var p in propertys)
10             {
11                 string name;
12                 var attributes = p.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(AliasAttribute), false);
13                 if (attributes.Length > 0)
14                 {
15                     var type = (AliasAttribute)attributes[0];
16                     name = type.Alias;
17                 }
18                 else
19                 {
20                     name = p.Name;
21                 }
22 
23                 dict.Add(name, p.PropertyType);
24             }
25 
26             return dict;
27         }

 

3、重点来了!

因为日期/时间在Excel中可能被表示为文本格式或日期格式(其实是Numeric类型),所以在CellType为String/Numeric的时候,先取一下cell的DateCellValue,异常后再取cell的StringCellValue/NumericCellValue就好了。

这样,无论日期是文本或日期格式,都可以完美获取。

 1        /// <summary>
 2         /// 读Excel单元格的数据
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="cell">Excel单元格</param>
 5         /// <returns>object 单元格数据</returns>
 6         private object GetCellData(ICell cell)
 7         {
 8             switch (cell.CellType)
 9             {
10                 case CellType.Numeric:
11                     try
12                     {
13                         return cell.DateCellValue;
14                     }
15                     catch (InvalidOperationException)
16                     {
17                         return cell.NumericCellValue;
18                     }
19 
20                 case CellType.String:
21                     try
22                     {
23                         return cell.DateCellValue;
24                     }
25                     catch (InvalidOperationException)
26                     {
27                         return cell.StringCellValue;
28                     }
29 
30                 case CellType.Boolean:
31                     return cell.BooleanCellValue;
32 
33                 case CellType.Unknown:
34                 case CellType.Formula:
35                 case CellType.Blank:
36                 case CellType.Error:
37                     return null;
38                 default:
39                     return null;
40             }
41         }

 

 4、DataTable转成List<T>的方法:

 1         /// <summary>
 2         /// 将DataTable转为List
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="table">DataTable</param>
 5         /// <returns>List</returns>
 6         public static List<T> ConvertToList<T>(DataTable table) where T: new()
 7         {
 8             var list = new List<T>();
 9             var propertys = typeof(T).GetProperties();
10             foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)
11             {
12                 var obj = new T();
13                 foreach (var p in propertys)
14                 {
15                     string name;
16                     var attributes = p.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(AliasAttribute), false);
17                     if (attributes.Length > 0)
18                     {
19                         var type = (AliasAttribute) attributes[0];
20                         name = type.Alias;
21                     }
22                     else
23                     {
24                         name = p.Name;
25                     }
26 
27                     if (table.Columns.Contains(name))
28                     {
29                         if (!p.CanWrite) continue;
30 
31                         var value =http://www.mamicode.com/ row[name];
32                         if (value =http://www.mamicode.com/= DBNull.Value) value = null;
33 
34                         p.SetValue(obj, value, null);
35                     }
36                 }
37                 list.Add(obj);
38             }
39             return list;
40         }

自定义特性:

 1 using System;
 2 
 3 namespace Insight.Utils.Common
 4 {
 5     [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
 6     public class AliasAttribute : Attribute
 7     {
 8         /// <summary>
 9         /// 属性别名
10         /// </summary>
11         public string Alias { get; }
12 
13         /// <summary>
14         /// 构造方法
15         /// </summary>
16         /// <param name="alias">别名</param>
17         public AliasAttribute(string alias)
18         {
19             Alias = alias;
20         }
21     }
22 }

 

 

请大家对此多发表意见和建议,谢谢。

基于NPOI的Excel数据导入