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Google C++单元测试框架---GTest的Sample1和编写单元测试的步骤

如果你还没有搭建gtest框架,可以参考我之前的博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/jycboy/p/6001153.html。。

1.The first sample: sample1

 你把github上的项目导来之后,github地址:https://github.com/google/googletest,在目录:..(你的目录)\googletest-master\googletest\samples是你的samples文件夹。

 在VS中创建项目:GtestSamples

 把对应的代码加入到这里边:sample1.h、sample1.cc、sample1_unittest.cc.

 在sample1.cc中是你要测试的函数:

// Returns n! (the factorial of n).  For negative n, n! is defined to be 1.//int Factorial(int n) {	int result = 1;	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {		result *= i;	}	return result;}// Returns true iff n is a prime number.bool IsPrime(int n) {	// Trivial case 1: small numbers	if (n <= 1) return false;	// Trivial case 2: even numbers	if (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2;	// Now, we have that n is odd and n >= 3.	// Try to divide n by every odd number i, starting from 3	for (int i = 3; ; i += 2) {		// We only have to try i up to the squre root of n		if (i > n / i) break;		// Now, we have i <= n/i < n.		// If n is divisible by i, n is not prime.		if (n % i == 0) return false;	}	// n has no integer factor in the range (1, n), and thus is prime.	return true;}

在sample1_unittest.cc中,是你编写的测试:

 有两个测试用例:Factorial、IsPrime;每个测试用例对应三个test。

extern int Factorial(int n);extern bool IsPrime(int n);// Tests Factorial().// Tests factorial of negative numbers.TEST(FactorialTest, Negative) {	// This test is named "Negative", and belongs to the "FactorialTest"	// test case.	EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-5));	EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(-1)); //如果是ASSERT_EQ,后边的EXPECT_GT将不在执行;如果是EXPECT_EQ,后边的测试EXPECT_GT继续执行	EXPECT_GT(Factorial(-10), 0);	ASSERT_EQ(3, Factorial(-1));	// <TechnicalDetails>	//	// EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) is the same as	//	//   EXPECT_TRUE((expected) == (actual))	//	// except that it will print both the expected value and the actual	// value when the assertion fails.  This is very helpful for	// debugging.  Therefore in this case EXPECT_EQ is preferred.	//	// On the other hand, EXPECT_TRUE accepts any Boolean expression,	// and is thus more general.	//	// </TechnicalDetails>}// Tests factorial of 0.TEST(FactorialTest, Zero) {	EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));}// Tests factorial of positive numbers.TEST(FactorialTest, Positive) {	EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));	EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));	EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));	EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));}// Tests IsPrime()// Tests negative input.TEST(IsPrimeTest, Negative) {	// This test belongs to the IsPrimeTest test case.	EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-1));	EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-2));	EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(INT_MIN));}// Tests some trivial cases.TEST(IsPrimeTest, Trivial) {	EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(0));	EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(1));	EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(2));	EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(3));}// Tests positive input.TEST(IsPrimeTest, Positive) {	EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(4));	EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(5));	EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(6));	EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(23));}// Step 3. Call RUN_ALL_TESTS() in main().//// We do this by linking in src/gtest_main.cc file, which consists of// a main() function which calls RUN_ALL_TESTS() for us.//// This runs all the tests you‘ve defined, prints the result, and// returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.//// Did you notice that we didn‘t register the tests?  The// RUN_ALL_TESTS() macro magically knows about all the tests we// defined.  Isn‘t this convenient?

  

2.编写单元测试的步骤

   Step 1.包括必要的头文件,以便声明测试逻辑需要的东西。不要忘了 gtest.h

#include <limits.h>#include "sample1.h"#include <gtest/gtest.h>  

 Step 2. 使用TEST宏来定义测试。

TEST有两个参数:测试用例名称和测试名称。
使用宏后,应该在一对大括号之间定义测试逻辑。 您可以使用一堆宏来指示测试的成功或失败。 EXPECT_TRUE和EXPECT_EQ是此类宏的示例。 有关完整列表,请参阅gtest.h。

 技术细节:

 在Google Test中,测试分为多个测试用例。你应该将逻辑相关的测试放入同一个测试用例。
测试用例名和测试名都应该是有效的C ++标识符。 并且你不应该在名称中使用下划线(_)。

Google测试保证您定义的每个测试只运行一次,但不能保证测试执行的顺序。 因此,您应该以这样一种方式编写测试,使得它们的结果不依赖于它们的顺序

TEST(FactorialTest, Negative) {  // This test is named "Negative", and belongs to the "FactorialTest"  // test case.  EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-5));  EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(-1)); //如果是ASSERT_EQ,后边的EXPECT_GT将不在执行;如果是EXPECT_EQ,后边的测试EXPECT_GT继续执行  EXPECT_GT(Factorial(-10), 0);  EXPECT_TRUE(2 == Factorial(-7));//这个错误失败信息打印的是true或false,不会打印值  ASSERT_EQ(3, Factorial(-1));} 

技术细节:

 上面的EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-1))和EXPECT_TRUE(1==Factorial(-1))的作用是一样的,但是当失败时,EXPECT_EQ会打印期望值和实际值,而EXPECT_TRUE是会打印true、false。所以优先选用EXPECT_EQ。

Step 3. Call RUN_ALL_TESTS() in main().

int main(int argc, char **argv) {//printf("Running main() from gtest_main.cc\n");testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc,argv);return RUN_ALL_TESTS();}

   **RUN_ALL_TESTS() 会自动调用所有的测试。

之前的两篇博客:

VS2015搭建GoogleTest框架--配置第一个项目

Google C++单元测试框架---Gtest框架简介(译文)

   之后会陆续更新,一直到GMock,但愿我不会太懒,。。。。

Google C++单元测试框架---GTest的Sample1和编写单元测试的步骤