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Spring Security笔记：使用数据库进行用户认证(form login using database)
在前一节，学习了如何自定义登录页，但是用户名、密码仍然是配置在xml中的，这样显然太非主流，本节将学习如何把用户名/密码/角色存储在db中，通过db来实现用户认证
一、项目结构
与前面的示例相比，因为要连接db，所以多出了一个spring-database.xml用来定义数据库连接，此外，为了演示登录用户权限不足的场景，加了一个页面403.jsp，用来统一显示权限不足的提示信息
二、数据库表结构(oracle环境)
1 create table T_USERS 2 ( 3 d_username VARCHAR2(50) not null, 4 d_password VARCHAR2(60), 5 d_enabled NUMBER(1) 6 ); 7 alter table T_USERS 8 add constraint PK_USERS_USERNAME primary key (D_USERNAME) ; 9 10 create table T_USER_ROLES11 (12 d_user_role_id NUMBER(10) not null,13 d_username VARCHAR2(50),14 d_role VARCHAR2(50)15 );16 alter table T_USER_ROLES17 add constraint PK_USER_ROLES primary key (D_USER_ROLE_ID);18 alter table T_USER_ROLES19 add constraint IDX_UNI_ROLE_USERNAME unique (D_USERNAME, D_ROLE);
这里创建了二张表，一张用来保存用户名/密码，另一张用来保存用户所属的权限角色，表名和字段名无所谓，可以随便改，但是用户表中，必须要有"用户名/密码/帐号的有效状态"这三列信息，权限角色表必须要有“用户名/权限角色”这二列信息
再insert几条测试数据
1 insert into T_USERS (D_USERNAME, D_PASSWORD, D_ENABLED) 2 values (‘YJMYZZ‘, ‘123456‘, 1); 3 4 insert into T_USERS (D_USERNAME, D_PASSWORD, D_ENABLED) 5 values (‘MIKE‘, ‘MIKE123‘, 1); 6 7 insert into T_USER_ROLES (D_USER_ROLE_ID, D_USERNAME, D_ROLE) 8 values (1, ‘MIKE‘, ‘POWER‘); 9 10 insert into T_USER_ROLES (D_USER_ROLE_ID, D_USERNAME, D_ROLE)11 values (2, ‘YJMYZZ‘, ‘ADMIN‘);12 13 insert into T_USER_ROLES (D_USER_ROLE_ID, D_USERNAME, D_ROLE)14 values (3, ‘YJMYZZ‘, ‘POWER‘);
这里插入了二个用户YJMYZZ/MIKE，而且MIKE属于POWER组，YJMYZZ同时属于POWER\ADMIN二个权限组
三、spring-security.xml
1 <beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security" 2 xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 4 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 5 http://www.springframework.org/schema/security 6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd"> 7 8 <http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true"> 9 <intercept-url pattern="/admin**" access="hasRole(‘ADMIN‘)" />10 <!-- access denied page -->11 <access-denied-handler error-page="/403" />12 <form-login login-page="/login" default-target-url="/welcome"13 authentication-failure-url="/login?error" username-parameter="username"14 password-parameter="password" />15 <logout logout-success-url="/login?logout" />16 <!-- enable csrf protection -->17 <csrf />18 </http>19 20 <!-- Select users and user_roles from database -->21 <authentication-manager>22 <authentication-provider>23 <jdbc-user-service data-source-ref="dataSource"24 users-by-username-query="select d_username username,d_password password, d_enabled enabled from t_users where d_username=?"25 authorities-by-username-query="select d_username username, d_role role from t_user_roles where d_username=? " />26 </authentication-provider>27 </authentication-manager>28 29 </beans:beans>
注意第9行，这里使用了一个el表达式，目的是/admin开头的url，必须有ADMIN角色的登录用户才可访问
第11行，表示如果登录用户权限不够，将跳转到/403这个url
24,25这二行，指定了查询用户/角色的sql语句，注意：虽然前面提到了用户/角色这二张表的表名/字段名可以随便写，但是写sql时，用户名的别名必须是username，密码列的别名必须是password，帐号有效状态的别名必须是enabled，而权限角色列的别名必须是role
23行指定了db数据源，它的详细定义在 spring-database.xml中，内容如下：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 5 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> 6 7 <bean id="dataSource" 8 class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> 9 <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />10 <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.21.***.***:1521:orcl" />11 <property name="username" value="***" />12 <property name="password" value="***" />13 </bean>14 </beans>
本文使用的是oracle数据库，如果是其它数据库，请自行调整上面的内容
四、Controller
1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; 2 3 import org.springframework.security.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationToken; 4 import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication; 5 import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder; 6 import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; 7 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 8 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 9 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;10 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;11 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;12 13 @Controller14 public class HelloController {15 16 @RequestMapping(value = http://www.mamicode.com/{"/", "/welcome" }, method = RequestMethod.GET)17 public ModelAndView welcome() {18 19 ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();20 model.addObject("title",21 "Spring Security Login Form - Database Authentication");22 model.addObject("message", "This is default page!");23 model.setViewName("hello");24 return model;25 26 }27 28 @RequestMapping(value = "http://www.mamicode.com/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET)29 public ModelAndView admin() {30 31 ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();32 model.addObject("title",33 "Spring Security Login Form - Database Authentication");34 model.addObject("message", "This page is for ROLE_ADMIN only!");35 model.setViewName("admin");36 return model;37 38 }39 40 @RequestMapping(value = "http://www.mamicode.com/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)41 public ModelAndView login(42 @RequestParam(value = "http://www.mamicode.com/error", required = false) String error,43 @RequestParam(value = "http://www.mamicode.com/logout", required = false) String logout) {44 45 ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();46 if (error != null) {47 model.addObject("error", "Invalid username and password!");48 }49 50 if (logout != null) {51 model.addObject("msg", "You‘ve been logged out successfully.");52 }53 model.setViewName("login");54 55 return model;56 57 }58 59 // for 403 access denied page60 @RequestMapping(value = "http://www.mamicode.com/403", method = RequestMethod.GET)61 public ModelAndView accesssDenied() {62 63 ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();64 65 // check if user is login66 Authentication auth = SecurityContextHolder.getContext()67 .getAuthentication();68 if (!(auth instanceof AnonymousAuthenticationToken)) {69 UserDetails userDetail = (UserDetails) auth.getPrincipal();70 model.addObject("username", userDetail.getUsername());71 }72 73 model.setViewName("comm/403");74 return model;75 76 }77 78 }
五、视图页面
hello.jsp
1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" 2 pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 3 <%@taglib prefix="sec" 4 uri="http://www.springframework.org/security/tags"%> 5 <%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> 6 <html> 7 <head> 8 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> 9 <title>${title}</title>10 </head>11 <body>12 <h1>Title : ${title}</h1>13 <h1>Message : ${message}</h1>14 <sec:authorize access="hasRole(‘POWER‘)">15 <!-- For login user -->16 <c:url value="/j_spring_security_logout" var="logoutUrl" />17 <form action="${logoutUrl}" method="post" id="logoutForm">18 <input type="hidden" name="${_csrf.parameterName}"19 value="${_csrf.token}" />20 </form>21 <script>22 function formSubmit() {23 document.getElementById("logoutForm").submit();24 }25 </script>26 27 <c:if test="${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name != null}">28 <h2>29 User : ${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name} | <a30 href="javascript:formSubmit()"> Logout</a> | <a href="admin">admin</a>31 </h2>32 </c:if>33 </sec:authorize>34 35 <sec:authorize access="isAnonymous()">36 <br />37 <h2>38 <a href="login">login</a>39 </h2>40 </sec:authorize>41 42 </body>43 </html>
403.jsp
1 <%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> 2 <html> 3 <body> 4 <h1>HTTP Status 403 - Access is denied</h1> 5 6 <c:choose> 7 <c:when test="${empty username}"> 8 <h2>You do not have permission to access this page!</h2> 9 </c:when>10 <c:otherwise>11 <h2>12 Username : ${username} <br /> You do not have permission to access13 this page!14 </h2>15 </c:otherwise>16 </c:choose>17 18 </body>19 </html>
admin.jsp
1 <%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> 2 <%@page session="true"%> 3 <html> 4 <body> 5 <h1>Title : ${title}</h1> 6 <h1>Message : ${message}</h1> 7 8 <c:url value="/j_spring_security_logout" var="logoutUrl" /> 9 <form action="${logoutUrl}" method="post" id="logoutForm">10 <input type="hidden" name="${_csrf.parameterName}"11 value="${_csrf.token}" />12 </form>13 <script>14 function formSubmit() {15 document.getElementById("logoutForm").submit();16 }17 </script>18 19 <c:if test="${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name != null}">20 <h2>21 Welcome : ${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name} | <a22 href="javascript:formSubmit()"> Logout</a> | <a href="welcome">welcome</a>23 </h2>24 </c:if>25 26 </body>27 </html>
文中示例源代码下载：SpringSecurity-LoginForm-Database-XML.zip
参考文章： Spring Security Form Login Using Database
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