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Sed 整理

2024-07-14 07:22:35   220人阅读

               
               
1. basic options             
 sed [options] {command} {input-file}          
               
sed -nsed -n ‘p‘ a.out 打印a.out文件内容         
    -n: 取消默认打印到屏幕功能        
               
               
sed -f               
               
 sed [options] -f {sed-commands-in-file} {input-file}        
               
 test-script.sed/^root/ p          
   /^nobody/ p          
               
 sed -n -f test-script.sed /etc/passwd  执行test-script.sed中的sed语句    
               
               
sed -esed [options] -e {sed-command-1} -e {sed-command-2} {input-file}       
               
               
 sed -n -e ‘/^root/ p‘ -e ‘/^nobody/ p‘ /etc/passwd        
               
 sed -n \
-e ‘/^root/ p‘ \
-e ‘/^nobody/ p‘ \
/etc/passwd		   逐条执行sed语句（而不必把语句卸载文件中，adhoc分析用）  
               
               
sed ‘{}‘              
 sed [options] ‘{sed-command-1          
   sed-command-2          
  }‘ {input-file}           
               
               
 sed -n ‘{     逐条执行sed语句（而不必把语句卸载文件中，adhoc分析用）  
 /^root/ p             
 /^nobody/ p            
 }‘ /etc/passwd            
               
               
sed scripting flow             
               
 read             
 excute             
 print              
 repeat             
 
 
   
 
      
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
sed ‘p‘ sed ‘p‘ employee.txt屏幕上打印每条语句两次       
               
  sed -n ‘p‘ employee.txt屏幕上打印每条语句一次， 相当于cat      
               
               
sed range(selective lines to execute)           
               
range by commased -n ‘2 p‘ employee.txt只打印第二行        
               
  sed -n ‘1,4 p‘ employee.txt打印第一至四行        
               
  sed -n ‘2,$ p‘ employee.txt打印第二行到最后一行       
               
range by plussed -n ‘1,+2 p‘ employee.txt从第一行开始，再打印紧接着的两行      
  n,+m            
               
               
range by tilden~m  从第n行开始，每个m行打印       
     n, n+m, n+2m,n+3m,…       
  sed -n ‘1~2p‘ employee.txt打印奇数行的内容        
               
               
Pattern matching             
               
  sed -n  ‘/Jane/ p‘ employee.txt输出包含Jane的行        
               
  sed -n ‘/Jane/,4 p‘ employee.txt         
     输出从第一个包含Jane的行开始，到第四行结束     
     如果1到4行没有包含Jane 的行，则输出后面包含Jane的行    
               
  sed -n ‘/Raj/,$ p‘ a.txt输出从第一个包含Raj的行开始，到最后一行     
               
  sed -n ‘/Raj/,/Jane/ p‘ a.txt输出从第一个包含Raj的行开始，到紧接的包含Jane的行结束    
               
  sed -n ‘/Raj/,+2p‘ a.txt输出从第一个包含Raj的行，及紧接着的两行     
               
 sed ‘d‘patten match 的逆运算          
               
  sed ‘2d‘ a.txt 删除第二行；结果输出出第二行以外的所有行     
               
  sed ‘2,$ d‘ a.txt 删除第二行至最后一行； 输出剩下的行      
               
  sed ‘/Manager/ d‘ a.txt删除包含Manager的行；输出剩下的行      
               
  sed ‘/Jason/,4 d‘ a.txt删除第一个包含Jason的行至第四行      
     如果前四行中没有包含Jason的行，则将删除剩下的行    
               
  sed ‘/Raj/,$ d‘ a.txt 删除从第一个包含Raj的行至最后一行      
               
  sed ‘/Raj/, /Jane/, d‘ a.txt删除包含Raj的行至后面第一个包含Jane的行     
               
  sed ‘/Jason/,+2d‘ a.txt删除从包含Jason的行及紧接着的两行      
               
               
  sed ‘/^$/ d‘ a.txt 删除所有空行        
               
  sed ‘/^#/d‘ a.txt 删除所有注释行        
               
               
 sed ‘w‘             
               
  sed ‘w out.txt‘ a.txt把a.txt内容写入out.txt       
               
  sed -n ‘w out.txt‘ a.txt直接写入，取消将内容打印到屏幕      
               
  sed -n ‘1,4 w out.txt‘ a.txt将一至四行，写入到out.txt 文件      
               
  sed -n ‘2，$ w out.txt‘ a.txt2至最后一行 写入        
               
  sed -n ‘1~2 w out.txt‘ a.txt1,3,5,7,..行写入        
               
  sed -n ‘/Jane/ w out.txt‘ a.txt ==sed -n ‘/Jane/ p‘ a.txt > out.txt    
               
  sed -n ‘Jason,4 w out.txt‘ a.txt         
  ….            
               
sed substitution command            
  sed ‘[address-range|pattern-range] s/orginal-string/replacement-string/[substitute-flags]‘ input-file  
               
  sed ‘s/Manager/Director/‘ a.txt用Director替换所有的Manager      
               
  sed ‘/Sales/s/Manager/Director/‘ a.txt         
     只对包含Sales的行进行替换       
               
g flag    默认情况下，替换只替换每一行中第一次出现的pattern，而不是一行中所有的pattern 
     g可以替换所有的pattern       
               
  sed ‘s/a/A/g‘ a.txt 将所有的小写字母a替换为大写字母A      
               
number flag             
  sed ‘s/a/A/2‘ a.txt 每行的第二个小写字母a替换为大写字母A      
               
               
print flagsed -n ‘s/John/Johnny/p‘ a.txt打印所有被替换后的行       
               
               
               
w write flagsed -n ‘s/John/Johnny/w output.txt‘ a.txt        
               
               
i ignore case flag             
  sed ‘s/john/Johnny/i‘ a.txt          
               
               
e excute flagexecute as shell command          
               
  file.txt            
   /etc/passwd          
   /etc/group          
               
               
  sed ‘s/^/ls -l /e‘ file.txt          
    ==          
     执行 ls -l /etc/passwd       
      ls -l /etc/group       
               
sed substition delimeter            
 sed ‘s/…/…/‘ a.txt            
 sed ‘s^…^…^‘ a.txt           
 sed ‘s@…@…@‘ a.txt           
 sed ‘s!…!…!‘ a.txt            
               
               
multiple sustitute command affecting the same line         
 list of command             
 command-1 on the pattern space          
 command-2 on the newly changed pattern by command-1        
 ….             
               
 sed ‘{             
 s/Developer/IT Manager/           
 s/Manager/Director/           
 }‘             
 a.txt             
               
               
& get matched pattern            
               
 sed ‘s/^[0-9][0-9][0-9]/[&]/g a.txt          
 101,…[101],..            
 102,..[102],…            
               
 sed ‘s/^.*/<&>/‘ a.txt所有的行，前加<后加>        
               
               
\1, \2,..single group            
               
 sed ‘s/\([^,]*\).*/\1/g‘ a.txt           
    \([^,]*\)匹配到第一个非，的字符       
    \1 用第一个匹配进行替换       
               
 sed ‘s/\([^:]\)/\1/g‘ /etc/passwd匹配第一个field        
               
 echo "The Geek Stuff" | sed ‘s/\(\b[A-Z]\)/\(\1\)/g‘        
     (T)he (G)eek (S)tuff        
               
Chapter 3             
Regular Expression basic            
               
 ^beginning of line           
 $end of line            
 .single character           
 *zero or more occurences          
 \+one or more occurences          
 \?zero or one occurences          
 [0-9]character class           
 |or operation  sed -n ‘/101\|102/p‘ a.txt       
 {m}exactly m occurrences \{m\}        
 {m,n}m to n occurrences          
 \bword boundary           
 \nback reference           
               
               
  sed -e ‘s/#.*//; /^$/ d‘ employee.txt         
               
 conver Dos file format to Unix file format         
  sed ‘s/.$//‘ filename          
               
Chapter 4             
Sed execution             
 #sed comments begin with #          
               
 to find the sed interpreter, sed file begins with this line        
 #!/bin/sed -f             
               
               
 chmod u+x script.sed           
 ./script.sed input.txt           
               
 first line             
 #!/bin/sed -nf suppress the output        
               
‘-i modifye the input file            
 sed -i ‘s/John/Johnny/‘ a.txtreplace and modify a.txt        
               
 sed -ibak ‘s/John/Johnny/‘ a.txtreplace and modify a.txt        
    also save a copy of a.txt as a.txtbak       
               
               
Chapter 5 Addition Sed Commands           
               
a append line             
 sed ‘[address] a the-line-to-append‘ input-file         
               
 sed ‘2 a 203,Jack Johnson,Engineer‘ employee.txt第二行后添加       
               
 sed ‘$ a 106,Jack Johnson,Engineer‘ employee.txt最后一行后添加       
               
 sed ‘/Jason/a\            
 203,Jack Johnson,Engineer\           
 204,Mark Smith,Sales Engineer‘ employee.txt有Jason的行后添加两行      
               
i-command insert before             
 sed ‘[address] i the-line-to-append‘ input-file         
               
               
c-command change line, replace it with the specified         
 sed ‘[address] c the-line-to-append‘ input-file         
               
               
 sed ‘/Jason/ {            
 a\             
 204,Jack Johnson,Engineer           
 i\             
 202,Mark Smith,Sales Engineer          
 c\             
 203,Joe Mason,Sysadmin           
 }‘ employee.txt            
               
l: print hidden characters            
               
 sed -n l a.txt            
               
=: show  print line number            
               
 sed = a.txt            
               
 sed ‘/Jane/ =‘ a.txt            
               
 sed -n ‘/Raj/ =‘ a.txtjust show the number of the line containig Raj      
               
 sed -n ‘$ =‘ a.txt show the total number of lines       
               
y: transform operation            
               
 sed ‘y/abcde/ABCDE/‘ a.txt字母对应替换： a-A, b-B, c-C, d-D, e-E       
               
               
multiple inputs in command line           
               
 sed -n ‘/root/p‘ /etc/passwd /etc/group         
               
q: quit command             
               
r: read from file to print            
 sed ‘$ r log.txt‘ a.txtprint a.txt & log.txt        
               
 sed ‘/Raj/ r log.txt‘ a.txtprint the first line in a.txt containing Raj      
    and then print log.txt        
               
simulating unix command            
 grep -v Jane employee.txt           
               
 sed -n ‘/Jane/ !p‘ employee.txt          
               
               
               
options summary             
 -n  suprress the default printing        
 -f  sed command in file        
 -e  execute sed command        
 -i  change the original file        
 -l  sepecify the line length        
    -l 20          
    or ‘l 20‘          
               
n: print current pattern space and fetchs the next line fro mthe input-file       
               
               
Chapter 6 Sed Hold and Pattern Space Commands         
               
 Pattern Space the internal sed buffer where sed places, and modifies, the line it reas from the input file   
 Hold Spaceadditional buffer where sed hold temporary data      
   support move data from between Pattern Space and Hold Space     
   but cannot execute sed command on hold space      
   Contents is retained from one cycle to the next, not deleted between cycles    
               
               
               
x:swap pattern space with hold space          
               
 better for the two consecutive lines with one case infor        
 John Doe            
 CEO             
 Jason Smith            
 IT Manager            
 Raj Reddy            
 Sysadmin            
               
 sed -n -e ‘{x;n}‘ -e ‘/Manager/ {x;p}‘ a.txt         
               
hcopy pattern space to hold space           
               
 sed -n -e ‘/Manager/ !h‘ -e ‘/Manager/{x;p}‘ a.txt         
  /Manager/!h if line doesn‘t contain Manager, then copy     
               
Happend pattern space to hold space          
               
 sed -n -e ‘/Manager/!h‘ -e ‘/Manager/{H;x;p}‘ a.txt        
  after appending, it will be line2\nline1 with in two lines       
               
 sed -n -e ‘/Manager/!h‘ -e ‘/Manager/{H;x;s/\n/:/;p}‘ a.txt        
               
gcopy hold space to pattern space          
               
 sed -n -e ‘/Manager/!h‘ -e ‘/Manager/{g;p}‘         
               
Gappend hold space to pattern space          
               
 sed -n -e ‘/Manager/!h‘ -e ‘/Manager/{x;G;s/\n/:/;p}‘ empnametitle.txt      
               
               
Chapter 7 Sed Multi-Line Commands and Loops          
               
Nappend next line to pattern space          
               
 sed -e ‘{N; s/\n/:/}‘ a.txt           
               
               
 sed -e ‘=‘ employee.txt | sed -e ‘{N;s/\n/ /}‘print line numbers       
               
               
D ???????????           
               
               
loop and branch             
 :labeldefines the label           
 b labelbranches the execution flow to the label        
               
               
 #!/bin/sed -nf            
 h;n;H;x             
 s/\n/:/             
 /Manager/!b end            
 s/^/*/             
 :end             
 p             
               
               
               
t?????????????????///            
               
               


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