1、首先要开归档，因为是热备份

设置表空间为只读

SQL> alter tablespace exec read only;

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME                STATUS

------------------------------ ---------

SYSTEM                         ONLINE

SYSAUX                         ONLINE

TEMPTS                         ONLINE

TOOLS                          ONLINE

EXEC                           READ ONLY

QIANYI                         ONLINE

UNDO_SMALL2                    ONLINE

TEMPTS2                        ONLINE

GOLDENGATE                     ONLINE

TBS_GGUSER                     ONLINE

只读状态下备份报错，因为它对数据文件加不上锁

SQL> alter tablespace exec begin backup;

alter tablespace exec begin backup

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01642: begin backup not needed for read only tablespace ‘EXEC‘

数据文件的scn号不一致了：

SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;

     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- ------------------

         1            2831387

         2            2831387

         3            2831387

         4            2831387

         5            2834548

         6            2831387

         7            2831387

         8            2831387

将表空间设置生读写模式：

2、执行开始备份表空间的命令后，正常关库是无法成功的：

SQL> alter tablespace EXEC read write;

SQL> alter tablespace exec begin backup;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01149: cannot shutdown - file 5 has online backup set
ORA-01110: data file 5: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/exec.dbf‘

可以用shutdown abort关库，但是这样会导致数据文件的scn号不一致，开库是需要恢复表空间

SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  150994944 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218220 bytes
Variable Size              79694164 bytes
Database Buffers           67108864 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01113: file 5 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 5: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/exec.dbf‘
SQL> recover tablespace exec;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;

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