Apache Ant 实现自动化部署

http://www.netkiller.cn/journal/java.ant.html

Mr. Neo Chen (陈景峯), netkiller, BG7NYT

 

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2015-12-10

这篇文章帮你解决下列问题:

源码获取，源码编译，处理配置文件，应用部署，远程备份，部署回撤，启动，服务器状态，停止

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---

在你的企业中是怎样完成从开发，测试到运维的？

很多企业的升级是这样做的，写完代码后编译打包，放到FTP上，同时发送一个升级邮件。然后让运维按照升级文档，一步一步操作。

这样的流程有很多问题

稍先进一点做法是使用Subversion/Git，开发将代码放到版本库中，运维直接使用 svn up / git pull 升级，这样做法也有很多问题存在

我们需要什么样的流程或者什么样的流程才是最理想流程？

开发，测试，运维各司其职，这就是DevOps。

实现自动化部署有很多方法，很多年前笔者就开始研究总结，下面是一些经验分享。

开发，测试，生产三个环境的配置如果出自同一个模板会减少很多由于环境差异带来的困扰。

实现应用程序自动部署，首先你要清楚自动部署所需要的流程，部署一个流程通常是这样的：

自动部署程序完成上面的部署，还需要做下面一些事情。

准备一个全新的的服务器，最小化安装CentOS 7操作系统，然后运行下面脚本初始化

			
curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/os/centos7.sh | bash
curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/os/selinux.sh | bash
curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/os/iptables/iptables.sh | bash
curl -s	https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/os/ntpd/ntp.sh |	bash
curl -s	https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/os/ssh/sshd_config.sh	| bash
curl -s	https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/os/user/www.sh |	bash
curl -s	https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/lang/gcc/gcc.sh	| bash
			
			

安装 server-jre 与 apache-tomcat

			
curl -s	https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/lang/java/server-jre-8u40.sh	| bash
curl -s	https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/web/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.26.sh	| bash
curl -s	https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/web/tomcat/systemctl.sh	| bash
			
			

请使用systemctl 启动与停止 Tomcat

			
systemctl start tomcat
systemctl stop tomcat
			
			

Infrastructure Management Shell https://github.com/oscm/shell

安装Ant

			
curl -s	https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/lang/java/ant.sh | bash
			
			

下载build.xml文件 https://github.com/oscm/build/tree/master/Ant

			
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/build/master/Ant/build.xml			
			
			

打开 build.xml 文件

			
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--
Homepage: http://www.netkiller.cn
Author: neo <netkiller@msn.com>
Date: 2015-12-07
-->
<project name="admin.example.com" default="compile" basedir=".">

	<property name="repository" value="http://www.mamicode.com/git@58.96.11.18:example.com/admin.example.com.git" />
	<property name="branch" value="http://www.mamicode.com/master" />

	<property name="remote" value="http://www.mamicode.com/www@23.25.22.72" />
	<property name="destination" value="http://www.mamicode.com/www/example.com/admin.example.com" />

	<property name="project.dir" value="http://www.mamicode.com/repository" />
	<property name="project.src" value="http://www.mamicode.com/${project.dir}/src" />
	<property name="project.build" value="http://www.mamicode.com/build" />
	<property name="project.config" value="http://www.mamicode.com/config" />
	<property name="project.log" value="http://www.mamicode.com/log" />

	<property name="pkg" value="http://www.mamicode.com/example-1.0.0.jar" />

	<property name="backup.dir" value="http://www.mamicode.com/backup" />
	<property name="receive.timepoint" value="http://www.mamicode.com/2015-12-04.17:46:35" />

	<property name="build.sysclasspath" value="http://www.mamicode.com/last" />
	<property environment="env" />
	<echo message="JAVA_HOME is set to = ${env.JAVA_HOME}" />
	<echo message="CATALINA_HOME is set to = ${env.CATALINA_HOME}" />

	<path id="classpath">
		<fileset dir="${env.JAVA_HOME}/lib">
			<include name="*.jar" />
		</fileset>
		<fileset dir="${env.CATALINA_HOME}/lib">
			<include name="*.jar" />
		</fileset>
		<fileset dir="${project.dir}/WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib" includes="*.jar" />
	</path>

	<macrodef name="git">
		<attribute name="command" />
		<attribute name="dir" default="" />
		<element name="args" optional="true" />
		<sequential>
			<!-- echo message="git @{command}" / -->
			<exec executable="git" dir="@{dir}">
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/@{command}" />
				<args />
			</exec>
		</sequential>
	</macrodef>

	<macrodef name="rsync">
		<attribute name="option" default="auzv" />
		<attribute name="src" default="" />
		<attribute name="dest" default="" />
		<element name="args" optional="true" />
		<sequential>
			<!-- echo message="rsync @{option} ${src} ${dest}" / -->
			<exec executable="rsync">
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/@{option}" />
				<args />
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/@{src}" />
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/@{dest}" />
			</exec>
		</sequential>
	</macrodef>

	<macrodef name="ssh">
		<attribute name="host" />
		<attribute name="command" />
		<attribute name="keyfile" default="~/.ssh/id_rsa" />
		<element name="args" optional="true" />
		<sequential>
			<exec executable="ssh">
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/@{host}" />
				<!-- arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/-i @{keyfile}" / -->
				<args />
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/@{command}" />
			</exec>
		</sequential>
	</macrodef>

	<target name="dir.check">
		<condition property="dir.exists">
			<available file="${project.dir}" type="dir" />
		</condition>
	</target>

	<target name="clone" depends="dir.check" unless="dir.exists">
		<echo>clone</echo>
		<git command="clone">
			<args>
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/${repository}" />
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/${project.dir}" />
			</args>
		</git>
	</target>

	<target name="pull" depends="clone" if="dir.exists">
		<echo>${project.dir} exists</echo>
		<git command="pull" dir="${project.dir}" />
		<git command="clean" dir="${project.dir}">
			<args>
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/-df" />
			</args>
		</git>

		<git command="reset" dir="${project.dir}">
			<args>
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/HEAD" />
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/--hard" />
			</args>
		</git>
	</target>

	<target name="branch" depends="pull" if="dir.exists">
		<echo>${project.dir} exists</echo>
		<git command="checkout" dir="${project.dir}">
			<args>
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/-f" />
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/${branch}" />
			</args>
		</git>
	</target>

	<target name="init" depends="branch">

		<mkdir dir="${project.build}" />
		<mkdir dir="${project.log}" />

		<copy todir="${project.build}">
			<fileset dir="${project.dir}/WebRoot" includes="**/*" />
		</copy>

		<copy todir="${project.build}/WEB-INF/classes">
			<fileset dir="${project.src}">
				<include name="**/*.xml" />
				<include name="**/*.properties" />
			</fileset>
		</copy>

	</target>
	<target name="compile" depends="init">
		<javac srcdir="${project.src}" destdir="${project.build}/WEB-INF/classes">
			<classpath refid="classpath" />
		</javac>
	</target>

	<target name="config" depends="compile">
		<copy todir="${project.build}" overwrite="true">
			<fileset dir="${project.config}" includes="**/*" />
		</copy>
	</target>

	<target name="deploy" depends="config">
		<tstamp>
			<format property="timepoint" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd.HH:mm:ss" locale="cn,CN" />
		</tstamp>
		<rsync option="-auzv" src="http://www.mamicode.com/${project.build}/" dest="${remote}:${destination}">
			<args>
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/--exclude=.git" />
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/--exclude=.svn" />
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/--exclude=.gitignore" />
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/--backup" />
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/--backup-dir=~/${backup.dir}/${timepoint}" />
				<arg value="http://www.mamicode.com/--log-file=log/${ant.project.name}.${timepoint}.log" />
			</args>
		</rsync>
	</target>

	<target name="pkg" depends="compile">
		<jar jarfile="${pkg}" basedir="${project.build}" />
	</target>

	<target name="backup" depends="">
		<tstamp>
			<format property="TIMEPOINT" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd.HH:mm:ss" locale="cn,CN" />
		</tstamp>
		<echo>the backup directory is ${TIMEPOINT}.</echo>
		<mkdir dir="${backup.dir}/${TIMEPOINT}" />
		<rsync option="-auzv" src="http://www.mamicode.com/${remote}:${destination}" dest="${backup.dir}/${TIMEPOINT}">
		</rsync>
	</target>

	<target name="receive" depends="">
		<echo>the receive directory is ${receive.timepoint}.</echo>
		<rsync option="-auzv" src="http://www.mamicode.com/${backup.dir}/${receive.timepoint}" dest="${remote}:${destination}" />
	</target>

	<target name="fetch">
		<ant target="pull" />
		<ant target="branch" />
	</target>

	<target name="stop" depends="">
		<!-- ssh host="${remote}" command="/srv/apache-tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop -force" keyfile="~/.ssh/id_rsa" / -->
		<ssh host="${remote}" command="/srv/apache-tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh" />
		<ant target="status" />
	</target>
	<target name="start" depends="">
		<ssh host="${remote}" command="/srv/apache-tomcat/bin/startup.sh" keyfile="~/.ssh/id_rsa" />
		<ant target="status" />
	</target>
	<target name="status" depends="">
		<ssh host="${remote}" command="ps ax | grep tomcat | grep -v grep" />
	</target>
	<target name="kill" depends="">
		<ssh host="${remote}" command="pkill -9 -f tomcat" />
		<ant target="status" />
	</target>
	<target name="run" depends="">
		<java classname="test.ant.HelloWorld" classpath="${hello}" />
	</target>
	<target name="clean">
		<delete dir="${project.build}" />
		<delete file="${hello}" />
	</target>
</project>

			
			

修改下面几处定义

			
<property name="repository" value="http://www.mamicode.com/版本库地址" />
<property name="branch" value="http://www.mamicode.com/部署分支" />
<property name="remote" value="http://www.mamicode.com/远程服务器" />
<property name="destination" value="http://www.mamicode.com/远程目录" />		
			
			

开始部署代码

			
ant backup
ant stop
ant deploy
ant start
			
			

如果你想学习制作部署工具，还可以看看笔者早期的作品https://github.com/oscm/deployment这个工具使用Bash开发，写这个工具仅仅半天时间，后面小改过几次，这个工具伴随笔者很多年。

第一个版本因为很多缺陷存在，笔者使用Python重新开发 https://github.com/oscm/devops 这个工具更适合PHP项目部署