def calc_difficulty(parent, timestamp):
    config = parent.config
    offset = parent.difficulty // config[‘BLOCK_DIFF_FACTOR‘]
    if parent.number >= (config[‘METROPOLIS_FORK_BLKNUM‘] - 1):
        sign = max(len(parent.uncles) - ((timestamp - parent.timestamp) // config[‘METROPOLIS_DIFF_ADJUSTMENT_CUTOFF‘]), -99)
    elif parent.number >= (config[‘HOMESTEAD_FORK_BLKNUM‘] - 1):
        sign = max(1 - ((timestamp - parent.timestamp) // config[‘HOMESTEAD_DIFF_ADJUSTMENT_CUTOFF‘]), -99)
    else:
        sign = 1 if timestamp - parent.timestamp < config[‘DIFF_ADJUSTMENT_CUTOFF‘] else -1
    # If we enter a special mode where the genesis difficulty starts off below
    # the minimal difficulty, we allow low-difficulty blocks (this will never
    # happen in the official protocol)
    o = int(max(parent.difficulty + offset * sign, min(parent.difficulty, config[‘MIN_DIFF‘])))
    period_count = (parent.number + 1) // config[‘EXPDIFF_PERIOD‘]
    if period_count >= config[‘EXPDIFF_FREE_PERIODS‘]:
        o = max(o + 2 ** (period_count - config[‘EXPDIFF_FREE_PERIODS‘]), config[‘MIN_DIFF‘])
    # print(‘Calculating difficulty of block %d, timestamp difference %d, parent diff %d, child diff %d‘ % (parent.number + 1, timestamp - parent.timestamp, parent.difficulty, o))
    return o