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mysql 一些基础的命令
命令
访问监控器:mysql -u [username] -p;
(会提示密码)
显示所有的数据库: show databases;
Access数据库:mysql -u [username] -p [database]
(会提示密码)
创建新的数据库: create database [database];
选择数据库: use [database];
确定是使用什么数据库: select database();
显示所有表: show tables;
显示表结构: describe [table];
列表中的某个表的所有索引: show index from [table];
创建列的新表: CREATE TABLE [table] ([column] VARCHAR(120), [another-column] DATETIME);
添加一列: ALTER TABLE [table] ADD COLUMN [column] VARCHAR(120);
添加列具有独特的自动递增ID: ALTER TABLE [table] ADD COLUMN [column] int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY;
插入一条记录: INSERT INTO [table] ([column], [column]) VALUES (‘[value]‘, [value]‘);
MySQL的功能输入的日期时间: NOW()
查看记录: SELECT * FROM [table];
说明记录: EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM [table];
选择记录部分: SELECT [column], [another-column] FROM [table];
计数记录: SELECT COUNT([column]) FROM [table];
计数并选择分组记录: SELECT *, (SELECT COUNT([column]) FROM [table]) AS count FROM [table] GROUP BY [column];
选择特定的记录:SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] = [value];
(选择器:<
,>
,!=
,合并多个选择与AND
,OR
)
含选择的记录[value]
:SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] LIKE ‘%[value]%‘;
首先是选择的记录[value]
:SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] LIKE ‘[value]%‘;
首先是选择记录val
和结尾ue
:SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] LIKE ‘[val_ue]‘;
选择一个范围: SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] BETWEEN [value1] and [value2];
与客户订单和唯一的限制选择:SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] ORDER BY [column] ASC LIMIT [value];
(排序:DESC
,ASC
)
更新记录: UPDATE [table] SET [column] = ‘[updated-value]‘ WHERE [column] = [value];
删除记录: DELETE FROM [table] WHERE [column] = [value];
删除所有记录从一个表(不删除表本身): DELETE FROM [table];
(这也将重置自动生成的,就像一个id列列递增计数器。)
删除表中的所有记录: truncate table [table];
删除表列: ALTER TABLE [table] DROP COLUMN [column];
删除表: DROP TABLE [table];
删除数据库: DROP DATABASE [database];
自定义列输出名称: SELECT [column] AS [custom-column] FROM [table];
导出数据库转储(更多信息点击这里)mysqldump -u [username] -p [database] > db_backup.sql
使用--lock-tables=false
的锁定表(更多信息选项这里)。
导入数据库转储(更多信息点击这里)mysql -u [username] -p -h localhost [database] < db_backup.sql
登出: exit;
聚合函数
选择但不重复: SELECT distinct name, email, acception FROM owners WHERE acception = 1 AND date >= 2015-01-01 00:00:00
计算记录总数: SELECT SUM([column]) FROM [table];
算上总数[column]
由和组[category-column]
:SELECT [category-column], SUM([column]) FROM [table] GROUP BY [category-column];
获得最大的价值[column]
:SELECT MAX([column]) FROM [table];
获取最小值: SELECT MIN([column]) FROM [table];
获取平均值: SELECT AVG([column]) FROM [table];
找圆润的平均值和组[category-column]
:SELECT [category-column], ROUND(AVG([column]), 2) FROM [table] GROUP BY [category-column];
多个表
从多个表中选择: SELECT [table1].[column], [table1].[another-column], [table2].[column] FROM [table1], [table2];
结合不同表行: SELECT * FROM [table1] INNER JOIN [table2] ON [table1].[column] = [table2].[column];
从不同的表合并行,但不需要连接条件:SELECT * FROM [table1] LEFT OUTER JOIN [table2] ON [table1].[column] = [table2].[column];
(左表是出现在语句中的第一个表。)
使用重命名列或表的别名:SELECT [table1].[column] AS ‘[value]‘, [table2].[column] AS ‘[value]‘ FROM [table1], [table2];
用户功能
列出所有用户: SELECT User,Host FROM mysql.user;
创建新用户: CREATE USER ‘username‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password‘;
授予ALL
访问用户为*
表:GRANT ALL ON database.* TO ‘user‘@‘localhost‘;
找出Mysql的主机的IP地址
SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name = ‘hostname‘;
来源于:https://gist.github.com/hofmannsven/9164408#commands
mysql 一些基础的命令