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实验内容:

服务器IP 192.168.1.236 安装nginx
服务器IP 192.168.1.208 安装tomcat

访问192.168.1.236:8080 跳转到192.168.1.208:8080

 

1.安装nginx服务器,首先来解决nginx的依赖关系,
[root@nginx ~]# yum groupinstall -y "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment"
[root@nginx ~]# yum install -y openssl-devel pcre-devel

2.新建nginx用户,
[root@nginx ~]# groupadd -r -g 108 nginx
[root@nginx ~]# useradd -r -g 108 -u 108 nginx
[root@nginx ~]# id nginx
uid=108(nginx) gid=108(nginx) 组=108(nginx)

3.接着我们来开始编译和安装,

[root@nginx src]# tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz
[root@nginx src]# cd nginx-1.4.2
[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# ls
auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src
[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# ./configure \
>  --prefix=/usr \
>  --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
>  --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
>  --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
>  --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
>  --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
>  --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
>  --user=nginx \
>  --group=nginx \
>  --with-http_ssl_module \
>  --with-http_flv_module \
>  --with-http_stub_status_module \
>  --with-http_gzip_static_module \
>  --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
>  --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
>  --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
>  --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
>  --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
>  --with-pcre
[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install

说明:

Nginx可以使用Tmalloc(快速、多线程的malloc库及优秀性能分析工具)来加速内存分配,使用此功能需要事先安装gperftools,而后在编译nginx添加--with-google_perftools_module选项即可。

如果想使用nginx的perl模块,可以通过为configure脚本添加--with-http_perl_module选项来实现,但目前此模块仍处于实验性使用阶段,可能会在运行中出现意外,因此,其实现方式这里不再介绍。如果想使用基于nginx的cgi功能,也可以基于FCGI来实现,具体实现方法请参照网上的文档。

下面我们为nginx提供SysV init脚本,


[root@mail nginx]# cat /etc/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/sh

#

# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon

#

# chkconfig:  - 85 15

# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \

#        proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server

# processname: nginx

# config:   /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# config:   /etc/sysconfig/nginx

# pidfile:   /var/run/nginx.pid

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.

[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"

prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

make_dirs() {

  # make required directories

  user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed ‘s/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g‘ -`

  options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep ‘configure arguments:‘`

  for opt in $options; do

    if [ `echo $opt | grep ‘.*-temp-path‘` ]; then

      value=http://www.mamicode.com/`echo $opt | cut -d"=" -f 2`

      if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then

        # echo "creating" $value

        mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value

      fi

    fi

  done

}

start() {

  [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5

  [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6

  make_dirs

  echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

  daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

  retval=$?

  echo

  [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile

  return $retval

}

stop() {

  echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

  killproc $prog -QUIT

  retval=$?

  echo

  [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile

  return $retval

}

restart() {

  configtest || return $?

  stop

  sleep 1

  start

}

reload() {

  configtest || return $?

  echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

  killproc $nginx -HUP

  RETVAL=$?

  echo

}

force_reload() {

  restart

}

configtest() {

 $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

}

rh_status() {

  status $prog

}

rh_status_q() {

  rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1

}

case "$1" in

  start)

    rh_status_q && exit 0

    $1

    ;;

  stop)

    rh_status_q || exit 0

    $1

    ;;

  restart|configtest)

    $1

    ;;

  reload)

    rh_status_q || exit 7

    $1

    ;;

  force-reload)

    force_reload

    ;;

  status)

    rh_status

    ;;

  condrestart|try-restart)

    rh_status_q || exit 0

      ;;

  *)

    echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"

    exit 2

esac


而后为此脚本赋予执行权限,

[root@nginx ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
添加至服务管理列表,并让其开机自动启动,

[root@nginx ~]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@nginx ~]# chkconfig nginx on

而后就可以启动服务并测试了,

[root@nginx ~]# service nginx start
正在启动 nginx:                      [确定]
[root@nginx ~]# netstat -ntulp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address        Foreign Address       State    PID/Program name
tcp    0   0 0.0.0.0:80         0.0.0.0:*          LISTEN   14006/nginx
tcp    0   0 0.0.0.0:22         0.0.0.0:*          LISTEN   1029/sshd 
tcp    0   0 127.0.0.1:25        0.0.0.0:*          LISTEN   1105/master
tcp    0   0 127.0.0.1:6010       0.0.0.0:*          LISTEN   1345/sshd 
tcp    0   0 :::22            :::*            LISTEN   1029/sshd 
tcp    0   0 ::1:25           :::*            LISTEN   1105/master
tcp    0   0 ::1:6010          :::*            LISTEN   1345/sshd


ii
1.Nginx将请求反向代理到后端Tomcat

首先,我们来修改一下nginx的配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@nginx nginx]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[root@nginx nginx]# vim nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid    logs/nginx.pid;
events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
  include    mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  #log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
  #         ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
  #         ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
  #access_log logs/access.log main;
  sendfile    on;
  #tcp_nopush   on;
  #keepalive_timeout 0;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
  #gzip on;
  server {
    listen    80;
    server_name localhost;
    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log logs/host.access.log main;
    location / {
      #root  html;
      #index index.html index.htm;
      proxy_pass
http://192.168.1.208/; #注释默认两行,新增一行。
    }
    #error_page 404       /404.html;
    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
      root  html;
    }
  }
}

重新加载一下配置文件,
[root@nginx ~]# service nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
重新载入 nginx:                      [确定]

 

2.Nginx将图片缓存到本地

[root@mail nginx]# cat nginx.conf

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
    #                  ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
    #                  ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
    proxy_cache_path /nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=first:10m inactive=24h max_size=1G;  #新建缓存路径与相关属性
    upstream backend { #建立后端tomcat服务器
    server 192.168.1.208:8080 weight=1;
 }
    server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
        #    root   html;
        #    index  index.html index.htm;
 #proxy_pass http://192.168.1.208:8080/;
 proxy_pass http://backend/; #启动后端服务器
        }
 location ~* "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|html|css|js)$" { #缓存图片与静态内容
 proxy_pass
http://backend;
 proxy_cache first;
 proxy_cache_valid 200 24h;#200状态缓存24小时
 proxy_cache_valid 302 10m;#302状态缓存10分钟
 add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;#在http头部增加一个字段显示是否命令缓存
 }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache‘s document root
        # concurs with nginx‘s one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

 

下面我们来新建缓存目录,

[root@nginx ~]# mkdir -pv /nginx/cache
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/nginx"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/nginx/cache"
测试一下配置文件是否有错,

[root@nginx ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
重新加载配置文件,

[root@nginx ~]# service nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
重新载入 nginx:                      [确定]


 wKiom1PQrROQ99QPAAUKYR3Zhsw851.jpg

 

 

大家可以看到我们访问的所有的静态内容都是命中的,X-Cache-Status: HIT,下面们来看一下缓存的目录,
[[root@mail nginx]# cd /nginx/cache/
[root@mail cache]# ls
2  3  5  8  a  b  c  f

大家可以看到,缓存目录当中有我们缓存的内容,好了到这里我们的nginx缓存服务就配置完成了,下面我们看一下如何实现动静分离。

 

 

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