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Servlet进阶API

  对于每个Servlet的设置信息,web容器会为其生成一个ServletConfig作为代表对象,可以从该对象取得Servlet初始参数,以及代表整个web应用程序的ServletContext对象。

一、Servlet、ServletConfig、与GenericServlet

  在Servlet的接口上,定义了与Servlet生命周期以及请求服务相关的init()、service()、destroy()三个方法。

  web容器启动后,会读取Servlet设置信息,将Servlet类加载并实例化,并为每个Servlet设置信息产生一个ServletConfig对象,而后调用Servlet接口的init()方法,并将产生的ServletConfig对象作为参数传入init()。如图

    技术分享

  这个过程只在创建Servlet实例后发生一次,之后每次请求到来,调用Servlet实例的service()方法进行服务。

  GenericServlet主要的目的是,将初始的Servlet调用init()方法传入的ServletConfig封装起来。

二、使用ServletConfig

  ServletConfig设置了getInitParameter()、getInitParameterNames()方法,可以取得设置Servlet时的初始参数。如

 1 ...
 2 @WebFilter(
 3         urlPatterns = { "/*" }, 
 4         initParams = { 
 5                 @WebInitParam(name = "ENCODING", value = "http://www.mamicode.com/UTF-8")
 6 })
 7 
 8 private String ENCODING;
 9 
10 public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
11         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
12         ENCODING=fConfig.getInitParameter("ENCODING");//读取初始参数
13     }

三、使用ServletContext

   ServletContext接口定义了运行Servlet的应用程序环境的一些行为与观点,可以用其实现对象来取得所请求资源的URL、设置与存储属性、应用程序初始参数,甚至动态设置Servlet实例。

  当整个web应用程序加载web容器后,容器会生成一个ServletContext对象作为应用程序的代表,并设置给ServletConfig,只要通过ServletConfig的getServletContext()方法就可以取得ServletContext对象。

1、getRequestDispatcher()

  用来取得RequestDispatcher实例,使用时路径的指定必须是"/"作为开头,这个斜杠代表应用程序的环境根目录。

    context.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/some.jsp").forward(request,response);

2、getResourcePaths()

  如果想知道web应用程序的某个目录有哪些文件,可以使用getResourcePaths()方法。如:

1 for ( String avater : getServletContext().getResourcePaths("/")){
2 //显示avatar文字
3 }

 例1:取得图片的路径,并通过img标签显示图片。

 1 package ServletAPI;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 5 
 6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 7 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
 8 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
12 
13 /**
14  * Servlet implementation class Avatar
15  */
16 @WebServlet(
17         urlPatterns = { "/avatar.view" }, 
18         initParams = { 
19                 @WebInitParam(name = "AVATAR_DIR", value = "http://www.mamicode.com/image")//根目录WebContent内部
20         })
21 public class Avatar extends HttpServlet {
22     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
23     private String AVATAR_DIR;
24     /**
25      * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
26      */
27     public Avatar() {
28         super();
29         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
30     }
31     public void init() throws ServletException{
32         AVATAR_DIR=getInitParameter("AVATAR_DIR");
33         //AVATAR_DIR=(String) getServletContext().getAttribute("avatars");
34     }
35     
36 
37     /**
38      * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
39      */
40     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
41         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
42         response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
43         PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
44         out.println("<!DOCTYPE html>");
45         out.println("<html>");
46         out.println("<head>");
47         out.println("<meta content=‘text/html; charset=UTF-8‘ http-equiv=‘content-type‘>");
48         out.println("<title>头像显示</title>");
49         out.println("</head>");
50         out.println("<body>");
51         for(String avatar:getServletContext().getResourcePaths(AVATAR_DIR)){//取得头像路径
52             avatar=avatar.replaceFirst("/", "");
53             out.println("<img src=http://www.mamicode.com/‘"+avatar+"‘>");
54         }
55         out.println("</body>");
56         out.println("</html>");
57         out.close();
58     }
59 
60     /**
61      * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
62      */
63     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
64         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
65     }
66 
67 }

3、getResourceAsStream()

  如果想要在web应用程序中,读取某个文件的内容,可以使用该方法,使用时路径的指定必须是"/"作为开头,

  例2:读取pdf文件

 1 package cc.openhome;
 2 
 3 import java.io.File;
 4 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 5 import java.io.IOException;
 6 import java.io.InputStream;
 7 import java.io.OutputStream;
 8 
 9 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
10 import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
11 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
12 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
13 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
14 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
15 
16 /**
17  * Servlet implementation class Download
18  */
19 @WebServlet("/download.do")
20 public class Download extends HttpServlet {
21     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
22        
23     /**
24      * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
25      */
26     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
27         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
28         processRequest(request, response);
29     }
30 
31     /**
32      * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
33      */
34     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
35         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
36         processRequest(request, response);
37         
38     }
39 
40     private void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
41             HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
42         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
43         //String passwd=request.getParameter("passwd");
44                 //if("123456".equals(passwd)){
45                     response.setContentType("application/pdf");//设置内容类型
46                     
47                     InputStream in=getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/LaTeX2e.pdf");//取得输入串流
48                     //File pdf = new File("E:/java web/workspace/FirstServlet/WebContent/WEB-INF/LaTeX2e.pdf");  
49                     //response.setContentLength((int) pdf.length());
50                    // FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(pdf);
51                     OutputStream out=response.getOutputStream();//取得输出串流
52                     writeBytes(in,out);//读取pdf并输出至浏览器
53                 //}
54     }
55 
56     private void writeBytes(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
57         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
58             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
59             byte[] buffer=new byte[1024*1024];
60             int length=-1;
61             while((length=in.read(buffer))!=-1){
62                 out.write(buffer,0,length);
63             }
64             in.close();
65             out.close();    
66     }  
67 }

 

Servlet进阶API