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Ubuntu16.04 +cuda8.0+cudnn+caffe+theano+tensorflow配置明细

 

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本文主要是介绍在ubuntu16.04下,怎么配置当下流行的深度学习框架,cuda8.0+cudnn+caffe+theano+tensorflow

安装英伟达显卡驱动

首先去官网上查看适合你GPU的驱动

(http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us)

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install nvidia-375(375是你查到的版本号)

sudo apt-get install mesa-common-dev

sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev

执行完上述后,重启(reboot)。

重启后输入

nvidia-smi

如果出现了你的GPU列表,则说明驱动安装成功了。另外也可以通过,或者输入

nvidia-settings

出现

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  1. 配置cuda

https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads

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在cuda所在目录打开terminal依次输入以下指令:

sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1604-8-0-rc_8.0.27-1_amd64?.deb

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install cuda?

ubuntu的gcc编译器是5.4.0,然而cuda8.0不支持5.0以上的编译器,因此需要降级,把编译器版本降到4.9:

在terminal中执行:

sudo apt-get install gcc -4.9 gcc-5 g++-4.9 g++-5

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 20

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-5 10

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.9 20

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-5 10

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/cc cc /usr/bin/gcc 30

sudo update-alternatives --set cc /usr/bin/gcc

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/c++ c++ /usr/bin/g++ 30

sudo update-alternatives --set c++ /usr/bin/g++

配置cuda8.0之后主要加上的一个环境变量声明,在文件~/.bashrc之后加上

 

gedit ~/.bashrc

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}

然后设置环境变量和动态链接库,在命令行输入

sudo gedit /etc/profile

在打开的文件里面加上(注意等号两边不能有空格)

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH

保存之后,创建链接文件

sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/cuda.conf

在打开的文件中添加如下语句:

/usr/local/cuda/lib64

保存退出执行命令行:

sudo ldconfig

使链接立即生效。

2、测试cuda的Samples

命令行输入(注意cuda-8.0是要相对应自己的cuda版本)

cd /usr/local/cuda-8.0/samples/1_Utilities/deviceQuery

make

sudo ./deviceQuery

返回GPU的信息则表示配置成功

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3、使用cudnn

上官网下载对应的cudnn

https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn

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下载完cudnn后,命令行输入文件所在的文件夹 (ubuntu为本机用户名)

cd home/ubuntu/Downloads/

tar zxvf cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1.tgz #解压文件

cd进入cudnn5.1解压之后的include目录,在命令行进行如下操作:

sudo cp cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include/ #复制头文件

再cd进入lib64目录下的动态文件进行复制和链接:(5.1.5为对应版本具体可修改)

sudo cp lib* /usr/local/cuda/lib64/ #复制动态链接库

cd /usr/local/cuda/lib64/

sudo rm -rf libcudnn.so libcudnn.so.5 #删除原有动态文件

sudo ln -s libcudnn.so.5.1.5 libcudnn.so.5 #生成软衔接

sudo ln -s libcudnn.so.5 libcudnn.so #生成软链接

 

4、安装opencv3.1.0

从官网上下载opencv3.1.0

http://opencv.org/downloads.html

并将其解压到你要安装的位置,(下载的位置还是在home/ubuntu、Downloads文件夹下)

首先安装Ubuntu系统需要的依赖项,虽然我也不知道有些依赖项是干啥的,但是只管装就行,也不会占据很多空间的。

sudo apt-get install --assume-yes libopencv-dev build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config python-dev python-numpy libdc1394-22 libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libxine2-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils unzip

然后安装OpenCV需要的一些依赖项,一些文件编码解码之类的东东。

 

sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake git

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg libopencv-dev libgtk-3-dev python-numpy python3-numpy libdc1394-22 libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libxine2-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev libv4l-dev libtbb-dev qtbase5-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils unzip

在终端中cd到opencv文件夹下(解压的那个文件夹),然后

mkdir build #新建一个build文件夹,编译的工程都在这个文件夹里

cd build/

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_TBB=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON -D WITH_QT=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON -DCUDA_NVCC_FLAGS="-D_FORCE_INLINES" ..(后面两点不要忘记)

cmake成功后,会出现如下结果,提示配置和生成成功:

-- Configuring done

-- Generating done

-- Build files have been written to: /home/ise/software/opencv-3.1.0/build

由于CUDA 8.0不支持OpenCV的 GraphCut 算法,可能出现以下错误:

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/home/usrname/opencv-3.1.0/modules/cudalegacy/src/graphcuts.cpp:120:54: error: ‘NppiGraphcutState‘ has not been declared

typedef NppStatus (*init_func_t)(NppiSize oSize, NppiGraphcutState** ppStat

^

/home/usrname/opencv-3.1.0/modules/cudalegacy/src/graphcuts.cpp:135:18: error: ‘NppiGraphcutState‘ does not name a type

operator NppiGraphcutState*()

^

/home/usrname/opencv-3.1.0/modules/cudalegacy/src/graphcuts.cpp:141:9: error: ‘NppiGraphcutState‘ does not name a type

NppiGraphcutState* pState;

.......

进入opencv-3.1.0/modules/cudalegacy/src/目录,修改graphcuts.cpp文件,将:

#include "precomp.hpp"

#if !defined (HAVE_CUDA) || defined (CUDA_DISABLER)

改为

#include "precomp.hpp"

#if !defined (HAVE_CUDA) || defined (CUDA_DISABLER) || (CUDART_VERSION >= 8000)

然后make编译就可以了

make -j8

上面是将opencv编译成功,但是并没有安装到我们的系统中,有很多的设置都没有写入到系统中,因此还要进行install。

sudo make install

sudo /bin/bash -c ‘echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf‘

sudo ldconfig

重启系统,重启系统后cd到build文件夹下:

sudo apt-get install checkinstall

sudo checkinstall

然后按照提示安装就可以了。

使用checkinstall的目的是为了更好的管理我安装的opencv,因为opencv的安装很麻烦,卸载更麻烦,其安装的时候修改了一大堆的文件,当我想使用别的版本的opencv时,将当前版本的opencv卸载就是一件头疼的事情,因此需要使用checkinstall来管理我的安装。

执行了checkinstall后,会在build文件下生成一个以backup开头的.tgz的备份文件和一个以build开头的.deb安装文件,当你想卸载当前的opencv时,直接执行dpkg -r build即可。

5、配置caffe环境

切换编译器

选择g++ 5.0以上的对应编号

sudo update-alternatives --config g++

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sudo update-alternatives --config gcc

 

安装依赖库

sudo add-apt-repository universe

sudo apt-get update -y

sudo apt-get install cmake -y

# General Dependencies

sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev

libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler -y

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev -y

# BLAS

sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev -y

# Remaining Dependencies

sudo apt-get install libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev -y

sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy –y

sudo apt-get install -y python-pip

sudo apt-get install -y python-dev

sudo apt-get install -y python-numpy python-scipy

编译 Caffe,cd到要安装caffe的位置

git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git

cd caffe

cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config

修改Makefile.config:

gedit Makefile.config

对打开的文件编辑

# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).

USE_CUDNN := 1

 

# Uncomment if you‘re using OpenCV 3 如果用的是opencv3版本

OPENCV_VERSION := 3

 

# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)

WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

在问件里面添加文本由于hdf5库目录更改,所以需要单独添加:

INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial/

LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial/

 

打开makefile文件

gedit Makefile

NVCCFLAGS +=-ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler-fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)

替换

NVCCFLAGS += -D_FORCE_INLINES -ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)

编辑/usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h,将其中的第115行注释掉:

sudo gedit /usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h

#error-- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 4.9 are not supported!

 

改为

//#error-- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 4.9 are not supported!

之后编辑即可

make -j4 all

make -j4 runtest

为了更好地使用pycaffe ,建议安装:

sudo apt-get install python-numpy python-setuptools python-pip cython python-skimage python-protobuf

make pycaffe

cd python

python

import caffe #测试安装成功

到这里Caffe开发环境就配置好了!

可以测试一下,输出AlexNet的时间测试结果:

cd ~/caffe

./build/tools/caffe time --gpu 0 --model ./models/bvlc_alexnet/deploy.prototxt

6、theano安装

1、直接输入命令:

sudo pip install theano

2、配置参数文件:.theanorc

sudo gedit ~/.theanorc

对打开的文件进行编辑

[global]

floatX=float32

device=gpu

base_compiledir=~/external/.theano/

allow_gc=False

warn_float64=warn

[mode]=FAST_RUN

 

[nvcc]

fastmath=True

 

[cuda]

root=/usr/local/cuda

 

3、运行测试例子:

sudo Vim test.py

from theano import function, config, shared, sandbox

import theano.tensor as T

import numpy

import time

 

vlen = 10 * 30 * 768 # 10 x #cores x # threads per core

iters = 1000

 

rng = numpy.random.RandomState(22)

x = shared(numpy.asarray(rng.rand(vlen), config.floatX))

f = function([], T.exp(x))

print(f.maker.fgraph.toposort())

t0 = time.time()

for i in range(iters):

r = f()

t1 = time.time()

print("Looping %d times took %f seconds" % (iters, t1 - t0))

print("Result is %s" % (r,))

if numpy.any([isinstance(x.op, T.Elemwise) for x in f.maker.fgraph.toposort()]):

print(‘Used the cpu‘)

else:

print(‘Used the gpu‘)

 

可以看到结果:

/usr/bin/python2.7 /home/hjimce/PycharmProjects/untitled/.idea/temp.py

Using gpu device 0: GeForce GTX 960 (CNMeM is disabled, cuDNN not available)

[GpuElemwise{exp,no_inplace}(<CudaNdarrayType(float32, vector)>), HostFromGpu(GpuElemwise{exp,no_inplace}.0)]

Looping 1000 times took 0.302778 seconds

Result is [ 1.23178029 1.61879349 1.52278066 ..., 2.20771813 2.29967761

1.62323296]

Used the gpu

说明安装成功

7、tensorflow 安装

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https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/g3doc/get_started/os_setup.md

先安装anaconda

https://repo.continuum.io/archive/Anaconda2-4.2.0-Windows-x86_64.exe

上面的地址下载 该包默认在downloads里面

cd /home/username/Downloads

sudo bash Anaconda2-4.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh

配置环境变量

gedit /etc/profile

末尾添上,我是一路yes下来,所以安在了root下,你可以自己选路径,这时候的环境变量要改

export PATH=/root/anaconda2/bin:$PATH

重启

打开终端

python

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安装成功

2、创建conda环境 名字叫tensorflow

conda create -n tensorflow python=2.7

source activate tensorflow #使能该环境

#下面这句话只能下载给CPU用的tensorflow

conda install -c conda-forge tensorflow

利用pip来下载给GPU用的tensorflow

export TF_BINARY_URL=https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/gpu/tensorflow-0.11.0-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl

下载安装

pip install --ignore-installed --upgrade $TF_BINARY_URL

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安装IPython

conda install ipython

关掉该环境

source deactivate

测试安装是否正确

source activate tensorflow

python

输入

import tensorflow as tf

import numpy as np

 

# Create 100 phony x, y data points in NumPy, y = x * 0.1 + 0.3

x_data = http://www.mamicode.com/np.random.rand(100).astype(np.float32)>

y_data = http://www.mamicode.com/x_data * 0.1 + 0.3>

 

# Try to find values for W and b that compute y_data = http://www.mamicode.com/W * x_data + b>

# (We know that W should be 0.1 and b 0.3, but TensorFlow will

# figure that out for us.)

W = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([1], -1.0, 1.0))

b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1]))

y = W * x_data + b

 

# Minimize the mean squared errors.

loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(y - y_data))

optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.5)

train = optimizer.minimize(loss)

 

# Before starting, initialize the variables. We will ‘run‘ this first.

init = tf.initialize_all_variables()

 

# Launch the graph.

sess = tf.Session()

sess.run(init)

 

# Fit the line.

for step in range(201):

sess.run(train)

if step % 20 == 0:

print(step, sess.run(W), sess.run(b))

 

# Learns best fit is W: [0.1], b: [0.3]

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OK

 

8、Caffe配置错误

 

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问题:找不到Python.h

解决:给anaconda添加环境变量

gedit ~/.banshrc

添加

export PATH=/root/anaconda2/bin:$PATH

export PYTHONPATH=/path/to/caffe/python:$PATH

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修改Makefile.config

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在终端输入

locate Python.h

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gedit Makefile.config

在INCLUDE_DIRS 和LIBRARY_DIRS后面添上

/root/anaconda2/include/python2.7

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启用

ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda2

PYTHON_ INCLUDE =$(ANACONDA_HOME)/include

 

,把前面的#去掉,那三行都去掉#,并在注释上面,

 

注释这两句PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7

/usr/lib/python2.7…………..

 

 

 

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如果编译的时候发现有错,回来改完之后又得重新编译一遍pycaffe,于是出现如下错误

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make: Nothing to be done for ‘pycaffe‘

则在终端输入

sudo make clean

修改完后再

sudo make pycaffe

这里要从make –j8 all那一步开始编译

编译完后,显示

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然后 cd python进入该目录

python

import caffe

若此时提示错误:

Traceback (most recent call last)

File

ImportError: /home/../anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/backend/cython/../../../../.././libstdc++.so.6: versionGLIBCXX_3.4.21‘ not found

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解决:

https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/4953

https://gitter.im/BVLC/caffe/archives/2015/08/20

 

cd ..

pip install protobuf

sudo apt-get install python-protobuf

coda install libgcc

 

 

 

Ubuntu16.04 +cuda8.0+cudnn+caffe+theano+tensorflow配置明细