给PHP安装扩展的方式有好多

     一、重新编译

         进入PHP源码目录./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php ...[其他编译参数]

  二、通过phpize添加扩展

        进入PHP源代码扩展应用目录ext，例如：

/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/

       在pcntl目录下执行phpize命令然后在configure，运行结果如下：

[root@qzltxx pcntl]# phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20090626
Zend Module Api No: 20090626
Zend Extension Api No: 220090626
[root@qzltxx pcntl]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed
checking for cc... cc
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether cc accepts -g... yes
checking for cc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E
checking for icc... no
checking for suncc... no
checking whether cc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking for system library directory... lib
checking if compiler supports -R... no
checking if compiler supports -Wl,-rpath,... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for PHP prefix... /usr/local/php
checking for PHP includes... -I/usr/local/php/include/php -I/usr/local/php/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext/date/lib
checking for PHP extension directory... /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20090626
checking for PHP installed headers prefix... /usr/local/php/include/php
checking if debug is enabled... no
checking if zts is enabled... no
checking for re2c... no
configure: WARNING: You will need re2c 0.13.4 or later if you want to regenerate PHP parsers.
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether to enable pcntl support... yes, shared
checking for fork... yes
checking for waitpid... yes
checking for sigaction... yes
checking for getpriority... yes
checking for setpriority... yes
checking for wait3... yes
checking for sigprocmask... yes
checking for sigwaitinfo... yes
checking for sigtimedwait... yes
checking for ld used by cc... /usr/bin/ld
checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes
checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r
checking for BSD-compatible nm... /usr/bin/nm -B
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking dlfcn.h usability... yes
checking dlfcn.h presence... yes
checking for dlfcn.h... yes
checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1966080
checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from cc object... ok
checking for objdir... .libs
checking for ar... ar
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking for strip... strip
checking if cc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no
checking for cc option to produce PIC... -fPIC
checking if cc PIC flag -fPIC works... yes
checking if cc static flag -static works... no
checking if cc supports -c -o file.o... yes
checking whether the cc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no
checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so
checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes
checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build static libraries... no

creating libtool
appending configuration tag"CXX"to libtool
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: config.h is unchanged

  运行完后在make&&make install,运行结果如下：

[root@qzltxx pcntl]# make
/bin/sh /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/libtool --mode=compile cc -I. -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/include -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/main -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl -I/usr/local/php/include/php -I/usr/local/php/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/pcntl.c -o pcntl.lo 
mkdir .libs
 cc -I. -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/include -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/main -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl -I/usr/local/php/include/php -I/usr/local/php/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/pcntl.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/pcntl.o
/bin/sh /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/libtool --mode=compile cc -I. -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/include -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/main -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl -I/usr/local/php/include/php -I/usr/local/php/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/php_signal.c -o php_signal.lo 
 cc -I. -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/include -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/main -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl -I/usr/local/php/include/php -I/usr/local/php/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/php_signal.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/php_signal.o
/bin/sh /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/libtool --mode=link cc -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/include -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/main -I/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl -I/usr/local/php/include/php -I/usr/local/php/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -o pcntl.la -export-dynamic -avoid-version -prefer-pic -module -rpath /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/modules pcntl.lo php_signal.lo 
cc -shared .libs/pcntl.o .libs/php_signal.o -Wl,-soname -Wl,pcntl.so -o .libs/pcntl.so
creating pcntl.la
(cd .libs && rm -f pcntl.la && ln -s ../pcntl.la pcntl.la)
/bin/sh /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/libtool --mode=install cp ./pcntl.la /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/modules
cp ./.libs/pcntl.so /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/modules/pcntl.so
cp ./.libs/pcntl.lai /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/modules/pcntl.la
PATH="$PATH:/sbin"ldconfig -n /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/modules
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
/usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/modules

If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR‘
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
 - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH‘ environment variable
 during execution
 - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH‘ environment variable
 during linking
 - use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR‘ linker flag
 - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf‘

See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Build complete.
Don‘t forget to run ‘make test‘.

[root@qzltxx pcntl]# make test

Build complete.
Don‘t forget to run ‘make test‘.

PHP Warning: Module ‘pcntl‘ already loaded in Unknown on line 0

Warning: Module ‘pcntl‘ already loaded in Unknown on line 0
PHP Warning: Module ‘pcntl‘ already loaded in Unknown on line 0

Warning: Module ‘pcntl‘ already loaded in Unknown on line 0

=====================================================================
PHP : /usr/local/php/bin/php 
PHP_SAPI : cli
PHP_VERSION : 5.3.27
ZEND_VERSION: 2.3.0
PHP_OS : Linux - Linux qzltxx 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Jun 22 12:19:21 UTC 2012 x86_64
INI actual : /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl/tmp-php.ini
More .INIs : 
CWD : /usr/local/src/EZHTTP-master/soft/php-5.3.27/ext/pcntl
Extra dirs : 
VALGRIND : Not used
=====================================================================
TIME START 2015-01-23 08:12:17
=====================================================================
FAIL Test pcntl wait functionality [tests/001.phpt] 
FAIL pcntl: pcntl_sigprocmask(), pcntl_sigwaitinfo(), pcntl_sigtimedwait() [tests/002.phpt] 
FAIL pcntl: SIG_BLOCK, SIG_UNBLOCK, SIG_SETMASK [tests/003.phpt] 
FAIL Bug #47566 (return value of pcntl_wexitstatus()) [tests/bug47566.phpt] 
FAIL pcntl_alarm() [tests/pcntl_alarm.phpt] 
FAIL pcntl_exec() [tests/pcntl_exec.phpt] 
FAIL pcntl_exec() 2 [tests/pcntl_exec_2.phpt] 
FAIL pcntl_exec() 3 [tests/pcntl_exec_3.phpt] 
FAIL Test function pcntl_fork() by calling it with its expected arguments [tests/pcntl_fork_basic.phpt] 
FAIL Test function pcntl_fork() by testing the process isolation in the forking hierarchy father -> son -> grandson where father can not knows his grandson [tests/pcntl_fork_variation.phpt] 
FAIL Test pcntl_get_last_error() [tests/pcntl_get_last_error.phpt] 
FAIL pcntl_signal() [tests/pcntl_signal.phpt] 
FAIL pcnt_signal_dispatch() [tests/pcntl_signal_dispatch.phpt] 
FAIL pcntl_wait() [tests/pcntl_wait.phpt] 
FAIL Closures as a signal handler [tests/signal_closure_handler.phpt] 
=====================================================================
TIME END 2015-01-23 08:12:21

=====================================================================
TEST RESULT SUMMARY
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Exts skipped : 0
Exts tested : 29
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Number of tests : 15 15
Tests skipped : 0 ( 0.0%) --------
Tests warned : 0 ( 0.0%) ( 0.0%)
Tests failed : 15 (100.0%) (100.0%)
Expected fail : 0 ( 0.0%) ( 0.0%)
Tests passed : 0 ( 0.0%) ( 0.0%)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Time taken : 4 seconds
=====================================================================

=====================================================================
FAILED TEST SUMMARY
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Test pcntl wait functionality [tests/001.phpt]
pcntl: pcntl_sigprocmask(), pcntl_sigwaitinfo(), pcntl_sigtimedwait() [tests/002.phpt]
pcntl: SIG_BLOCK, SIG_UNBLOCK, SIG_SETMASK [tests/003.phpt]
Bug #47566 (return value of pcntl_wexitstatus()) [tests/bug47566.phpt]
pcntl_alarm() [tests/pcntl_alarm.phpt]
pcntl_exec() [tests/pcntl_exec.phpt]
pcntl_exec() 2 [tests/pcntl_exec_2.phpt]
pcntl_exec() 3 [tests/pcntl_exec_3.phpt]
Test function pcntl_fork() by calling it with its expected arguments [tests/pcntl_fork_basic.phpt]
Test function pcntl_fork() by testing the process isolation in the forking hierarchy father -> son -> grandson where father can not knows his grandson [tests/pcntl_fork_variation.phpt]
Test pcntl_get_last_error() [tests/pcntl_get_last_error.phpt]
pcntl_signal() [tests/pcntl_signal.phpt]
pcnt_signal_dispatch() [tests/pcntl_signal_dispatch.phpt]
pcntl_wait() [tests/pcntl_wait.phpt]
Closures as a signal handler [tests/signal_closure_handler.phpt]
=====================================================================

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[root@qzltxx pcntl]# make install
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20090626/

   最后修改php.ini配置文件，在最后一行添加，然后重启apache

extension=pcntl.so

 三、有些扩展可以通过pecl命令添加扩展

      例如安装Libevent扩展直接输入命令pecl install Libevent会在目录

/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20090626/

    下生成Libevent.so，最后修改配置文件php.ini(同上一个方法）

php添加扩展插件