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读写XML
XML是一种可扩展标记语言
下面是一个完整的XML文件(也是下文介绍读写XML的样本):
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- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <poem author="William Carlos Williams" title="The Great Figure">
- <line>Among the rain</line>
- <line>and ligths</line>
- <line>I saw the figure 5</line>
- <line>in gold</line>
- <line>on a red</line>
- <line>fire truck</line>
- <line>moving</line>
- <line>tense</line>
- <line>unheeded</line>
- <line>to gong clangs</line>
- <line>siren howls</line>
- <line>and wheels rumbling</line>
- <line>through the dark city</line>
- </poem>
一、写XML
本文介绍两种方式:使用DOM开发包来写XML文件和用String对象的方式
将Poem类作为数据源,提供需要转换成XML的内容:
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- class Poem {
- private static String title = "The Great Figure";
- private static String author = "William Carlos Williams";
- private static ArrayList<String> lines = new ArrayList<String>();
- static {
- lines.add("Among the rain");
- lines.add("and ligths");
- lines.add("I saw the figure 5");
- lines.add("in gold");
- lines.add("on a red");
- lines.add("fire truck");
- lines.add("moving");
- lines.add("tense");
- lines.add("unheeded");
- lines.add("to gong clangs");
- lines.add("siren howls");
- lines.add("and wheels rumbling");
- lines.add("through the dark city");
- }
- public static String getTitle() {
- return title;
- }
- public static String getAuthor() {
- return author;
- }
- public static ArrayList<String> getLines() {
- return lines;
- }
- }
1、用DOM写XML文件
流程:
(1)创建一个空的Document对象(最顶层的DOM对象,包含了创建XML所需要的其他一切)。
(2)创建元素和属性,把元素和属性加到Document对象中。
(3)把Document对象的内容转换成String对象。
(4)把String对象写到目标文件里去。
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- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.io.*;
- import javax.xml.parsers.*;
- import javax.xml.transform.*;
- import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
- import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
- import org.w3c.dom.*;
- public class XmlTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Document doc = createXMLContent1(); // 创建空文档
- createElements(doc); // 创建XML
- String xmlContent = createXMLString(doc);// 创建字符串以表示XML
- writeXMLToFile1(xmlContent);
- }
- /*********** 用DOM写XML文件 ***********/
- private static Document createXMLContent1() {
- Document doc = null;
- try {
- // 使应用程序能够从XML文档获取生成 DOM 对象树的解析器
- DocumentBuilderFactory dbfac = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
- DocumentBuilder docBuilder = dbfac.newDocumentBuilder();
- doc = docBuilder.newDocument();
- // 作为 XML 声明 的一部分指定此文档是否是单独的的属性。未指定时,此属性为 false。
- doc.setXmlStandalone(true);
- } catch (ParserConfigurationException pce) {
- System.out.println("Couldn‘t create a DocumentBuilder");
- System.exit(1);
- }
- return doc;
- }
- private static void createElements(Document doc) {
- // 创建根元素
- Element poem = doc.createElement("poem");
- poem.setAttribute("title", Poem.getTitle());
- poem.setAttribute("author", Poem.getAuthor());
- // 把根元素加到文档里去
- doc.appendChild(poem);
- // 创建子元素
- for (String lineIn : Poem.getLines()) {
- Element line = doc.createElement("line");
- Text lineText = doc.createTextNode(lineIn);
- line.appendChild(lineText);
- // 把每个元素加到根元素里去
- poem.appendChild(line);
- }
- }
- private static String createXMLString(Document doc) {
- // 将DOM转换成字符串
- Transformer transformer = null;
- StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
- try {
- TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
- transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
- // 是否应输出 XML 声明
- transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.OMIT_XML_DECLARATION, "yes");
- // 是否以XML格式自动换行
- transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
- // 创建字符串以包含XML
- stringWriter = new StringWriter();
- StreamResult result = new StreamResult(stringWriter);// 充当转换结果的持有者
- DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
- transformer.transform(source, result);
- } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
- System.out.println("Couldn‘t create a Transformer");
- System.exit(1);
- } catch (TransformerException e) {
- System.out.println("Couldn‘t transforme DOM to a String");
- System.exit(1);
- }
- return stringWriter.toString();
- }
- private static void writeXMLToFile1(String xmlContent) {
- String fileName = "E:\\test\\domoutput.xml";
- try {
- File domOutput = new File(fileName);
- FileOutputStream domOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(domOutput);
- domOutputStream.write(xmlContent.getBytes());
- domOutputStream.close();
- System.out.println(fileName + " was successfully written");
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- System.out.println("Couldn‘t find a file called" + fileName);
- System.exit(1);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- System.out.println("Couldn‘t write a file called" + fileName);
- System.exit(1);
- }
- }
2、用String写XML文件
这种方法就比较简单,就是直接用字符串把整个XML文件描述出来,然后保存文件。
二、读取XML文件
两种方式:用DOM读取XML文件和用SAX方式。一般DOM处理内容比较小的XML文件,而SAX可以处理任意大小的XML文件。
1、用DOM读取XML文件
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- public class XmlTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String fileName = "E:\\test\\domoutput.xml";
- writeFileContentsToConsole(fileName);
- }
- /*********** 用DOM读取XML文件 ***********/
- private static void writeFileContentsToConsole(String fileName) {
- Document doc = createDocument(fileName);
- Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();// 获取根元素
- StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
- sb.append("The root element is named:\"" + root.getNodeName() + "\"");
- sb.append("and has the following attributes: ");
- NamedNodeMap attributes = root.getAttributes();
- for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
- Node thisAttribute = attributes.item(i);
- sb.append(thisAttribute.getNodeName());
- sb.append("(\"" + thisAttribute.getNodeValue() + "\")");
- if (i < attributes.getLength() - 1) {
- sb.append(",");
- }
- }
- System.out.println(sb);// 根元素的描述信息
- NodeList nodes = doc.getElementsByTagName("line");
- for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) {
- Element element = (Element) nodes.item(i);
- System.out.println("Found an element named \""
- + element.getTagName() + "\""
- + "With the following content: \""
- + element.getTextContent() + "\"");
- }
- }
- private static Document createDocument(String fileName) {// 从文件创建DOM的Document对象
- Document doc = null;
- try {
- File xmlFile = new File(fileName);
- DocumentBuilderFactory dbfac = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
- DocumentBuilder docBuilder = dbfac.newDocumentBuilder();
- doc = docBuilder.parse(xmlFile);// 解析xml文件加载为dom文档
- doc.setXmlStandalone(true);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (SAXException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return doc;
- }
- }/*
- * Output:
- * The root element is named:"poem"and has the following attributes: author("William Carlos Williams"),title("The Great Figure")
- * Found an element named "line"With the following content: "Among the rain"
- * Found an element named "line"With the following content: "and ligths"
- * ... ...
- */// :~
2、用SAX读取XML文件
SAX是使用ContentHandler接口来公开解析事件,而且SAX包提供了一个默认实现类DefaultHandler,它的默认行为就是什么都不做。下面就通过XMLToConsoleHandler类来覆盖其中的一些方法,来捕获XML文件的内容。
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- import org.w3c.dom.CharacterData;
- import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
- import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
- public class XmlTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String fileName = "E:\\test\\domoutput.xml";
- getFileContents(fileName);
- }
- private static void getFileContents(String fileName) {
- try {
- XMLToConsoleHandler handler = new XMLToConsoleHandler();
- SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
- SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
- saxParser.parse(fileName, handler);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (SAXException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- /*********** 用SAX读取XML文件 ***********/
- class XMLToConsoleHandler extends DefaultHandler {
- public void characters(char[] content, int start, int length)
- throws SAXException { // 处理元素的真正内容
- System.out.println("Found content: " + new String(content, start, length));
- }
- public void endElement(String arg0, String localName, String qName)throws SAXException {
- System.out.println("Found the end of an element named \"" + qName + "\"");
- }
- public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
- Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
- StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
- sb.append("Found the start of an element named \"" + qName + "\"");
- if (attributes != null && attributes.getLength() > 0) {
- sb.append(" with attributes named ");
- for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
- String attributeName = attributes.getLocalName(i);
- String attributeValue = attributes.getValue(i);
- sb.append("\"" + attributeName + "\"");
- sb.append(" (value = ");
- sb.append("\"" + attributeValue + "\"");
- sb.append(")");
- if (i < attributes.getLength() - 1) {
- sb.append(",");
- }
- }
- }
- System.out.println(sb.toString());
- }
- }
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